Segmentation of regions of interest is an important pre-processing step in many colour image analysis procedures. Similarly, segmentation of plant objects in digital images is an important preprocessing step for effective phenotyping by image analysi...
Underwater detection has always been a challenge due to the limitations caused by scattering and absorption in the underwater environment. Because of their great penetration abilities, lasers have become the most suitable technology for underwater de...
Support vector machine (SVM) algorithms have been widely utilized in the remote sensing community due to their high performance with small training datasets. While previous research has indicated that incorporating mixed pixels into training can enha...
Mapping high-spatial-resolution surface water bodies in urban and suburban areas is crucial in understanding the spatial distribution of surface water. Although Sentinel-2 images are popular in mapping water bodies, they are impacted by the mixed-pix...
CMOS image sensor (CIS) semiconductor products are integral to mobile phones and photographic devices, necessitating ongoing enhancements in efficiency and quality for superior photographic outcomes. The presence of white pixels serves as a crucial m...
When a positron annihilates, two gamma photons are created with orthogonal polarizations. It is possible to use coincidence measurements where both photons undergo Compton scattering to estimate their initial relative polarization orientation. This i...
This study presents a reconfigurable optical convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture that integrates a crossbar switch network into a smart-pixel-based optical CNN (SPOCNN) framework. The SPOCNN leverages smart pixel light modulators (SPLMs),...
(1) Background: The use of multiscale prediction or the optimal scaling of predictors can enhance soil maps by applying pixel size in digital soil mapping (DSM). (2) Methods: A total of 200, 50, and 129 surface soil samples (0–30 cm) were colle...
Spectral unmixing remains the most popular method for estimating the composition of mixed pixels. However, the spectral-based unmixing method cannot easily distinguish vegetation with similar spectral characteristics (e.g., different forest tree spec...
Following the decommissioning of the Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search (MINOS) experiment, muon and hadron monitors have emerged as vital diagnostic tools for the NuMI Off-axis
Background/Objectives: Marker-based motion capture remains widely used for lower limb kinematics due to its high precision, although its application is often constrained by elevated operational costs and the requirement for controlled laboratory envi...
Hydrazonylsulfones such as Bt-NHNHSO2R and their iminotautomers have been studied as optical materials and for their biological potential. In this work, a structural study has been carried out on N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-(halogenobenzenesulfonyl)-...
Recently, texture features have been widely used for historical document image analysis. However, few studies have focused exclusively on feature selection algorithms for historical document image analysis. Indeed, an important need has emerged to us...
When viewing Earth’s surfaces from a low Earth orbiting (LEO) satellite platform with an optical sensor, the upward light propagation path from the ground to the satellite is affected by atmospheric refraction. For imaging sensors with a spatia...
Cloud contamination has largely limited the application of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) normalized difference snow index (NDSI). Here, a novel gap-filling method based on spatial-temporal similar pixel interpolation was pr...
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the foremost cause of blindness in people with diabetes worldwide, and early diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. Unfortunately, the present DR screening method requires the skill of ophthalmologists and is tim...
The optical image sub-pixel correlation (SPC) technique is an important method for monitoring large-scale surface deformation. RapidEye images, distinguished by their short revisit period and high spatial resolution, are crucial data sources for moni...
Coastal dunes provide the hinterland with natural protection from marine dynamics. The specialized plant species that constitute dune vegetation communities are descriptive of the dune evolution status, which in turn reveals the ongoing coastal dynam...
A rapid mapping of landslides following a disaster is important for coordinating emergency response and limiting rescue delays. A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can provide a solution even in harsh weather and at night, due to its independence of wea...
Linear spectral mixture analysis (SMA) is commonly used to infer fractional vegetation cover (FVC), especially for pixel dichotomy models. However, several sources of uncertainty including normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) saturation and...
Urban surface energy fluxes are closely associated with land-cover types (LCTs) and critical biophysical compositions. This study aims to assess the contribution of LCTs, vegetation fractional coverage (VFC) and percentage of impervious surface area...
Determining vegetation variation and its influential factors in a desert steppe under the impacts of climate change and human activities is crucial and meaningful for improving the understanding of desertification and taking targeted measures in ecol...
We present a novel method to assess the variations in protein expression and spatial heterogeneity of tumor biopsies with application in computational pathology. This was done using different antigen stains for each tissue section and proceeding with...
In active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays, conventional pixel circuits that compensate for the non-uniformity of the threshold voltage (VT) of low-temperature polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (TFTs) can hardly compe...
Pixel Offset Tracking (POT) for optical imagery is a widely used method for extracting large-scale ground deformation. However, the influence of imaging parameters on the measurement accuracy of POT is still unclear. In this study, based on 16 pairs...
As a sensitive indicator of climate change, mountain glacier dynamics are of great concern, but the ice motion pattern of an entire glacier surface cannot be accurately and efficiently generated by the use of only phase-based or intensity-based metho...
With the general objective of producing a 2018–2020 Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) map of the Maiella National Park (central Italy), useful for a future long-term LULC change analysis, this research aimed to develop a Landsat 8 (L8) data composition and...
Existing scanning laser three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology has slow measurement speed. In addition, the measurement accuracy of non-scanning laser 3D imaging technology based on area array detectors is limited by the resolution and response fr...
The compounds I (Z)-2-(phenyl)-3-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile with one side (2,4,5-MeO-), one symmetrical (2Z,2′Z)-2,2′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(3-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile), II (both sides with (2,4,5-MeO-), and three positional isome...
Beijing Satellite 3 is a high-performance optical remote sensing satellite with a spatial resolution of 0.3–0.5 m. It can provide timely and independent ultra-high-resolution spatial big data and comprehensive spatial information application se...
We explore the integration of smart pixel light modulators (SPLMs) into bidirectional optical neural networks (BONNs), highlighting their advantages over traditional spatial light modulators (SLMs). SPLMs enhance BONN performance by enabling faster l...
The present work deals with a 10 × 10 array of (Lu0.7Y0.3)AP:Ce 2 × 2 × 10 mm3 pixels, manufactured by Crytur (Cz), that has been utilized in a previous paper. The crystal-array has been coupled to an 8 × 8 anodes H10966 model Hamamatsu (Jp) Position...
The smart-pixel-based optical convolutional neural network was proposed to improve kernel refresh rates in scalable optical convolutional neural networks (CNNs) by replacing the spatial light modulator with a smart pixel light modulator while preserv...
Currently, the field of transparent image analysis has gradually become a hot topic. However, traditional analysis methods are accompanied by large amounts of carbon emissions, and consumes significant manpower and material resources. The continuous...
Infrared image sensors are crucial across various industries. However, with technological advancements, the growing scale of infrared image sensors has made the impact of transient dose rate effects increasingly significant. It is necessary to conduc...
In the following decade(s), a set of satellite missions carrying thermal infrared (TIR) imagers with a relatively high noise equivalent differential temperature (NEdT) are expected, e.g., the high resolution TIR imagers flying on the future Thermal i...
This paper demonstrates the impact of 3D effects on performance parameters in small-sized Time Delay Integration (TDI) image sensor pixels. In this paper, 2D and 3D simulation models of 3.5 μm × 3.5 μm small-sized TDI pixels were construc...
Per-pixel and sub-pixel are two common classification methods in land cover studies. The characteristics of a landscape, particularly the land cover itself, can affect the accuracies of both methods. The objectives of this study were to: (1) compare...
A submicron pixel’s light and dark performance were studied by experiment and simulation. An advanced node technology incorporated with a stacked CMOS image sensor (CIS) is promising in that it may enhance performance. In this work, we demonstrated a...
Pixel-based and object-based classifications are two commonly used approaches in extracting land cover information from remote sensing images. However, they each have their own inherent merits and limitations. This study, therefore, proposes a new cl...
This paper presents a high full well capacity (FWC) CMOS image sensor (CIS) for space applications. The proposed pixel design effectively increases the FWC without inducing overflow of photo-generated charge in a limited pixel area. An MOS capacitor...
The increasing use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has brought about a significant transformation in numerous fields, such as image categorization and identification. In the development of a CNN model to classify images of sericea lespedeza [...
This work presents an artificial intelligence technique to minimise path planning computer processing time for successful GMA-DED 3D printings. An advanced version of the Pixel space-filling-based strategy family is proposed and developed, using, ori...
In studies involving the extraction of surface physical parameters using optical remote sensing satellite imagery, sun-sensor geometry must be known, especially for sensor viewing angles. However, while pixel-by-pixel acquisitions of sensor viewing a...
As an important land-surface parameter, vegetation phenology has been estimated from observations by various satellite-borne sensors with substantially different spatial resolutions, ranging from tens of meters to several kilometers. The inconsistenc...
In order to locate forest fire smoke more precisely and expand existing forest fire monitoring methods, this research employed Himawari-8 data with a sub-pixel positioning concept in smoke detection. In this study, Himawari-8 data of forest fire smok...
Reliable estimates of savanna vegetation constituents (i.e., woody and herbaceous vegetation) are essential as they are both responders and drivers of global change. The savanna is a highly heterogenous biome with high variability in land cover types...
The past decades have seen an increasing demand for operational monitoring of crop conditions and food production at local to global scales. To properly use satellite Earth observation for such agricultural monitoring, high temporal revisit frequenc...
The micro-deformation monitoring radar is usually based on Permanent Scatterer (PS) technology to realize deformation inversion. When the region is continuously monitored for a long time, the radar image amplitude and pixel variance will change signi...
Reconstructing normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series datasets is essential for monitoring long-term changes in terrestrial vegetation. Here, a temporal–spatial iteration (TSI) method was developed to estimate the NDVIs of contamin...
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