Absence of Neuroplastic Changes in the Bilateral H-Reflex Amplitude following Spinal Manipulation with Activator IV
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria
Subjects
2.2. Medical History and X-ray Analysis
2.3. Intervention: Spinal Manipulation with Activator IV
2.4. Stimulation and the Recording of Parameters to Determine H-Reflexes and M-Waves
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Dancers
3.2. Non-Dancers
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations of the Study
4.2. The Originality of the Study
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Lumbar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dancers | Anteroposterior Laterality | Scoliosis | Lordosis | Pelvic Elevation | Anteroposterior Intervertebral Space | Lateral Intervertebral Space |
S1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | T12-L4 | T12 |
S2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | T12-L4 | T12 |
S3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | T12-L5 | T12 |
S4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | T12-L4 | T12-L2 |
S5 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | L4 | T12-L5 |
S6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | T12-L4 | 0 |
S7 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | L4 | L4-L5 |
Non-Dancers | Anteroposterior Laterality | Scoliosis | Lordosis | Pelvic Elevation | Anteroposterior Intervertebral Space | Lateral Intervertebral Space |
S1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | L4-L5 | T12 |
S2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | T12-L4 |
S3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | T12-L4-L5 | T12 |
S4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | L4-L5 | T12-L4-L5 |
S5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | L4 | T12 |
S6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | L5 | L1 |
S7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | L1 |
Cervical | ||||||
Dancers | Anteroposterior Laterality | Scoliosis | Lordosis | Anteroposterior Intervertebral Space | Lateral Intervertebral Space | |
S1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | C4 | C4 | |
S2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | C4 | C2 | |
S3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | C4 | C3 | |
S4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | C2-C3 | C2-C3 | |
S5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | C4 | C4 | |
S6 | 2 | 0 | 1 | C5 | C5 | |
S7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | C4 | C3-C5 | |
Non-Dancers | Anteroposterior Laterality | Scoliosis | Lordosis | Anteroposterior Intervertebral space | Lateral Intervertebral Space | |
S1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | C5 | C5/C7 | |
S2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | C4/C6 | |
S3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | C4 | C3-C4 | |
S4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | C4 | C3/C5 | |
S5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | C4 | C4 | |
S6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | C4 | C3-C4 | |
S7 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | C4 |
Spinal Adjustment Needs | S1 Dancer/ S1 Non-Dancer | S2 Dancer/ S2 Non-Dancer | S3 Dancer/ S3 Non-Dancer | S4 Dancer/ S4 Non-Dancer | S5 Dancer/ S5 Non-Dancer | S6 Dancer/ S6 Non-Dancer | S7 Dancer/ S7 Non-Dancer |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pelvic Deficit | Correct/ Correct | Left/ Correct | Correct/ Correct | Correct/ Correct | Correct/ Correct | Correct/ Correct | Left/ Correct |
Medial Ligament | 2/10 | 3/2 | 7/5 | 8/8 | 5/11 | 4/5 | 2/7 |
Lateral Ligament | 2/10 | 3/4 | 5/4 | 6/10 | 3/8 | 6/5 | 5/1 |
Inferior Posterior Ilium | 0/10 | 3/2 | 7/1 | 8/8 | 6/7 | 7/6 | 3/7 |
Superior Anterior Ilium | 3/10 | 4/0 | 7/0 | 8/8 | 6/6 | 6/6 | 3/7 |
L5 | 1/7 | 4/2 | 5/0 | 4/6 | 1/6 | 4/7 | 1/1 |
L4 | 6/6 | 6/7 | 4/7 | 5/8 | 6/6 | 7/7 | 5/5 |
L2 | 3/7 | 7/6 | 7/6 | 6/4 | 9/1 | 2/7 | 5/4 |
T12 | 4/3 | 5/7 | 3/4 | 4/7 | 3/6 | 4/4 | 5/3 |
T8 | 8/4 | 6/8 | 6/10 | 8/4 | 8/4 | 2/3 | 7/6 |
T6 | 5/5 | 8/0 | 4/4 | 3/6 | 7/5 | 3/8 | 6/8 |
T4 | 4/6 | 5/4 | 5/5 | 1/3 | 0/5 | 8/4 | 5/6 |
T1 | 3/7 | 4/5 | 5/3 | 4/5 | 1/4 | 3/5 | 7/4 |
Medial Scapulae | 4/4 | 5/0 | 3/8 | 7/6 | 2/4 | 1/3 | 6/8 |
Lateral Scapulae | 3/4 | 2/8 | 6/4 | 3/5 | 2/4 | 0/3 | 6/9 |
C7 | 2/8 | 6/3 | 5/4 | 9/5 | 2/4 | 6/3 | 3/7 |
C5 | 7/6 | 5/5 | 6/1 | 4/4 | 5/1 | 2/2 | 6/1 |
C2 | 0/5 | 6/3 | 4/2 | 2/0 | 0/1 | 2/5 | 5/8 |
C1 | 2/4 | 2/0 | 2/2 | 5/4 | 9/4 | 5/0 | 2/2 |
Occipital | 10/4 | 10/7 | 7/10 | 10/7 | 6/10 | 7/0 | 1/0 |
% Pelvic Deficit | +5/+5 mm | +5/+5 mm | +5/+5 mm | +5/+5 mm | +5/+5 mm | +5/+5 mm | +5/+5 mm |
First Spinal Manipulation with the Activator IV | |||||||
Spinal Adjustment | S1 dancer/ S1 non-dancer | S2 dancer/ S2 non-dancer | S3 dancer/ S3 non-dancer | S4 dancer/ S4 non-dancer | S5 dancer/ S5 non-dancer | S6 dancer/ S6 non-dancer | S7 dancer/ S7 non-dancer |
Pelvic Deficit | Correct/ Correct | Left/ Correct | Correct/ Correct | Correct/ Correct | Correct/ Correct | Correct/ Correct | Left/ Left |
Medial Ligament | Correct/ Correct | Left/ Correct | No/ Left | Correct/ No | Correct/ Bilateral | Correct/ No | No/ No |
Lateral Ligament | Left/ Bilateral | Correct/ Bilateral | Bilateral/ Correct | No/ No | Left/ No | No/ Bilateral | Left/ No |
10th Spinal Manipulation with the Activator IV | |||||||
Spinal Adjustment | S1 dancer/ S1 non-dancer | S2 dancer/ S2 non-dancer | S3 dancer/ S3 non-dancer | S4 dancer/ S4 non-dancer | S5 dancer/ S5 non-dancer | S6 dancer/ S6 non-dancer | S7 dancer/ S7 non-dancer |
Pelvic Deficit | Correct/ Correct | Left/ Correct | Correct/ Correct | Correct/ Correct | Correct/ Correct | Correct/ Correct | Left/ Left |
Medial Ligament | No/ Bilateral | Correct/ No | Bilateral/ Bilateral | Left/ Correct | No/ Bilateral | No/ Bilateral | No/ No |
Lateral Ligament | No/ Left | Correct/ No | Left/ Correct | No/ Left | Left/ Bilateral | No/ Bilateral | No/No |
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Fragoso, A.; Martínez, B.; Ceballos-Villegas, M.E.; Herrera, E.; Saldaña, J.J.; Gutiérrez-Lozano, A.L.; Manjarrez, E.; Lomelí, J. Absence of Neuroplastic Changes in the Bilateral H-Reflex Amplitude following Spinal Manipulation with Activator IV. Medicina 2022, 58, 1521. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58111521
Fragoso A, Martínez B, Ceballos-Villegas ME, Herrera E, Saldaña JJ, Gutiérrez-Lozano AL, Manjarrez E, Lomelí J. Absence of Neuroplastic Changes in the Bilateral H-Reflex Amplitude following Spinal Manipulation with Activator IV. Medicina. 2022; 58(11):1521. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58111521
Chicago/Turabian StyleFragoso, Alma, Brayan Martínez, María Elena Ceballos-Villegas, Elizabeth Herrera, Juan José Saldaña, Ana Lilia Gutiérrez-Lozano, Elías Manjarrez, and Joel Lomelí. 2022. "Absence of Neuroplastic Changes in the Bilateral H-Reflex Amplitude following Spinal Manipulation with Activator IV" Medicina 58, no. 11: 1521. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58111521
APA StyleFragoso, A., Martínez, B., Ceballos-Villegas, M. E., Herrera, E., Saldaña, J. J., Gutiérrez-Lozano, A. L., Manjarrez, E., & Lomelí, J. (2022). Absence of Neuroplastic Changes in the Bilateral H-Reflex Amplitude following Spinal Manipulation with Activator IV. Medicina, 58(11), 1521. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58111521