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115 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
5,180 Views
20 Pages

24 May 2020

Radio frequency communication technology has not only greatly improved public network service, but also developed a new technological route for indoor navigation service. However, there is a gap between the precision and accuracy of indoor navigation...

(This article belongs to the Section Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
805 Views
23 Pages

With the advancement of 5G and the Internet of Things (IoT), traditional upper-layer authentication mechanisms are vulnerable to attacks, while quantum computing threatens cryptographic security. Radio frequency fingerprint identification (RFFI) offe...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue IoT Based Intelligent Communications: Modelling, Practice and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,963 Views
17 Pages

17 July 2025

Radio frequency fingerprint identification (RFFI) leverages the unique characteristics of radio signals resulting from inherent hardware imperfections for identification, making it essential for applications in telecommunications, cybersecurity, and...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radio Frequency AI/ML (RF AI/ML) for Wireless Spectrum Sensing and Awareness)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,600 Views
18 Pages

10 October 2024

The open nature of the wireless channel makes the drone communication vulnerable to adverse spoofing attacks, and the radio frequency fingerprint (RFF) identification is promising in effectively safeguarding the access security for drones. Since dron...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical-Layer Security in Drone Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,951 Views
19 Pages

4 August 2023

Utilizing a multi-frame signal (MFS) rather than a single-frame signal (SFS) for radio frequency fingerprint authentication (RFFA) shows the advantage of higher accuracy. However, previous studies have often overlooked the associated security threats...

(This article belongs to the Section Internet of Things)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,635 Views
19 Pages

30 September 2025

As a typical representative of complex networks, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is more vulnerable to malicious attacks due to the mobility and complex environment of devices, which requires a secure and efficient authentication mechanism. Radio freq...

(This article belongs to the Section E3: Mathematical Biology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,471 Views
31 Pages

1 April 2025

Radio Frequency Fingerprint Identification (RFFI) is a promising device authentication technique that utilizes inherent hardware flaws in transmitters to achieve device identification, thus effectively maintaining the security of the Internet of Thin...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data Protection and Privacy in Industry 4.0 Era)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
7,688 Views
19 Pages

29 December 2023

The fifth-generation (5G) mobile cellular network is vulnerable to various security threats. Radio frequency fingerprint (RFF) identification is an emerging physical layer authentication technique which can be used to detect spoofing and distributed...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Communications: Signal Processing Perspectives)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
859 Views
23 Pages

23 March 2026

Radio frequency fingerprint identification (RFFI) based on physical-layer characteristics provides a reliable solution for secure authentication of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Deep neural networks have demonstrated strong capability in improvin...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Robust Processing Techniques and Sensor Technologies for Complex Radio Frequency Signals)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,513 Views
19 Pages

22 April 2022

In recent years, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) vehicle interconnection technology has achieved mature development and broad applications, which is the key Vehicle to Everything (V2X) technology to realize transport intelligence. However,...

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Transportation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
5,318 Views
26 Pages

Radio Frequency Fingerprinting for Frequency Hopping Emitter Identification

  • Jusung Kang,
  • Younghak Shin,
  • Hyunku Lee,
  • Jintae Park and
  • Heungno Lee

16 November 2021

In a frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) network, the hopping pattern plays an important role in user authentication at the physical layer. However, recently, it has been possible to trace the hopping pattern through a blind estimation method fo...

(This article belongs to the Section Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,318 Views
17 Pages

6 December 2023

Smart grids incorporate diverse power equipment used for energy optimization in intelligent cities. This equipment may use Internet of Things (IoT) devices and services in the future. To ensure stable operation of smart grids, cybersecurity of IoT is...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Security and Privacy in Networks and Multimedia)
  • Data Descriptor
  • Open Access
69 Citations
12,141 Views
11 Pages

21 June 2020

Radio frequency fingerprinting (RFF) is a promising physical layer protection technique which can be used to defend wireless networks from malicious attacks. It is based on the use of the distinctive features of the physical waveforms (signals) trans...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data from Smartphones and Wearables)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
6,315 Views
25 Pages

22 August 2025

As IoT (internet of things) devices grow in prominence, safeguarding them from cyberattacks is becoming a pressing challenge. To bootstrap IoT security, device identification or authentication is crucial for establishing trusted connections among dev...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cybersecurity in the Age of the Internet of Things)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,481 Views
17 Pages

17 November 2022

Hardware Trojans (HTs) pose a security threat to the Internet of Things (IoT). Attackers can take control of devices in IoT through HTs, which seriously jeopardize the security of many systems in transportation, finance, healthcare, etc. Since subtle...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detection of Hardware Attacks and Security-Oriented Design in IoT Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,718 Views
15 Pages

The automatic dependent surveillance broadcast (ADS-B) system is one of the key components of the next generation air transportation system (NextGen). ADS-B messages are transmitted in unencrypted plain text. This, however, causes significant securit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
7,112 Views
36 Pages

A Survey of Spoofer Detection Techniques via Radio Frequency Fingerprinting with Focus on the GNSS Pre-Correlation Sampled Data

  • Wenbo Wang,
  • Ignacio Aguilar Sanchez,
  • Gianluca Caparra,
  • Andy McKeown and ,
  • Tim Whitworth and
  • Elena Simona Lohan
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

25 April 2021

Radio frequency fingerprinting (RFF) methods are becoming more and more popular in the context of identifying genuine transmitters and distinguishing them from malicious or non-authorized transmitters, such as spoofers and jammers. RFF approaches hav...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue GNSS Sensors in Aerial Navigation)
  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,186 Views
12 Pages

Radio Frequency Fingerprinting (RFF) would be a promising Physical Layer Security (PLS) solution for the Internet of Things (IoT) that requires robust, low-overhead security techniques. However, practical implementation of RFF may pose challenges, in...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue RF and Millimeter-Wave Technologies for Next-Generation Wireless Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
7,929 Views
18 Pages

An Identity Authentication Method of a MIoT Device Based on Radio Frequency (RF) Fingerprint Technology

  • Qiao Tian,
  • Yun Lin,
  • Xinghao Guo,
  • Jin Wang and ,
  • Osama AlFarraj and
  • Amr Tolba
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

22 February 2020

With the continuous development of science and engineering technology, our society has entered the era of the mobile Internet of Things (MIoT). MIoT refers to the combination of advanced manufacturing technologies with the Internet of Things (IoT) to...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Security and Privacy in Wireless Sensor Network)
  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
7,251 Views
15 Pages

Radio Frequency Fingerprint-Based Intelligent Mobile Edge Computing for Internet of Things Authentication

  • Songlin Chen,
  • Hong Wen,
  • Jinsong Wu,
  • Aidong Xu and ,
  • Yixin Jiang,
  • Huanhuan Song and
  • Yi Chen
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

19 August 2019

In this paper, a light-weight radio frequency fingerprinting identification (RFFID) scheme that combines with a two-layer model is proposed to realize authentications for a large number of resource-constrained terminals under the mobile edge computin...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green, Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,266 Views
22 Pages

2 September 2025

Radio frequency (RF) fingerprinting, as an emerging physical layer security technology, demonstrates significant potential in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) security. However, most existing methods operate under a ‘closed-set’ assu...

(This article belongs to the Section Internet of Things)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,907 Views
15 Pages

Internet of Things (IoT) technology is widely used in new power systems, and it also provides many new modes for network attacks. Illegal terminal device identification is also a significant topic in the field of wireless authentication technology. S...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precise Timing and Security in Internet of Things)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,284 Views
22 Pages

Device-Free Localization and Identification Using Sub-GHz Passive Radio Mapping

  • Stijn Denis,
  • Abdil Kaya,
  • Rafael Berkvens and
  • Maarten Weyn

5 September 2020

The research domain of device-free localization (DFL) is centered on the study of localization techniques which do not require targets to wear any kind of device. Passive radio mapping or passive fingerprinting is an example of a training-based DFL t...

(This article belongs to the Section Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering)
  • Data Descriptor
  • Open Access
17 Citations
8,238 Views
13 Pages

17 February 2020

This is a data descriptor paper for a set of raw GNSS signals collected via roof antennas and Spectracom simulator for general-purpose uses. We give one example of possible data use in the context of Radio Frequency Fingerprinting (RFF) studies for s...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data from Smartphones and Wearables)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,724 Views
25 Pages

4 October 2024

As the development of low-altitude economies and aerial countermeasures continues, the safety of unmanned aerial vehicles becomes increasingly critical, making emitter identification in remote sensing practices more essential. Effective recognition o...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Signal Processing Theory and Methods in Remote Sensing (Second Edition))
  • Data Descriptor
  • Open Access
267 Views
23 Pages

IridiumRF-MR: A Multi-Receiver One-Dimensional I/Q Dataset for Specific Emitter Identification of LEO Satellites

  • Jiarong Duan,
  • Yuhang Zheng,
  • Bo Zang,
  • Ke Wang and ,
  • Meng Jia and
  • Yi Zhang
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

11 October 2026

Aiming at the lack of publicly available datasets of satellite Specific Emitter Identification (SEI) and the problem of insufficient data under multi-receiver conditions, this paper constructs a multi-receiver one-dimensional I/Q dataset for Iridium...

(This article belongs to the Section Cross Data)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,414 Views
20 Pages

An Adaptive Deep Ensemble Learning for Specific Emitter Identification

  • Peng Shang,
  • Lishu Guo,
  • Decai Zou,
  • Xue Wang and ,
  • Pengfei Liu and
  • Shuaihe Gao
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

9 October 2025

Specific emitter identification (SEI), which classifies radio transmitters by extracting hardware-intrinsic radio frequency fingerprints (RFFs), faces critical challenges in noise robustness, generalization under limited training data and class imbal...

(This article belongs to the Section Electronic Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,063 Views
17 Pages

A Low-Latency Approach for RFF Identification in Open-Set Scenarios

  • Bo Zhang,
  • Tao Zhang,
  • Yuanyuan Ma,
  • Zesheng Xi and ,
  • Chuan He,
  • Yunfan Wang and
  • Zhuo Lv
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

Radio frequency fingerprint (RFF) identification represents a promising technique for lightweight device authentication. However, current research on RFF primarily focuses on the close-set recognition assumption. Moreover, the high computational comp...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precise Timing and Security in Internet of Things)
  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
6,980 Views
22 Pages

11 January 2019

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are now readily available worldwide and users can easily fly them remotely using smart controllers. This has created the problem of keeping unauthorized UAVs away from private or sensitive areas where they can be a per...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,781 Views
17 Pages

19 June 2020

With the increasing demand for intelligent traffic management and road network intelligent information services, the vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) combined with information of air, space and ground have outstanding advantages in coverage, reliab...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human-Centered Computing and Information Security: Recent Advances & Intelligent Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,739 Views
15 Pages

Bluetooth Device Identification Using RF Fingerprinting and Jensen-Shannon Divergence

  • Rene Francisco Santana-Cruz,
  • Martin Moreno-Guzman,
  • César Enrique Rojas-López,
  • Ricardo Vázquez-Morán and
  • Rubén Vázquez-Medina

24 February 2024

The proliferation of radio frequency (RF) devices in contemporary society, especially in the fields of smart homes, Internet of Things (IoT) gadgets, and smartphones, underscores the urgent need for robust identification methods to strengthen cyberse...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Security, Cybercrime, and Digital Forensics for the IoT)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,082 Views
23 Pages

19 October 2023

To improve communication stability, more wireless devices transmit multi-modal signals while operating. The term ‘modal’ refers to signal waveforms or signal types. This poses challenges to traditional specific emitter identification (SEI...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Based Security and Privacy for IoT Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
5,376 Views
31 Pages

7 October 2022

Deep learning (DL)-based specific emitter identification (SEI) technique can automatically extract radio frequency (RF) fingerprint features in RF signals to distinguish between legal and illegal devices and enhance the security of wireless network....

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Internet of Things (IoT) Remote Sensing)
  • Review
  • Open Access
32 Citations
10,210 Views
38 Pages

A Comprehensive Survey on Deep Learning-Based LoRa Radio Frequency Fingerprinting Identification

  • Aqeel Ahmed,
  • Bruno Quoitin,
  • Alexander Gros and
  • Veronique Moeyaert

8 July 2024

LoRa enables long-range communication for Internet of Things (IoT) devices, especially those with limited resources and low power requirements. Consequently, LoRa has emerged as a popular choice for numerous IoT applications. However, the security of...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data Protection and Privacy in Industry 4.0 Era)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,947 Views
21 Pages

Fine-Grained Radio Frequency Fingerprint Recognition Network Based on Attention Mechanism

  • Yulan Zhang,
  • Jun Hu,
  • Rundong Jiang,
  • Zengrong Lin and
  • Zengping Chen

27 December 2023

With the rapid development of the internet of things (IoT), hundreds of millions of IoT devices, such as smart home appliances, intelligent-connected vehicles, and wearable devices, have been connected to the network. The open nature of IoT makes it...

(This article belongs to the Section Signal and Data Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
5,572 Views
21 Pages

Considerations for Radio Frequency Fingerprinting across Multiple Frequency Channels

  • Jose A. Gutierrez del Arroyo,
  • Brett J. Borghetti and
  • Michael A. Temple

9 March 2022

Radio Frequency Fingerprinting (RFF) is often proposed as an authentication mechanism for wireless device security, but application of existing techniques in multi-channel scenarios is limited because prior models were created and evaluated using bur...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radio Frequency Machine Learning (RFML) Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,201 Views
17 Pages

Radio Frequency Fingerprinting (RFF) refers to the technique for identifying and classifying wireless devices on the basis of their physical characteristics, which appear in the digital signal transmitted in space. Small differences in the radio freq...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Security and Privacy for Modern Wireless Communication Systems, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,588 Views
17 Pages

Composite Ensemble Learning Framework for Passive Drone Radio Frequency Fingerprinting in Sixth-Generation Networks

  • Muhammad Usama Zahid,
  • Muhammad Danish Nisar,
  • Adnan Fazil,
  • Jihyoung Ryu and
  • Maqsood Hussain Shah

29 August 2024

The rapid evolution of drone technology has introduced unprecedented challenges in security, particularly concerning the threat of unconventional drone and swarm attacks. In order to deal with threats, drones need to be classified by intercepting the...

(This article belongs to the Section Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,580 Views
20 Pages

13 August 2024

With the rapid development of the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) industry, there is increasing demand for UAV surveillance technology. Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) provides accurate monitoring of UAVs. However, the system canno...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical-Layer Security in Drone Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
4,458 Views
10 Pages

19 March 2020

Radio frequency fingerprinting (RFF) is one of the communication network’s security techniques based on the identification of the unique features of RF transient signals. However, extracting these features could be burdensome, due to the nonsta...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensor Networks)
  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
185 Views
15 Pages

Testing Bluetooth Signals for Device Identification Using Neural Network

  • Martin Pap,
  • Bálint Dugár,
  • Balázs Lukács and
  • Lilik Ferenc

13 October 2026

In an era where IT security has paramount importance, the identification of devices holds a significance comparable to that of individuals. With the pervasive adoption of wireless technology, understanding the informational content within wireless da...

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The Sustainable Mobility and Transportation Symposium 2026)
  • Review
  • Open Access
25 Citations
5,904 Views
49 Pages

29 August 2023

Initially introduced almost thirty years ago for the express purpose of providing electronic warfare systems the capabilities to detect, characterize, and identify radar emitters, Specific Emitter Identification (SEI) has recently received a lot of a...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue IoT-Based Systems for Safe and Secure Smart Cities)
  • Article
  • Open Access
597 Views
21 Pages

Radio-frequency (RF) emitter recognition is a physical-layer tool for wireless security, but recognition accuracy often degrades when the acquisition domain changes. A deployed receiver must also reject unseen emitters and later register novel identi...

(This article belongs to the Section Microwave and Wireless Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
892 Views
31 Pages

19 May 2026

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) identification in edge environments requires both high classification accuracy and efficient real-time deployment on lightweight hardware. This study presents LUMEN, a Lightweight UAV Multi-Enhanced Network designed for...

(This article belongs to the Section Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,315 Views
14 Pages

Machine Learning and Deep Learning-Based Multi-Attribute Physical-Layer Authentication for Spoofing Detection in LoRaWAN

  • Azita Pourghasem,
  • Raimund Kirner,
  • Athanasios Tsokanos,
  • Iosif Mporas and
  • Alexios Mylonas

6 February 2025

The use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in critical applications such as environmental monitoring, smart agriculture, and industrial automation has created significant security concerns, particularly due to the broadcasting nature of wireless comm...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Telecommunications Mobile Networks)
  • Letter
  • Open Access
16 Citations
6,218 Views
10 Pages

15 March 2017

Specific emitter identification (SEI) techniques are often used in civilian and military spectrum-management operations, and they are also applied to support the security and authentication of wireless communication. In this letter, a new SEI method...

(This article belongs to the Section Information Theory, Probability and Statistics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,215 Views
26 Pages

Evaluation of Confusion Behaviors in SEI Models

  • Brennan Olds,
  • Ethan Maas and
  • Alan J. Michaels

27 June 2025

Radio Frequency Machine Learning (RFML) has in recent years become a popular method for performing a variety of classification tasks on received signals. Among these tasks is Specific Emitter Identification (SEI), which seeks to associate a received...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Enabling Wireless Spectrum Access)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,897 Views
22 Pages

4 April 2025

Specific emitter identification (SEI) methods based on deep learning (DL) have effectively addressed complex, multi-dimensional signal recognition tasks by leveraging deep neural networks. However, this advancement introduces challenges such as model...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Remote Sensing and Electromagnetic Spectrum Sensing: Data Acquisition and Signal Processing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,046 Views
25 Pages

Signal Preprocessing for Enhanced IoT Device Identification Using Support Vector Machine

  • Rene Francisco Santana-Cruz,
  • Martin Moreno,
  • Daniel Aguilar-Torres,
  • Román Arturo Valverde-Domínguez and
  • Rubén Vázquez-Medina

Device identification based on radio frequency fingerprinting is widely used to improve the security of Internet of Things systems. However, noise and acquisition inconsistencies in raw radio frequency signals can affect the effectiveness of classifi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Task Offloading and Resource Allocation for IoT in Next-Generation Networking)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,056 Views
19 Pages

Practical Cross-Layer Radio Frequency-Based Authentication Scheme for Internet of Things

  • Arie Haenel,
  • Yoram Haddad,
  • Maryline Laurent and
  • Zonghua Zhang

11 June 2021

The Internet of Things world is in need of practical solutions for its security. Existing security mechanisms for IoT are mostly not implemented due to complexity, budget, and energy-saving issues. This is especially true for IoT devices that are bat...

(This article belongs to the Section Internet of Things)

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