Exploring the Systemic Causes of Adverse Childhood Experiences

A special issue of Social Sciences (ISSN 2076-0760). This special issue belongs to the section "Childhood and Youth Studies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 10917

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Social Work, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
Interests: participatory action research; digital storytelling; minoritized youth; economic disadvantage; under-resourced communities

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; child maltreatment, household dysfunction) occur in children across all races/ethnicities and income levels. However, minoritized children (e.g., black, Indigenous, and people of color/global majority) often cope with additional adversities within their social ecologies due to systemic inequality. Most research on ACEs has focused on micro-level factors within a child’s family (e.g., parental divorce and child abuse). Additionally, research on ACEs generally consists of the prevalence of ACEs and/or considers ACEs as predictors, most commonly of behavioral health indicators, with limited attention given to environmental causes. Although studies on ACEs have expanded to examine how children interact with their environments, research addressing upstream factors (i.e., system inequality) that raise the risk for ACEs among children is limited. We need to expand the research on the causes of ACEs (e.g., racism, neighborhood violence, and poverty) and go beyond studies on the effects of ACEs on a person. We must explore the salience of place and why higher-risk conditions exist and address the drivers of inequities that increase the risk of ACEs.

We are interested in research that examines how systemic inequality impacts children’s lives to better understand the relationship among the access to resources, high-risk environments, and ACEs. Examples may include experiences of discrimination, exposure to natural disasters, financial hardship, residential instability, forced migration, exposure to victimization, or witnessing violence outside the home. Additionally, probing the broader geographic location (i.e., the socioeconomic and political context) is encouraged. Most ACE research has recruited samples from the U.S., followed by the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. We encourage the recruitment of samples from countries other than these to expand our understanding of the range of adversities experienced by children globally (e.g., war refugee experiences). In doing so, we aim to expand our knowledge of the social ecology and states of health and well-being of children in other countries.

Please submit your proposals and any questions to special issue guest editor Kim Anderson <> by 29 February 2024. Notification of acceptance will be provided by 15 March 2024. Final papers are due on 30 June 2024 for peer review.

Proposals should be one page in length and include a title, an abstract explaining its relevance to the Special Issue topic, a description of the population, and the methods used (if applicable). Also include author names and affiliations.

Prof. Dr. Kim Anderson
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • adverse childhood experiences
  • ACEs
  • childhood adversity
  • minoritized populations
  • systemic inequality
  • social inequities

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 783 KiB  
Article
Social Determinants of Health and Adverse Childhood Experiences: How Are These Intertwined to Determine Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Argentina?
by Yedith B. Guillén-Fernández
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(2), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14020068 - 28 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1262
Abstract
Argentina is one of the countries in the Latin American region with the highest incidence of childhood obesity. The incidence of childhood overweight and obesity among children under five years of age is approximately 15%, according to the 2022 MICS survey. Obesity is [...] Read more.
Argentina is one of the countries in the Latin American region with the highest incidence of childhood obesity. The incidence of childhood overweight and obesity among children under five years of age is approximately 15%, according to the 2022 MICS survey. Obesity is a nutritional disorder that is explained not only by biological factors but also by socioeconomic and family circumstances. The objective of this study is to investigate the factors and risks that determine childhood overweight and obesity in Argentine children under five years of age. To explain this, this article presents an integrative model of two theoretical frameworks, social determinants of health (SDH) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), called hereafter “IM-SDH-ACEs”, in order to understand how these determinants are related to influence childhood malnutrition. This study performs a Chi-square test to empirically corroborate that SDH and ACEs influence this type of weight disorder; thus, it is shown that socioeconomic status (SES) and age groups together with ACEs are factors associated with childhood overweight and obesity. Likewise, a multinomial logistic regression model is estimated, and the results show that the highest risks of suffering from overweight and obesity in childhood are the predictors of physical violence (PV) inflicted on the child as well as an interaction of the variables of deprivation in health care and a secondary education level of mothers or carers. It is concluded that a more inclusive social policy is required to reduce childhood obesity in Latin American societies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring the Systemic Causes of Adverse Childhood Experiences)
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13 pages, 328 KiB  
Article
Hope, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Resilience in the Criminal Justice System: Reevaluation of Relationships in the Turkish Context
by Burcu Ozturk, Kenan Sualp, Bercem Barut-Bektas and David Axlyn McLeod
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 553; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100553 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1573
Abstract
According to data from 2021, Turkey has the highest incarceration rate among European countries. The probation system in Turkey is managed by the government and includes programs, resources, and services to help prevent individuals from engaging in criminal activities. Hope is a crucial [...] Read more.
According to data from 2021, Turkey has the highest incarceration rate among European countries. The probation system in Turkey is managed by the government and includes programs, resources, and services to help prevent individuals from engaging in criminal activities. Hope is a crucial factor in coping with adversity, and studies have shown resilience can be the protector of those involved in the criminal justice system. Additionally, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can have a significant impact on future victimization and criminal behavior, as individuals with higher ACE scores are more likely to engage in criminal activities. This study was conducted among 107 individuals who were under probation in Turkey to examine the relationship between hope, resilience, and ACEs. The scores were analyzed using a regression model, and the results showed that ACEs did not notably moderate the relationship between hope and resilience. Additionally, having higher levels of hope or ACEs did not play a significant role in predicting the resilience of the individual, which contradicts the previous literature. The implications of these findings will be discussed in terms of cultural differences and the criminal justice system. Future studies should explore the impact of culture on the relationship between hope and resilience. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring the Systemic Causes of Adverse Childhood Experiences)
19 pages, 306 KiB  
Article
Returnees’ Perspectives of the Adverse Impact of Forced Displacement on Children
by Itunu O. Ilesanmi, Jasmine D. Haynes and Florence O. Ogundimu
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(9), 484; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13090484 - 12 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1977
Abstract
Conflict-related forced displacement, characterized by the experiences of witnessing violent acts, bombing, torture, separation, and the execution of family members, can severely and negatively impact a child’s social determinants of health (SDOH). These experiences are both direct and indirect forms of adverse childhood [...] Read more.
Conflict-related forced displacement, characterized by the experiences of witnessing violent acts, bombing, torture, separation, and the execution of family members, can severely and negatively impact a child’s social determinants of health (SDOH). These experiences are both direct and indirect forms of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and urgent attention is needed to understand the impact of forced displacement on children, who are a vulnerable group, and to develop interventions for all systems that influence the child. This phenomenological qualitative study involved in-depth interviews based on the experiences of returnees (n = 20), who are parents of children who experienced forced displacement. This study underscores the direct and indirect impacts of forced displacement on children, with two key themes identified from the data analysis, by concluding that forced displacement: (i) disrupts the positive SDOH of children, and (ii) children’s coping mechanisms are influenced by primary and secondary exposure to trauma. The direct effects are visible through the impact of forced displacement on children’s mental health as a result of exposure to traumatic material. In contrast, the indirect effects of forced displacement on children are influenced by its subsequential effect on their parents and their community. The study also illuminates systemic inequalities, with participants recommending steps that governmental and non-governmental bodies can take to address this phenomenon. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring the Systemic Causes of Adverse Childhood Experiences)
12 pages, 299 KiB  
Article
Unveiling Curriculum Shadows of Systemic Adversity among Black Youth: Pathways to Eliminate Anti-Black Macroaggressions in Schools
by Jasmine D. Haynes and Khalilah Louis Caines
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(9), 444; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13090444 - 26 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1495
Abstract
This conceptual review paper critiques the conventional conceptualization of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and its failure to recognize anti-Black aggressions as an ACE. The purpose of this conceptual review is to expand our understanding of ACEs and posit that curriculum violence, a form [...] Read more.
This conceptual review paper critiques the conventional conceptualization of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and its failure to recognize anti-Black aggressions as an ACE. The purpose of this conceptual review is to expand our understanding of ACEs and posit that curriculum violence, a form of anti-Black aggressions, manifests as an ACE for Black youth in schools. Using the anti-Black aggressions model, we illustrate how curriculum violence, perpetuated by educational policies, serves as a form of anti-Black aggression. We specifically examine recent anti-Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) education legislation as an anti-Black macroaggression and a systemic ACE. Additionally, we assert that anti-DEI education legislation can present as a risk factor for racial trauma among Black youth if not explicitly acknowledged by all stakeholders. Finally, we propose pathways to eliminate this anti-Black macroaggression in schools, emphasizing the need for systemic changes to address this form of adversity and racial trauma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring the Systemic Causes of Adverse Childhood Experiences)
22 pages, 630 KiB  
Article
The Mediating Effect of Post-Traumatic Growth on the Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Psychological Distress in Adults
by Sara Caetano and Henrique Pereira
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(5), 262; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13050262 - 13 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3291
Abstract
Background: Research has shown that Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are prevalent and are associated with psychological distress. Some studies indicate facing these adversities can lead to post-traumatic growth. This study aims to assess the impact of ACEs on psychological distress and post-traumatic growth [...] Read more.
Background: Research has shown that Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are prevalent and are associated with psychological distress. Some studies indicate facing these adversities can lead to post-traumatic growth. This study aims to assess the impact of ACEs on psychological distress and post-traumatic growth and to determine the mediating effect of post-traumatic growth between ACEs and psychological distress, in a sample of adults. Methods: In this study, there were 521 participants (mean = 31.32, SD = 12.28), who answered the following surveys online: a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Family ACE Questionnaire, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) and the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). Results: ACEs were positive and significant predictors of psychological distress, and the “Change in the perception of the self and life in general” factor of post-traumatic growth was the strongest predictor of lower perceived psychological distress. Post-traumatic growth did not mediate the relationship between ACEs and psychological distress. Conclusions: These findings contribute to the improvement of clinical practice and health policies and highlight the need for a more in-depth understanding of the impact of ACEs on mental health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring the Systemic Causes of Adverse Childhood Experiences)
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