EMG-Free Monitorization of the Acoustic Startle Reflex with a Mobile Phone: Implications of Sound Parameters with Posture Related Responses
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Purpose and Goals
2. Methods
2.1. Ethics and Environment
2.2. Recruitment
2.3. Hardware and Software
2.3.1. Mobile Sensing Platform Architecture
2.3.2. Application Overview
2.3.3. ASR Sound Stimulus Battery
2.4. Experimental Protocol
3. Statistical Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Eye Synchronization
4.2. Blink Reaction Time and Response Amplitudes: Left and Right Eye, Sitting and Standing
4.3. Response Times to Stimulus Parameters
5. Discussion
5.1. Limitations
5.2. Comparison with Prior Work
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ASR | Acoustic startle reflex |
OO | Orbicularis oculi |
EAR | Eye Aspect Ratio |
EMG | Electromyogram |
SD | Standard Deviation |
DSM-V | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition |
Hz | Hertz |
dB | Decibels |
N | Sample size |
SLM | Sound level meter |
MARS | Mobile acoustic-startle reflex monitoring system |
RT | Reaction time |
P | Probability value |
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Test Set | Frequency | ~Decibels | Delay to Startle (s) | Volume Scales (Phone) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 500 | 65 | 5 | 2 |
2 | 1000 | 90 | 6 | 10 |
3 | 500 | 105 | 8 | 12 |
4 | 500 | 90 | 5 | 7 |
5 | 1000 | 65 | 8 | 4 |
6 | 2000 | 65 | 7 | 3 |
7 | 4000 | 90 | 7 | 10 |
8 | 2000 | 90 | 7 | 8 |
9 | 4000 | 105 | 5 | 14 |
10 | 3000 | 105 | 1 | 12 |
11 | 4000 | 65 | 3 | 3 |
12 | 1000 | 105 | 7 | 14 |
13 | 3000 | 65 | 8 | 3 |
14 | 2000 | 105 | 4 | 12 |
15 | 3000 | 90 | 9 | 12 |
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Gowen, C.L.; Khwaounjoo, P.; Cakmak, Y.O. EMG-Free Monitorization of the Acoustic Startle Reflex with a Mobile Phone: Implications of Sound Parameters with Posture Related Responses. Sensors 2020, 20, 5996. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20215996
Gowen CL, Khwaounjoo P, Cakmak YO. EMG-Free Monitorization of the Acoustic Startle Reflex with a Mobile Phone: Implications of Sound Parameters with Posture Related Responses. Sensors. 2020; 20(21):5996. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20215996
Chicago/Turabian StyleGowen, Christopher L., Prashanna Khwaounjoo, and Yusuf O. Cakmak. 2020. "EMG-Free Monitorization of the Acoustic Startle Reflex with a Mobile Phone: Implications of Sound Parameters with Posture Related Responses" Sensors 20, no. 21: 5996. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20215996
APA StyleGowen, C. L., Khwaounjoo, P., & Cakmak, Y. O. (2020). EMG-Free Monitorization of the Acoustic Startle Reflex with a Mobile Phone: Implications of Sound Parameters with Posture Related Responses. Sensors, 20(21), 5996. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20215996