Optical non-invasive diagnostic methods and equipment are used today in many medical disciplines. However, there is still no generally accepted and unifying engineering theory of such systems. Today, they are developed most empirically and do not alw...
Background: Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is considered one of the premalignant lesions for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), for which the five-year disease-free survival rate may vary widely. There has emerged in recent years, therefore, a sig...
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables three-dimensional imaging with resolution on the micrometer scale. The technique relies on the time-of-flight gated detection of light scattered from a sample and has received enormous interest in applicatio...
Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is an uncommon adenocarcinoma of apocrine gland-rich areas, presenting significant diagnostic challenges due to its nonspecific clinical appearance and frequent misidentification as benign, inflammatory skin conditio...
The paper presents the results of experimental measurements of endogenous fluorescence and blood perfusion in patients with pathology of the organs of hepatopancreatoduodenal area in vivo. A custom setup combining channels for fluorescence spectrosco...
Until now, the clinical differentiation between a nevus and a melanoma is still challenging in some cases. Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is a new tool with the aim to change that. The aim of the study was to evaluate LC-OC...
Background: This paper demonstrates the use of optical diagnostic methods to assess the dynamic skin changes observed in acute and chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in vivo. Methods: Firstly, in order to initiate photoaging (chronic UV e...
It is known that actinic keratoses (AKs) can progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The histological PRO grading of AKs is based on the growth pattern of basal keratinocytes and relates to their progression risk. AKs can be non-invasivel...
In this article, we introduce a new method of signal processing and data analysis for the digital laser Doppler flowmetry. Our approach is based on the calculation of cumulative sums over the registered Doppler power spectra. The introduced new param...
(1) Background: The purpose of this paper is to report the data of the first study in a Clinical Research Hospital, in the Transylvania region, focusing on the Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) measurements in the early stages of...
Coronary heart disease (CHD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) pose significant health risks and require accurate diagnostic tools to assess the severity and progression of the diseases. Traditional diagnostic methods have limitations in providing detaile...
Along with the rising melanoma incidence in recent decades and bad prognoses resulting from late diagnoses, distinguishing between benign and malignant melanocytic lesions has become essential. Unclear cases may require the aid of non-invasive imagin...
Diagnosing clinically unclear basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) can be challenging. Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is able to display morphological features of BCC subtypes with good histological correlation. The aim of this stu...
Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, with increasing incidence. Skin cancer is typically classified as melanoma or non-melanoma skin cancer. Although melanoma is less common than basal or squamous cell carcinomas, it is the dea...
Penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN) is a rare but clinically significant condition that can progress to invasive squamous carcinoma. Early diagnosis is crucial but often challenging due to its heterogeneous clinical and dermoscopic presentation,...
The search to enhance the clinical diagnostic accuracy for identifying skin cancer has led to the development of non-invasive diagnostic techniques in dermatology including dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and optical coherence tomog...
24 January 2024
We present the diagnostic pathway and management of an asymptomatic patient with a solitary, potentially high-risk coronary plaque, utilizing modern and advanced non-invasive and invasive pathophysiological, morphological, and functional assessment....
9 October 2023
Plant diseases of an infectious nature are the reason for major economic losses in agriculture throughout the world. The early, rapid and non-invasive detection of diseases and pathogens is critical for effective control. Optical diagnostic methods h...
During orthodontic treatment, the early diagnosis of microscopic changes in soft and hard tissues, including periodontal tissue, is very important to prevent iatrogenic side effects like root resorption and periodontal diseases. Cervical periodontal...
Background: Melanoma incidence has continued to rise in the latest decades, and the forecast is not optimistic. Non-invasive diagnostic imaging techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) are largely studied; however, there is still no agre...
The complex composition of cultural heritage (CH) items presents significant challenges in assessing their condition and predicting potential risks of material degradation. Typically employed diagnostic optical methods are inevitably limited by light...
Early detection and comprehensive diagnostic approaches for breast cancer are essential for improving prognosis. When it comes to changes in the skin of the breast or the nipple–areola complex (NAC), particularly if they are unilateral, it is e...
The refractive index of cells provides insights into their composition, organization and function. Moreover, a good knowledge of the cell refractive index would allow an improvement of optical cytometric and diagnostic systems. Although interferometr...
Conventional screening options for colorectal cancer (CRC) detection are mainly direct visualization and invasive methods including colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy, which must be performed in a clinical setting and may be linked to adverse eff...
Optical fiber sensors are extensively employed for their unique merits, such as small size, being lightweight, and having strong robustness to electronic interference. The above-mentioned sensors apply to more applications, especially the detection a...
Oral cancer is the 16th most common cancer worldwide. It commonly arises from painless white or red plaques within the oral cavity. Clinical outcome is highly related to the stage when diagnosed. However, early diagnosis is complex owing to the impra...
The growing incidence of skin cancer, with its associated mortality and morbidity, has in recent years led to the developing of new non-invasive technologies, which allow an earlier and more accurate diagnosis. Some of these, such as digital photogra...
This review presents the changes that the imaging of articular cartilage has undergone throughout the last decades. It highlights that the expectation is no longer to image the structure and associated functions of articular cartilage but, instead, t...
Background and Clinical Significance: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a rare angio-proliferative mesenchymal tumor that predominantly affects the skin and mucous membranes but may involve lymph nodes and visceral organs. Clinically, it manifests as red-purple...
Optical sensors play an increasingly important role in the development of medical diagnostic devices. They can be very widely used to measure the physiology of the human body. Optical methods include PPG, radiation, biochemical, and optical fiber sen...
Onychomycosis is the most prevalent nail infection. Although it is not a life-threatening condition, it impacts the quality of life for many patients and often imposes a challenging diagnostic problem. The causative agents are dermatophytes, yeasts a...
This review aims to explore advancements in perioperative ischemic stroke risk estimation for asymptomatic patients with significant carotid artery stenosis, focusing on Circle of Willis (CoW) morphology based on the CTA or MR diagnostic imaging in t...
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive diagnostic instrument that has become indispensable for the management of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). OCTA allows quickly visualizing retinal and choroidal microvasculature...
Green carbon dots (GCDs) have emerged as a revolutionary tool in precision medicine, offering transformative capabilities for personalized diagnostics and therapeutic strategies. Their unique optical and biocompatible properties make them ideal for n...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the brain associated with ageing and is the most prevalent form of dementia, affecting an estimated 55 million people worldwide, with projections suggesting this number wil...
The development of bimodal systems with signals for two diagnostic techniques has been increasing. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive technique that distinguishes pathological tissues from healthy ones. To improve the images’ co...
The development of non-invasive optoelectronic technologies for human blood monitoring is one of the important research areas for medicine. A critical analysis of optoelectronic methods of blood research and the micromechanical systems based on them...
Neuromonitoring is a critical tool for emergency rooms and intensive care units to promptly identify and treat brain injuries. The case report of a patient with status epilepticus necessitating orotracheal intubation and intravenous lorazepam adminis...
Background: Agmination and/or satellitosis in pigmented blue lesions is a phenomenon rarely mentioned in the literature and not well known. This phenomenon can be expressed by several benign and malignant pigmented blue lesions, such as blue nevi, Sp...
Early detection and continuous monitoring of diseases are critical to improving patient outcomes, treatment adherence, and diagnostic accuracy. Traditional melanoma diagnosis relies primarily on visual assessment and biopsy, with reported accuracies...
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a powerful non-invasive technique for assessing the optical properties of human tissues, capturing spectral signatures that reflect their biochemical and structural characteristics. In this study, we investigated t...
This paper proposed a multianalytical, non-invasive, accessible and expensive (compared to traditional ones) approach for the characterization of pictorial surfaces. A set of 18 pigments and 37 mixtures widely used in the Middle Ages in the Apulia (I...
Widespread and simple detection of diseases and disfunctions in the body is crucial for reliable and prompt diagnostics, efficient use of healthcare resources, and improved quality of life. The presence of a large number of metabolic products in sali...
Before they become invasive, early cancer cells exhibit specific and characteristic changes that are routinely used by a histopathologist for diagnosis. Currently, these early abnormalities are only detectable ex vivo by histopathology or, non-invasi...
Oral cancer is a serious concern to people all over the world because of its high mortality rate and metastatic spread to other areas of the body. Despite recent advancements in biomedical research, OC detection at an early stage remains a challenge...
Malaria diagnosis relies on optical microscopy and/or rapid diagnostic tests based on detecting specific malaria antigens. The clinical sensitivity of these methods is highly dependent on parasite density, with low levels of detection at low parasite...
Non-melanocytic skin cancers represent an important public health problem due to the increasing incidence and the important local destructive potential. Thus, the early diagnosis and treatment of precancerous lesions (actinic keratoses) is a priority...
Non-invasive blood analysis has the power to completely change how doctors identify and track illnesses. This study presents a novel approach for the non-invasive monitoring of red blood cell (RBC) mobility and concentration within capillaries, using...
The advent of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is one of the cornerstones of fundus imaging. Essentially, its mechanism depends on the visualization of blood vessels by using the flow of erythrocytes as an intrinsic contrast agent. Alt...
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) mostly arises from so-called vulnerable coronary plaques, particularly prone for rupture. Vulnerable plaques comprise a specific type of plaque, called the thin-cap fibroatheroma (TFCA). A TCFA is characterized by a larg...
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