Respiratory muscle paralysis is known as a very common complication of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). However, most research has focused on its later stages rather than its earlier stages, including the prognosis of patients with this co...
Background and objectives: Bilateral facial paralysis is a rare and specific clinical manifestation of various neurological disorders. Bilateral facial paralysis has been reported as an essential feature of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS)...
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of neck stabilization exercise on respiratory function in stroke patients through longitudinal observation and determine whether there is a difference in its effect based on the side of...
Hypokalemic paralysis is a clinical syndrome characterized by acute flaccid paralysis with concomitant hypokalemia. Complications, such as acute respiratory failure and cardiac arrhythmias, can be fatal. If treated appropriately, the patient can reco...
Diaphragmatic paralysis (DP) in neonates is a rare yet potentially life-threatening cause of respiratory distress, often resulting from obstetric trauma or cardiac surgery. This report presents two distinct cases of bilateral DP: one following a dyst...
Background and Clinical Significance: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment but may underlie diverse and potentially life-threatening immune-related adverse events (irAEs). They may cause various conditions lea...
First described in 1962 in children hospitalized for pneumonia and bronchiolitis, the Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is an emergent viral pathogen. Since its discovery, during the long period of surveillance up to 2005, EV-D68 was reported only as a cause...
Dysregulation of the immune system undoubtedly plays an important and, perhaps, determining role in the COVID-19 pathogenesis. While the main treatment of the COVID-19 intoxication is focused on neutralizing the excessive inflammatory response, it is...
Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus disease (WNND) can cause lasting cognitive and motor impairments, impacting autonomy and quality of life. Given the scarcity of research on the rehabilitative needs of patients with WNV infection, this study aims to fill...
Chronic coughing is a common complaint in small animal medicine and it has an extensive differential diagnosis with very different treatment and prognosis. Coughing is considered chronic when it lasts at least 8 weeks. This retrospective study aimed...
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) caused a large outbreak in the summer and fall of 2014 in the United States. It causes serious respiratory disease, but causation of associated paralysis is controversial, because the virus is not routinely identified in cere...
26 November 2023
Background: Powassan virus is an emerging neurotropic arbovirus transmitted by the tick Ixodes scapularis. This systematic review was conducted to aggregate data on its clinical manifestations, diagnostic findings, and complications. Methods: PubMed...
Although it had been reported that Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) can cause systemic infection in honey bees, little is known about how it establishes this infection and results in the typical symptoms, paralysis and trembling. Here, we used ou...
West Nile virus infection in humans is mostly asymptomatic. Less than 1% of neuro-invasive cases show a fatality rate of around 10%. Acute flaccid paralysis of respiratory muscles leading to respiratory failure is the most common cause of death. Alth...
Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute, immune-mediated inflammatory peripheral polyneuropathy characterized by ascending paralysis. Most GBS cases follow gastrointestinal or chest infections. Some patients have been reported either following or c...
Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1; OMIM #604320, ORPHA:98920) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital motor neuron disease. It is caused by variants in the IGHMBP2 gene. Clinically, it presents with respiratory failure...
An 8-month old girl, weighing 9 kg, was brought by her parents at 8.15 am to the Emergency Department (ED) for a progressive worsening of weakness and acute respiratory failure. On admission, the baby presented with poor oral intake, a weak cry and e...
Herein, we present a newborn female with congenital vocal cord paralysis who required a tracheostomy in the neonatal period. She also presented with feeding difficulties. She was later diagnosed with a clinical picture of congenital myasthenia, assoc...
The use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) is common in the intensive care unit (ICU). NMBAs have been used in critically ill patients with lung diseases to optimize mechanical ventilation, prevent spontaneous respiratory efforts, reduce the wo...
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) produced by Clostridia species are the most potent identified natural toxins. Classically, the toxic neurological syndrome is characterized by an (afebrile) acute symmetric descending flaccid paralysis. The most know typ...
Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) have major consequences on the patient’s health and life. Voluntary muscle paralysis caused by spinal cord damage affects the patient’s independence. Following SCI, an irreversible motor and sensory deficit occ...
Background: Cobras (Naja sp.) are medically important snakes in Thailand. Envenoming by the monocled cobra (N. kaouthia) often causes neurotoxicity, most notably ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, local tissue necrosis and progressive paralysis leading to resp...
The Colombian rattlesnake Crotalus durissus cumanensis is distributed in three geographic zones of the country: the Atlantic Coast, the upper valley of the Magdalena River, and the eastern plains of the Colombian Orinoquía. Its venom induces neurolog...
Raw meat-based diets (RMBDs) have become increasingly popular among pet owners, despite well-documented risks of contamination with pathogenic bacteria capable of causing severe illness in companion animals. This report describes a fatal case of botu...
Respiratory dysfunction is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in motor neuron disease (MND). However, classical volitional measures of respiratory function in these patients are impeded by, e.g., bulbar paralysis or progressive disability. Dia...
Patients with central respiratory paralysis can benefit from diaphragm pacing to restore respiratory function. However, it would be important to develop a continuous respiratory monitoring method to alert on apnea occurrence, in order to improve the...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a lethal neurodegenerative disease that usually results in respiratory paralysis in an interval of 2 to 4 years. ALS shows a multifactorial pathogenesis with an unknown etiology, and currently lacks an effective...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), induced a global pandemic with a diverse array of clinical manifestations. While the acute phase of the pandemic may be waning, the i...
Introduction: Botulinum toxin, the strongest known neurotoxin, is the cause of a rare fatal neuroparalytic disease characterized by the so-called “four Ds”: diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, dry mouth. If left untreated, botulism may cause paralysis o...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by selective loss of lower and upper motor neurons (MNs) in the brain and spinal cord, resulting in paralysis and eventually death due to respir...
The historical method for the detection of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is represented by the mouse bioassay (MBA) measuring the animal survival rate. Since the endpoint of the MBA is the death of the mice due to paralysis of the respiratory muscle, a...
High spinal cord injuries (SCIs) lead to permanent diaphragmatic paralysis. The search for therapeutics to induce functional motor recovery is essential. One promising noninvasive therapeutic tool that could harness plasticity in a spared descending...
Clinical symptoms of monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia) envenoming include the paralysis of extraocular muscles, local tissue necrosis and death through respiratory failure. These neurotoxic outcomes are mainly due to the inhibitory action of postsynapti...
Introduction: Adjunctive therapy with polyclonal intravenous immunoglobins (IVIg) is currently used for preventing or managing infections and sepsis, especially in immunocompromised patients. The pathobiology of COVID-19 and the mechanisms of action...
The spinal cord is a conduit within the central nervous system (CNS) that provides ongoing communication between the brain and the rest of the body, conveying complex sensory and motor information necessary for safety, movement, reflexes, and optimiz...
The spinal cord is a conduit within the central nervous system (CNS) that provides ongoing communication between the brain and the rest of the body, conveying complex sensory and motor information necessary for safety, movement, reflexes, and optimiz...
14 June 2010
Human enteric viruses are causative agents in both developed and developing countries of many non-bacterial gastrointestinal tract infections, respiratory tract infections, conjunctivitis, hepatitis and other more serious infections with high morbidi...
Background/Objectives: Respiratory impairment is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in participants with spinal cord injury (SCI). Cervical SCI (cSCI) severely compromises respiratory function due to paralysis and weakness of the respirator...
Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1) is a fatal childhood motoneuron disease caused by mutations in the IGHMBP2 gene. It is characterized by muscle weakness, initially affecting the distal extremities due to the degenerat...
Although a growing body of evidence emphasizes the superiority of VATS over conventional thoracotomy, little is still known about early postoperative diaphragm muscle function after lobectomy via these two approaches. To fill the gap in existing lite...
This paper reported a case of a metastrongyloid nematode Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in a fennec (Vulpes zerda) kept in a zoo in central Italy. The fennec had shown paralysis of the hind limbs, anorexia, weakness and respiratory signs before de...
Enterovirus genus includes multiple important human pathogens, such as poliovirus, coxsackievirus, enterovirus (EV) A71, EV-D68 and rhinovirus. Infection with EVs can cause numerous clinical conditions including poliomyelitis, meningitis and encephal...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neurodegenerative disease that currently has no cure and has few effective treatments. On a cellular level, ALS manifests through significant changes in the proper function of astrocytes, mic...
Laryngeal paralysis associated with a generalized polyneuropathy (LPPN) most commonly exists in geriatric dogs from a variety of large and giant breeds. The purpose of this study was to discover the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms in a yo...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease characterized by the degeneration of cortical and spinal motor neurons. With no effective treatment available to date, patients face progressive paralysis and eventually succumb to the disease du...
Succinylcholine (SUX) is a clinical anesthetic that induces temporary paralysis and is degraded by endogenous enzymes within the body. In high doses and without respiratory support, it results in rapid and untraceable death by asphyxiation. A potenti...
Conotoxins form a diverse group of peptide toxins found in the venom of predatory marine cone snails. Decades of conotoxin research have provided numerous measurable scientific and societal benefits. These include their use as a drug, diagnostic agen...
In traditional medicine, Jasonia glutinosa (L.) DC or rock tea (RT) has been mainly used to treat digestive and respiratory pathologies but also as an antimicrobial or an antidepressant herbal remedy. An ethanolic extract of RT has been demonstrated...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, causing degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). ALS patients suffer from hyperreflexia, spasticity, paralysis an...
Saxitoxin (STX) is a potent toxin produced by marine dinoflagellates and freshwater or brackish water cyanobacteria, and is a member of the paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). As a highly specific blocker of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs), STX b...
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