47 Results Found

During the late 20th century, imprisonment rates in the United States saw unprecedented growth, leading correctional systems across the country to face widespread overcrowding and underfunding. Subsequently, policy makers sought out alternatives to i...

This study aims to assess the impact of work on managers, specialists, and probation officers in Türkiye. The research seeks to enhance understanding of how work life affects personnel and to propose policy recommendations from a social work per...

This study presents the first nationwide, system-level investigation of occupational stress and professional burnout among probation counselors in Romania, in the context of increasing caseloads, complex job demands and limited institutional support....

The current article examined the relationship between preferred styles of coping with stress and occupational burnout among probation officers in Poland. The probation system in Poland is unique in comparison to similar organizations in Europe and th...

The criminal justice system routinely imposes financial sanctions on probation clients. These fines, fees, and restitution debts often amount to more than what many clients can reasonably afford to pay. Until recently, Massachusetts courts have incar...

Prior literature on judicial decision-making post-sentencing is relatively scarce, yet with the growth of problem-solving courts and offenders placed on probation, judges are responsible for overseeing compliance of offenders beyond traditional decis...

Background: This cross-sectional study compared immunoassay urine drug screening with LC–MS/MS confirmation in individuals with substance use disorder undergoing probation monitoring, focusing on samples with results close to assay cutoff value...

The Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM) is based on the triarchic psychopathy model proposed by Patrick, Fowles, and Krueger in 2009. This paper assesses the convergent validity of TriPM using a number of measures for a sample of adolescents who ar...

Despite decades of both macro- and micro-level studies showing immigration to be unassociated or negatively linked to crime, research examining the consequences of justice system contact among immigrants has been comparatively underdeveloped. The cur...

Upper body (UB) strength is important for occupational tasks and injury prevention in law enforcement officers (LEOs). Portable, reliable, and cost-effective assessments are needed to examine UB strength among LEOs in field settings. The purpose of t...

This article introduces a novel methodological framework—the “spatial reading of inventories”—to reconstruct domestic interiors in seventeenth-century Amsterdam. By integrating probate inventories with architectural floor plan...

This article presents findings from a pilot that tested a novel “client network audit” approach, designed to enhance supervision by mapping social networks through structured input from frontline practitioners. Adapting the group audit me...

The criminological approach to relapse is based, on the one hand, on the theories that explain the risk of relapse, including the risk level assessment tools, and on the other hand, on the rehabilitation theories—the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR...

Deaths from natural causes (e.g., cardiovascular disease, respiratory illness, and cancers) are increasing in prisons in England and Wales. Many are believed to be avoidable and related to prisoner premature mortality. The circumstances around each d...

HM Inspectorate of Probation is committed to building and utilising the evidence base for high-quality youth justice services, and to promoting excellence and having a positive impact upon those inspected and the wider sector. Research evidence and i...

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a ten-week yoga exercise program, implemented for probation employees, on psychological characteristics, cognitive distortions, communication skills, and intolerance of uncertainty. The Cognitive Distortion...

Contemporary retroactive tests for testamentary capacity subvert individual autonomy, functionally reducing will-writing to a system of de factoforced heirship and fueling unconstructive litigation. Testamentary intention and property are driven by t...

Correctional service employees in Ontario, Canada (n = 1487) began an online survey available from 2017 to 2018 designed to assess the prevalence and correlates of mental health challenges. Participants who provided data for the current study (n = 10...

Growing evidence on the collateral consequences of youth incarceration, combined with increased attention to developmentally appropriate and trauma-informed care, has advanced national reform efforts aimed at rethinking youth confinement. While atten...

The study aimed to investigate the psychological and physiological effects of forest therapy programs on adolescents under probation. Fifty probationary teenagers from the Ministry of Gyeonggi Justice Compliance Support Center participated in the stu...

According to data from 2021, Turkey has the highest incarceration rate among European countries. The probation system in Turkey is managed by the government and includes programs, resources, and services to help prevent individuals from engaging in c...

In this paper, we present CENTERA, a CENtralized Trust-based Efficient Routing protocol with an appropriate authentication scheme for wireless sensor networks (WSN). CENTERA utilizes the more powerful base station (BS) to gather minimal neighbor trus...

Objective: Approximately 260,000 of youth in the United States are gang-affiliated. There is a paucity of data available to identify the prevalence of mental health disorders in this population. Gang members share many of the features of “at risk” o...

(1) Background: The one general psychopathology (p Factor) theory asserts that a superordinate dimensional construct encompasses underlying forms of psychopathology, but the theory has limited empirical linkages to criminology. (2) Methods: We utiliz...

The COVID-19 pandemic did not only change how we work with others and deliver public services, but also our very way of living. Furthermore, the way we view and experience conflict and violence will never be the same. Therefore, changes anticipated i...

In this article, we introduce a new algorithm-based scheme titled asymptotic homotopy perturbation method (AHPM) for simulation purposes of non-linear and linear differential equations of non-integer and integer orders. AHPM is extended for numerical...

This study identifies the correlates of legal financial obligation (LFO) debt repayment among persons sentenced to probation and transferred to a specialized collections unit. Using bivariate tests and logistic regression, results indicate that start...

“The knock” refers to the moment when the police first arrive at a house to investigate suspected sexual offending by a member of that family. This paper examines the levels of trauma, wellbeing and crisis support for partners, both at th...

This paper reports the effects of different formulas on the performance of waterborne polyurethane (WPU), including two-component WPU and curing agent, wetting dispersant, defoaming agent, and wetting agent. The optimization of rheological additives...

A mom walks up to the District Attorney’s desk in the Justice of the Peace Court with a total of six tickets as a result of her low-income children’s truancy, three in her name and one for each of her three children. She faces the possibi...

The permanence of slave labour until the 16th century was a lasting legacy of the late feudal colonization of the Mallorca Island. Through a large set of probate inventories and accounting books, we have documented the use of a great deal of slaves i...

Supported housing services provide help to some of the most vulnerable in society, yet across the world face increasing pressures from residualisation in the form of service reduction and stretched budgets. In response to these challenges, providers...

This article is concerned with the tenure track (TT) model, which has become increasingly used to extend the period of early career academics’ probation from one to five years across the EU. This article focuses on the TT in Trinity College Dub...

This paper examines the role of regional airports in regional and municipal crisis preparedness based on evidence from a case study in Sweden. During the summer of 2018, Sweden experienced some of the most extensive wildfires in modern time. Aerial s...

We propose a new approach for railway path diagnostics on the basis of track line stress–strain analysis using the data provided by high-precision accelerometers. This type of sensor provides sufficient accuracy with lower costs, and enables th...

Background and objectives: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) does not only have a complex pathophysiological evolution with central and peripheral mechanisms. This study aimed to monitor the neuropsychiatric part of IBS and its management, following the...

Recidivism following release from prison in Switzerland: Validity of HCR-20. Background: The HCR-20 is a risk assessment instrument developed in Canada whose validity has been shown in several studies of patients in forensic settings. However, only a...

Understanding the genetic architecture of drought tolerance is of great importance for overcoming the negative impact of drought on wheat yield. Earlier, we discovered the critical role of chromosome 2A for the drought-tolerant status of wheat spring...

This paper presents and implements a novel remote attestation method to ensure the integrity of a device applicable to decentralized infrastructures, such as those found in common edge computing scenarios. Edge computing can be considered as a framew...

Early-life establishment of the gut microbiota plays a role in lifelong health, with disruptions linked to heightened risks of metabolic and immune disorders. Probiotic supplementation may be used to modulate the infant gut microbiome to promote favo...

Juvenile delinquency is a significant nationwide problem in the United States. A “school-to-prison pipeline” has been posited as a common pathway to youth court-involvement, stemming from policies that endorse youth arrest as an appropria...

Within the confinements of critical infrastructures, the COVID-19 pandemic is posing a series of challenges to Health Management. In the spotlight of highly contagious and quick spreading diseases within such enclosed facilities, whether it be a dete...

Background: Work-related violence and threats are major problems in many occupations, especially within the human service sector, with consequences at multiple levels, including reduced physical and mental health, increased absenteeism, and reduced o...

Labour migration is a global trend that shapes communities and economies around the world. Growing economic migration carries a specific threat to children and youth. Long-term consequences threaten life outcomes such as educational achievement, care...

Globally, 1–3% of the population has an intellectual disability, but some remain undiagnosed, resulting in limited access to essential health and social care services, poor health outcomes, and higher risks of homelessness, substance abuse, and...

For coverage optimization in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with a fixed number of sensor nodes and a fixed sensing radius, the standard Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) provides a three-leader search framework, but its conventional position-update mechani...

Contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) spread across a wide range of organic product compounds. As biorecalcitrants, their removal from conventional wastewater treatment systems remains a herculean task. To address this issue, heterogenous solar dr...