158 Results Found

This article presents an experimental investigation of the flame characteristics of the gasoline pool fire. A series of experiments with different pool sizes and mixture contents were conducted to study the combustion behavior of pool fires in atmosp...

There is a large proportion of pool fire occurrence on the upper part of offshore platforms. In order to reduce the occurrence of fire disasters, the fire risk assessment of FPSOs should be carried out. According to the temperature characteristics of...

Refineries are industrial complexes of great economic importance which are located close to major cities. A pool fire accident that can occur from an oil leak combined with wind can result in disastrous consequences for such an industry. This study i...

The aim of this paper was to study the suppression influence of water mist on oil pool fires, taking diesel fires and n-heptane fires as experimental objects. The effects of spray pressure and temperature on water mist suppression were examined, and...

The pool fires that occur behind obstructions in a ventilated environment are very different from other wind-blown pool fires. The pool fire formed by fuel leakage in an engine nacelle is a typical example of a pool fire influenced by cross winds and...

Wind has a significant effect on pool fire behavior, which is relevant to many fire conditions, such as wildfires, building fires, and oil transportation fires. Although fire behavior and morphology changes have received considerable attention and be...

The OECD/NEA Spent Fuel Pool (SFP) project was conducted to investigate consequences of spent nuclear fuel pool accident scenarios. From the project, it was observed that cladding temperature could abruptly increase at a certain point and the claddin...

In the Republic of Korea, a new rocket launchpad was constructed to launch the KSLV-II on an island, and all the launchpad facilities are located in basement. Because of the complex and diverse facilities, fire accidents have increased. Using the FDS...

Numerical investigations have been carried out for a postulated enclosure fire scenario instigated due to methanol pool ignition in a chemical cleaning facility. The pool fire under consideration is radiation-dominated and poses a risk to the nearby...

A hazardous release accident taking place within the complex morphology of an urban setting could cause grave damage both to the population’s safety and to the environment. An unpredicted accident constitutes a complicated physical phenomenon w...

Storage tank fires can endanger society and the environment by generating intense heat radiation, rapidly spreading blazes, and cataclysmic explosions. Various types of foam and even two or more mixed foams are commonly used in storage tank fire disp...

In this study, the effects of discharge area and atomizing gas type in a twin-fluid atomizer on heptane pool fire-extinguishing performance were investigated under the heat release rate conditions of 1.17 and 5.23 kW in an enclosed chamber. Large and...

The objective of this work is to assess the accuracy and limitations of two different semi-empirical soot models: the Laminar Smoke Point (LSP) and soot-yield approach. A global soot formation model based on the LSP concept is embedded within FDS6.7....

Methanol/diesel hybrid−powered vessels represent a significant advancement in green and low−carbon innovation in the maritime transportation sector and have been widely adopted across various shipping markets. However, the dual−fuel...

Research Highlights: This experiment compares a range of combinations of harvest, prescribed fire, and wildfire. Leveraging a 30-year-old forest management-driven experiment, we explored the recovery of woody species composition, regeneration of the...

To address issues of detail loss, limited matching datasets, and low fusion accuracy in infrared/visible light fire image fusion, a novel method based on the Generative Adversarial Network of Wavelet-Guided Pooling Vision Transformer (VTW-GAN) is pro...

A fire accident in an urban environment can result in injuries or death, as well as environmental and property damages. The ‘street canyon’, which is defined as an urban street with tall buildings on both sides, is an important geometric...

Mountain photovoltaic (PV) power stations cover vast areas and contain dense equipment. Once direct current arc faults occur in PV modules, they can pose a serious thermal threat to surrounding facilities and combustible materials, potentially result...

Compared to longitudinal ventilation, there are few studies on fire source development under semi-transverse ventilation. This work studied the influence of semi-transverse ventilation on the combustion characteristics of fire sources in a scaled tun...

A compressed-gas fire extinguishing experiment was carried out to analyze the impact of gas-liquid flow ratio, liquid flow rate and driving pressure on the fire suppression efficiency of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) in a diesel pool fire, and a p...

Assessments of subway train fires were conducted based on full-scale experiments and numerical simulations. The experimental platform and simulation model were established according to a real subway train in China. The results show that there was no...

Pool fires cause immense damage to fuel storage tank farms. Reduced fire escalation risk in tank farms improves fire safety. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has proven effective in assessing escalation of fire-related domino effects and is being u...

Fire safety of ancient wooden buildings is one of the most important issues in the world. In this paper, partition boards with different thicknesses from 15 to 25 mm were heated by a 15-cm-diameter pool fire and a methane Bunsen burner. The temperatu...

As the main reactor type of the fourth-generation nuclear power systems, sodium-cooled fast reactors are now designed and built worldwide. A sodium pool cooling circulation process is indispensable in a sodium-cooled fast reactor. However, the sodium...

This study presents an experimental investigation into the effects of fire size on burning characteristics within well-confined military vehicle engine compartments. The research evaluates burning duration, self-extinguishing phenomena, heat release...

The widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has elevated the importance of rigorous safety standards, particularly for fire resistance in post-crash scenarios. Existing testing protocols, such as Regulation No. 100, utilize petrol pool fires t...

In this paper, the adequacy of the legacy API 521 guidance on pressure relief valve (PRV) sizing for gas-filled vessels subjected to external fire is investigated. Multiple studies show that in many cases, the installation of a PRV offers little or n...

There are major problems in the field of image-based forest fire smoke detection, including the low recognition rate caused by the changeable and complex state of smoke in the forest environment and the high false alarm rate caused by various interfe...

In order to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality, the installed capacity of photovoltaic (PV) modules has been increasing rapidly. In particular, single-glass PV modules are widely deployed in both utility-scale and distributed PV power generation s...

This paper presents experimental findings on heat and mass transfer, phase transitions, and chemical reactions during the interaction of CO₂ hydrate in powder granules and tablets with burning liquid fuels and oil. The experiments involved CO₂ hydrat...

To prevent chemical accidents, the United States (US), the European Union (EU), and the Republic of Korea operate legal systems, such as risk management plans (RMP) and process safety management (PSM), to prevent chemical accidents inside and outside...

Pine-green moss forests on Podzols exhibit high susceptibility to fire. Subsequent to wildfire, soot and charcoal enter the soil profile and accumulate in the upper part of the podzolic horizon (E). This process results in the development of a greyin...

The temperature of zirconium alloy cladding on the postulated spent nuclear fuel pool complete loss of coolant accident is abruptly increased at a certain time and the cladding is almost fully oxidized to weak ZrO₂ in the air. This abrupt temperature...

Wind-blown pool fire accidents in a ventilated tunnel usually pose and present serious risks to properties and personal safety. In this paper, the flame characteristics and flow field changes of pool fires under the combined influence of baffles and...

Forest fires are a significant factor that affects the boreal forest carbon distribution which emits carbon into the atmosphere and leads to carbon redistribution among carbon pools. However, knowledge about how much carbon was transferred among pool...

Low-carbon chemical fires pose significant hazards, and remote sensing of high-temperature gas emissions from these fires is a critical method for identifying and assessing their environmental impact. Analyzing the spectral characteristics of gases p...

The forests of the boreal biome, which perform an important climate-regulating function, are the most susceptible to forest fires. An important task is to obtain quantitative estimates of carbon (C) losses of forest ecosystems under different fire da...

In recent years, tragedies caused by forest fires have been frequently reported. Forest fires not only result in significant economic losses but also cause environmental damage. The utilization of computer vision techniques and unmanned aerial vehicl...

The domino event caused by fire is one of the common accidents in hydrocarbon storage tank farms, which further expands the severity and scope of the accident. Due to the different failure sequence of the storage tanks in a domino accident, the radia...

Prescribed fire is an essential tool that is widely used for longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) stand management; periodic burning serves to reduce competition from woody shrubs and fire-intolerant trees and enhance herbaceous diversity. Low-inten...

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have many advantages (e.g., high voltage and long-life cycle) in comparison to other energy storage technologies (e.g., lead acid), resulting in their applicability in a wide variety of structures. Simultaneously, the the...

Existing experimental findings often prove insufficient for guiding the design of water mist fire extinguishing systems, primarily due to the multitude of interacting factors that influence extinguishing performance. This paper systematically synthes...

Understanding the recovery rate of forest carbon stocks and biodiversity after disturbance, including fire, is vital for developing effective climate-change-mitigation policies and actions. In this study, live and dead carbon stocks aboveground, belo...

To effectively manage the terrestrial firefighting fleet in a forest fire scenario, namely, to optimize its displacement in the field, it is crucial to have a well-structured and accurate mapping of rural roads. The landscape’s complexity, main...

This numerical study focuses on the fire phenomenology associated with the presence of a composite-type aircraft immersed, at one particular location and orientation, within a large aviation-fuel fire in a moving fluid medium. An extension of the edd...

This article focuses on using machine learning to predict the distance at which a chemical storage tank fire reaches a specified thermal radiation intensity. DNV’s Process Hazard Analysis Software Tool (PHAST) is used to simulate different scen...

A resilient building environment is crucial for securing sustainable development in urban areas, as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goal 11 stresses. In developing countries in particular, the risk of disasters is increasing due to the po...

The need for sustainable energy sources has recently promoted the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a low-carbon fuel. Although economic evaluations indicate the transportation of LNG as a convenient solution for long distances between markets an...

The design of passive fire protection is applied to minimize the domino effect when a liquid pool fire occurs due to the facilities inside a process plant. In general, the design of passive fire protection has been applied using the API RP 2218 guide...

To study the fire behavior of UHVDC (ultra-high-voltage direct current) converter transformers and the effectiveness of CAFs (compressed air foams) in suppressing fires, a full-scale model of a 220 kV converter transformer fire was constructed. The m...