469 Results Found

Unaccustomed or strenuous eccentric exercise is known to cause delayed-onset muscle soreness. A recent hypothesis postulated that mechano-energetic microinjury of the primary afferent sensory neuron terminals in the muscle spindles, namely a transien...

In line with the social morphogenetic approach, this article explores the role of meta-reflexivity in responsible concerns and actions oriented toward achieving a sustainable society. Based on the case study of Slovenia, this article addresses indivi...

(1) Background: Acute acoustic (sound) stimulus prompts a state of defensive motivation in which unconscious muscle responses are markedly enhanced in humans. The orbicularis oculi (OO) of the eye is an easily accessed muscle common for acoustic star...

Background: The vestibular postural control system affects standing stability on an unstable surface. However, it is unclear whether maintaining a standing position on different surfaces alters lateral vestibulospinal tract (LVST) excitability and bo...

Reflex locomotion therapy (RLT) was developed by Vaclav Vojta in 1954 as a diagnostic and treatment tool. This therapy is mainly used to rehabilitate children with motor disorders and risk of cerebral palsy. It is also used for adults with neurologic...

Aim: To investigate the vestibulosympathetic reflex (VSR) in humans by comparing the hemodynamic responses to air-conducted sound stimulus (ACSS) of the vestibular system between healthy individuals and participants with vestibular neuritis (VN). Met...

Increased violence and aggressive tendencies are a problem in much of the world and are often symptomatic of many other neurological and psychiatric conditions. Among clinicians, current methods of diagnosis of problem aggressive behaviour rely heavi...

The scientific and technological advance has been a major driving force of modernization for centuries. However, the 20th century was full of indications and diagnoses of a deep crisis of modernity. Currently, debates on limits to growth, pollution,...

Background: Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) has emerged as a promising non-invasive treatment modality for reducing muscle hypertonus and spasticity. However, standardized protocols regarding stimulation parameters, particularly the...

An inflammatory response following dental pulp injury and/or infection often leads to neurogenic inflammation via the axon reflex. However, the detailed mechanism underlying the occurrence of the axon reflex in the dental pulp remains unclear. We sou...

Breastfeeding is universally recognized for its extensive health benefits for both infants and mothers. However, for some women, the experience of breastfeeding can be complicated by intense negative emotional and physical reactions, including phenom...

The venoarteriolar reflex (VAR) is described as a vasoconstriction occurring in response to an increase in venous transmural pressure. Its underlying mechanisms are still not clarified, particularly the neural pathway that supposedly evokes this refl...

A thoracic squeeze has been observed to cause low-vigour neonates of various farmed mammal species, including calves, to enter a state of reduced responsiveness. The removal of the squeeze causes rapid recovery and the expression of normal, healthy b...

The association between intraoperative nociception and increased patient’s morbidity is well established. However, hemodynamic parameters, such as heart rate and blood pressure, may result in an inadequate monitor of nociception during surgery....

A thoracic squeeze has been observed to cause both healthy and low vigour neonatal foals to enter a ‘less-responsive state’, characterised by loss of posture, eye closure and cessation of movement, from which they rapidly recover to express normal he...

Background/Objectives: A sizeable population of patients with normal pure-tone audiograms endorse a consistent difficulty of following conversations in noisy environments. Termed hidden hearing loss (HHL), this condition evades traditional diagnostic...

This study explores how rural community travel can be an eco-innovation approach to enhance education for sustainable development (ESD) for 2030. The goal of ESD is to enable all-age learners to meet the Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4); theref...

The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the recent findings on the acute and chronic effects of static stretching on joint behaviors and neuromuscular responses and to discuss the overall effects of acute and chronic static stretching on...

Fungicides play a critical role in crop protection, yet their potential threats to pollinator remain a concern. This study investigated the sublethal effects of a commercial fungicide, Chunmanchun® (a suspension-emulsion of 7% propiconazole and 2...

Acoustic conditioning taming technology is one of the key tools for controlling and managing the behavior of target organisms in marine ranching. In this study, juvenile Pagrus major (Red Seabream) were subjected to acoustic conditioning taming with...

The state and excitability of pattern generators are attracting the increasing interest of neurophysiologists and clinicians for understanding the mechanisms of the rhythmogenesis and neuromodulation of the human spinal cord. It has been previously s...

Neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury lacks any effective treatments, often leading to chronic pain. This study tested whether the daily administration of fully characterized polyphenolic extracts from grape stalks and coffee could prevent both r...

Central neuropathic pain is not only characterized by reflexive pain responses, but also emotional or affective nonreflexive pain responses, especially in women. Some pieces of evidence suggest that the activation of the neuroimmune system may be con...

Background: The reduction of muscular hypertonia is important in the treatment of various diseases or rehabilitation. This study aims to test the efficacy of a 5 Hz mechanical muscle stimulation (tapotement massage) in comparison to a 5 Hz repetitive...

There is an increasing call for science to contribute more to real-world solutions for a sustainability transformation. At the same time, the scientific landscape encompasses different concepts, which are characterized as practice-oriented, addressin...

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is the reduction in the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) when the startling stimulus (pulse) is preceded by a weaker, non-starting stimulus. This can be enhanced by facilitating selective attention to the prepulse against a noi...

Impaired cerebral autoregulation (CA) may increase the risk of brain hypoperfusion in septic patients. Sepsis dysregulates the autonomic nervous system (ANS), potentially affecting CA. ANS function can be assessed through the pupillary light reflex (...

Eco-innovation denotes developing green practices using environmentally friendly innovative approaches or technologies. Although eco-innovation has been broadly applied in different industries, such as low-carbon production and manufacturing, how to...

Hyperacusis, i.e., an increased sensitivity to sounds, is described in several neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). The mechanisms underlying hyperacusis in FXS are still largely unknown and effective therapies are...

The purpose of this study was to compare changes in muscle pre-activation and short-latency responses in the lower limbs during drop jumps performed on different common soft and hard surfaces and at various platform heights. The study aimed to collec...

The objective of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to determine alterations in spinal and corticospinal excitability of ankle muscles in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) compared to uninjured controls. Independent researchers...

Resource-limited farmers slaughter goats without stunning. The objective of the current study was to assess the influence of indigenous slaughter methods used by resource-limited households on slaughter stress-related behaviour, bleeding efficiency,...

This short narrative review article moves from early papers that described the behaviour of healthy subjects balancing on a motorized platform continuously translating in the antero-posterior direction. Research from the laboratories of two of the au...

To examine individual or combined effects of static stretch and explosive contraction on quadriceps spinal-reflex excitability (the peak Hoffmann’s reflex normalized by the peak motor-response) and the latency times of the Hoffmann’s reflex and motor...

Background: Transcutaneous spinal stimulation (TSS) is a noninvasive stimulation approach to modulate spinal reflex circuit excitability after spinal cord injury (SCI) Posterior root muscle (PRM) reflexes can be used to characterize the change in exc...

The organizational reflex in relation to the company is considered to be an instinctive reaction of its employees to an external stimulus that has arisen or, in other words, the ability of the employee to spontaneously generate a competitive response...

This article explores interculturalism in Australia, a nation marked by the impact of coloniality and deep colonising. Fostering interculturalism—as a form of empathic understanding and being in good relations with difference—across Indig...

In healthy young adults, electrical stimulation of the superficial peroneal cutaneous nerve (SPn) innervating the dorsum of the foot has been shown to elicit functionally relevant reflexes during walking that are similar to those evoked by mechanical...

In patients with brain death, reflex movements originating from spinal reflexes are observed intermittently. Generally, they can occur under hypoxic stimuli such as when the ventilator is removed, under physical stimuli such as bending the neck, or u...

Background and Objectives: Chiropractic spinal manipulation is an alternative medical procedure for treating various spinal dysfunctions. Great interest exists in investigating its neuroplastic effects on the central nervous system. Previous studies...

The diving reflex is an oxygen-saving mechanism which is accompanied by apnea, reflex bradycardia development, peripheral vasoconstriction, spleen erythrocyte release, and selective redistribution of blood flow to the organs most vulnerable to lack o...

(1) Background: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has beneficial effects on physical functions in Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying these functional improvements are still unclear. This...

Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) applied over the human lumbosacral spinal cord provides access to afferent fibers from virtually all lower-extremity nerves. These afferents connect to spinal networks that play a pivotal role in the control of l...

Individuals with acquired brain injuries (ABIs) may experience various complications related to poor coughing or impaired cough reflex (including risk of aspiration pneumonia or respiratory infections). For this reason, cough assessment is an importa...

Trunk positioning and unexpected perturbations are high-risk conditions at the time of anterior cruciate ligament injury. The influence of trunk positioning on motor control responses to perturbation during dynamic performance is not known. We tested...

In chronic shoulder pain, adaptations in the nervous system such as in motoneuron excitability, could contribute to impairments in scapular muscles, perpetuation and recurrence of pain and reduced improvements during rehabilitation. The present cross...

Calcium (Ca2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is central to excitation–contraction coupling and plays a critical role in the development of skeletal muscle fatigue. Altered Ca2+ dynamics may affect not only contractile function but als...

Children and adolescents are the largest at-risk group for the appearance of reflex seizures or epilepsy syndromes with a photoparoxysmal response. The aim of this study was to present an overview of the literature regarding photo-dependent reflex se...

Neural changes in the ankle stabilizing muscles following ankle sprains are thought to be one contributing factor to persistent ankle dysfunction. However, empirical evidence is limited. Therefore, we aimed to examine spinal reflex excitability of lo...

It is widely established that musicians possess a higher level in certain auditory perceptual abilities when compared to non-musicians. This improvement may be mediated, at least in part, by changes in the cochlear response induced by reflex activati...