Meta-Reflexivity as a Way toward Responsible and Sustainable Behavior
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review and the Research Problem
2.1. Reflexivity and Responsible Behavior
2.2. Research Problem
- H1.
- Social and environmental responsibility are influenced by the initial structural/cultural conditions, in terms of individuals’ age, gender, education and income;
- H2.
- Socially and environmentally responsible behavior is affected by the related social and environmental intentions and attitudes;
- H3.
- Meta-reflexivity affects responsible attitudes, intentions and behavior and is influenced by the initial structural/cultural conditions;
- H4.
- Changed structural conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have affected certain aspects of responsibility;
- H5.
- Social and environmental responsibility at the level of behavior can be seen as an overall socio-environmental responsibility—as a condition for achieving an overall sustainable society and what the factors are that directly predict it.
3. Materials and Methods
- Plan your own future;
- Rehearse what you would say in an important conversation;
- Imagine the best and worst consequences of a major decision;
- Review a conversation that ended badly;
- Clarify your thoughts about some issue, person or problem [71].
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions, Implications, Limitations and Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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To What Extent Do You Agree with the Following Statements? (Answer on a Scale of 0 to 5, with 0 Indicating That This Is Not True at All and 5 That This Is Totally True) | How Often Have You Been in the Last Year… (0 Means Never, and 5 Means Almost Every Day) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Attitudes | Intentions | Behavior | |
Social responsibility | You feel a responsibility to help the poor, disabled, sick and other people in need. | You invest much of your time into voluntary help for people in need. | Have you participated in activities that help people in need? |
Environmental responsibility | You feel a responsibility to protect our natural environment, all animals and plants. | You invest much of your time to save the planet, the forests and seas. | Have you participated in activities that contribute to the protection of the natural environment? |
Social Responsibility (Scale Ranges from 1 to 6) | Environmental Responsibility (Scale Ranges from 1 to 6) | Meta-Reflexivity (Scale Ranges from 0 to 80) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Statistics | Attitudes | Intentions | Behavior | Attitudes | Intentions | Behavior | ||
Wave 2020 | Mean | 4.72 | 3.97 | 3.62 | 5.23 | 4.11 | 3.53 | 30.64 |
Std. dev. | 1.15 | 1.43 | 1.59 | 0.98 | 1.39 | 1.52 | 18.85 | |
Wave 2022 | Mean | 4.66 | 3.91 | 3.59 | 5.17 | 3.96 | 3.45 | 26.25 |
Std. dev. | 1.21 | 1.37 | 1.52 | 1.07 | 1.40 | 1.54 | 18.40 | |
Mean change | −0.055 | −0.058 | −0.025 | −0.064 | −0.154 | −0.083 | −4.370 | |
t-test | t * | 1.406 | 1.797 | ** 1.994 | 0.939 | ** 3.131 | ** 2.546 | ** 4.973 |
Signific. | 0.160 | 0.073 | 0.046 | 0.348 | 0.002 | 0.011 | 0.000 |
Social Responsibility | Environmental Responsibility | ||
---|---|---|---|
Variance explained (R2) | Attitudes | 0.060 | 0.042 |
Intentions | 0.340 | 0.198 | |
Behavior | 0.386 | 0.202 | |
RMSEA | 0.051 | 0.023 | |
CFI | 0.984 | 0.991 | |
TLI | 0.961 | 0.976 | |
SRMR | 0.017 | 0.012 |
Coefficient | Std. Error | t | Significance | Std. Coefficient (Beta) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (female) | 1.614 | 0.871 | 1.85 | 0.064 | 0.043 |
Age | −0.186 | 0.028 | −6.61 | 0.000 | −0.160 |
Income above EUR 1000 | 2.529 | 0.950 | 2.66 | 0.008 | 0.068 |
Pandemic | −4.548 | 0.858 | −5.30 | 0.000 | −0.122 |
Tertiary education | 5.251 | 1.001 | 5.24 | 0.000 | 0.128 |
Constant | 3.681 | 1.776 | 20.72 | 0.000 | |
R2 | 0.080 |
Coefficient | Std. Error | t | Significance | Std. Coefficient (Beta) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intentions of social responsibility | 0.974 | 0.043 | 22.65 | 0.000 | 0.479 |
Intentions of environmental responsibility | 0.374 | 0.042 | 8.84 | 0.000 | 0.186 |
Gender (female) | −0.265 | 0.106 | −2.49 | 0.013 | −0.047 |
Age | 0.014 | 0.003 | 4.19 | 0.000 | 0.081 |
Meta-reflexivity | 0.018 | 0.003 | 5.96 | 0.000 | 0.116 |
Constant | 0.621 | 0.261 | 2.38 | 0.018 | |
R2 | 0.389 |
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Golob, T.; Makarovič, M. Meta-Reflexivity as a Way toward Responsible and Sustainable Behavior. Sustainability 2022, 14, 5192. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095192
Golob T, Makarovič M. Meta-Reflexivity as a Way toward Responsible and Sustainable Behavior. Sustainability. 2022; 14(9):5192. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095192
Chicago/Turabian StyleGolob, Tea, and Matej Makarovič. 2022. "Meta-Reflexivity as a Way toward Responsible and Sustainable Behavior" Sustainability 14, no. 9: 5192. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095192