Skewed X chromosome inactivation (XCI-S) has been reported to be associated with some X-linked diseases, and currently several methods have been proposed to estimate the degree of the XCI-S (denoted as
Several of the human-pathogenic arenaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever and have to be handled under biosafety level 4 conditions, including Lassa virus. Rapid and safe inactivation of specimens containing these viruses is fundamental to enable downstre...
Incidences of iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (iCJD) are caused by transplantation of prion-contaminated hormones, cornea and dura mater as well as contact with prion- contaminated medical devices, such as stereotactic electrodes, used in neuros...
Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging zoonotic paramyxovirus that causes severe disease in humans and livestock. Due to its high pathogenicity in humans and the lack of available vaccines and therapeutics, NiV needs to be handled in biosafety level 4 (BSL...
The Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus (EEEV) is an emerging public health threat, with the number of reported cases in the US increasing in recent years. EEEV is a BSL3 pathogen, and the North American strain is a US Federal Select Agent (SA). These...
The risk posed by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2) dictates that live-virus research is conducted in a biosafety level 3 (BSL3) facility. Working with SARS-CoV-2 at lower biosafety levels can expedite research yet require...
The traditional method used in the production of inactivated vaccines is chemical inactivation using beta-propiolactone or formaldehyde. An alternative method is inactivation by irradiation. Virus inactivation is often accompanied by a change in part...
Postbiotics, as the metabolic products and cellular components of probiotics, possess the characteristics of being non-living yet retaining biological activity. Postbiotics have unique advantages such as high stability, good security, and a clear tar...
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is an Alphavirus in the Togaviridae family of positive-strand RNA viruses. The viral genome of positive-strand RNA viruses is infectious, as it produces infectious virus upon introduction into a cell. VEEV...
The handling of highly pathogenic viruses, whether for diagnostic or research purposes, often requires an inactivation step. This article reviews available inactivation techniques published in peer-reviewed journals and their benefits and limitations...
The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a fatal acute viral respiratory disease caused by MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. To date, no vaccine has been approved for MERS-CoV despite continuing outbreaks. Inactivated vaccines are a viable...
Skewed X chromosome inactivation (XCI-S) has been reported to be associated with some X-linked diseases. Several methods have been proposed to estimate the degree of XCI-S (denoted as
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii group organisms (CRAB) are challenging because the choice between targeted, new antibiotic drug options and hygiene measures should be guided by a timely identification of resistance mechanisms. In CRAB, a...
Whereas the reduction of transfusion related viral transmission has been a priority during the last decade, bacterial infection transmitted by transfusion still remains associated to a high morbidity and mortality, and constitutes the most frequent i...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19. During the pandemic of 2019–2022, at least 500 million have been infected and over 6.3 million people have died from COVID-19. The virus is pleomorphic, and due...
Non-thermal technologies allow for the nutritional and sensory properties of foods to be preserved, something that consumers demand. Combining their use with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) provides potential methods for food preservation that could ha...
Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) is a highly pathogenic mosquito-borne virus with bioweapon potential due to its ability to be spread by aerosol transmission. Neurological symptoms are among the worst outcomes of infection, and understanding of p...
Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV) is impacting public health in the Eurasian region, with increasing case numbers. There is, therefore, a need to expand research efforts and the corresponding infrastructure capacity. Since TBEV is classified as a...
Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) enzyme can be found in fruits, vegetables and crustaceans. Its activity, promoted by oxygen, causes food browning with subsequent loss of quality and limited shelf life. Foods are pasteurized with conventional and novel physic...
Noroviruses (NoVs) are major foodborne pathogens that cause acute gastroenteritis. Oysters are significant carriers of this pathogen, and disease transmission from the consumption of NoVs-infected oysters occurs worldwide. The review discusses the me...
The effect of UV-C light technology on the inactivation of six foodborne pathogens inoculated in raw donkey milk was evaluated. Fresh raw donkey milk was artificially inoculated with the following foodborne pathogens—L. inoccua (NCTC 11288), S....
10 January 2022
Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs) are the most common cause of acquired diseases in hospitalized patients. Effective surface disinfection, focused on the inactivation of the spores of this pathogen, is a decisive factor in reducing the numbe...
Background and Objectives: Since 2015, platelet products have been pathogen-inactivated (PI) at the Luxemburgish Red Cross (LRC) using Riboflavin and UV light (RF-PI). As the LRC should respond to hospital needs at any time, platelet production excee...
A platelet (thrombocyte) can be in two states, activated and inactivated. The paper analyzes the interaction of an inactive platelet cell with the wall of a blood vessel. The goal is to analyze and represent the dynamics of platelet cell interaction...
Milk is one of the most important food items consumed by humans worldwide. In addition to its nutritional importance, milk is an excellent culture medium for microorganisms, which may include pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes...
The expansion of the habitat of mosquitoes belonging to the Aedes genus puts nearly half of the world’s population at risk of contracting dengue fever, and a significant fraction will develop its serious hemorrhagic complication, which can be f...
Complete inactivation of infectious Ebola virus (EBOV) is required before a sample may be removed from a Biosafety Level 4 laboratory. The United States Federal Select Agent Program regulations require that procedures used to demonstrate chemical ina...
(1) Background: The purpose of the study was to describe the activity of mex efflux pumps in Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to compare the carbapenem-resistance identification tests with PCR; (2) Methods: Si...
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales are a growing problem in healthcare systems worldwide. While whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has become a powerful tool for analyzing transmission and possible outbreaks, it remains laborious, and the limitations i...
Foodborne pathogens are a major cause of diarrheal disease throughout the world, and 40% of the foodborne illnesses are observed among children under the age of 5 years [...]
The presence of microorganisms, specifically the Escherichia coli, in drinking water is of global concern. This is mainly due to the health implications of these pathogens. Several conventional methods have been developed for their removal; however,...
An efficient microbiological decontamination protocol is required to guarantee safe food products for the final consumer to avoid foodborne illnesses. Ultrasound and non-thermal technology combinations represent innovative methods adopted by the food...
Bacterial pathogens cause severe infections worldwide in livestock and in humans, and antibiotic resistance further increases the importance of prophylactic vaccines. Inactivated bacterial vaccines (bacterins) are usually produced via incubation of t...
To investigate the association between 146S antigen contents in FMD inactivated vaccines and levels of antiviral immunity, this study vaccinated 30 kg pigs with three batches of FMD types O and A bivalent inactivated vaccines. Antibody titers and int...
One of the most appealing applications of cold plasmas is medical treatment of the skin. An important concern is the capability to safeguard the non-targeted cells against inactivation temperatures during the plasma treatment. Unfortunately, it is pr...
The process of accelerated eutrophication forces the search for innovative, effective methods to restore the quality of surface waters. This study was conducted on shallow, urban Lake Mielenko (Maximum depth 1.9 m; Mean depth 1.3 m) in the context of...
Lake restoration is a part of geoengineering, which is a useful tool for landscape management. The phosphorus inactivation method is one of the most popular lake restoration methods. Using chemical compounds for P binding is leading to the creation o...
Artificial mixing and phosphorus inactivation methods using aluminum compounds are among the most popular lake restoration methods. Długie Lake (Olsztyńskie Lakeland, Poland) was restored using these two methods. Primarily, P precipitation and inacti...
Mulberry leaf is an excellent protein resource that can be used as feed additive for livestock and poultry. Nevertheless, the use of mulberry leaves in animal diets is limited by its protease inhibitors, tannic acid and other anti-nutritional factors...
The COVID-19 pandemic has generated intense interest in the rapid development and evaluation of vaccine candidates for this disease and other emerging diseases. Several novel methods for preparing vaccine candidates are currently undergoing clinical...
The consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables is essential for a healthy diet as they contain a diverse composition of vitamins, minerals, fibre, and bioactive compounds. However, cross-contamination during harvest and post-harvest poses a high risk...
Background: The three commercial Enterovirus 71 (EV71) inactivated vaccines which have effectively controlled the EV71 pandemic currently rely on inherent variable in vivo potency methods for batch release. To align with 3R (Replacement, Reduction, R...
Non-fermenting Gram-negative rods are one of the most commonly isolated bacteria from human infections. These microorganisms are typically opportunistic pathogens that pose a serious threat to public health due to possibility of transmission in the h...
The study of highly pathogenic viruses handled under BSL-4 conditions and classified as Select Agents frequently involves the transfer of inactivated materials to lower containment levels for downstream analyses. Adhering to Select Agent and BSL-4 sa...
Research investigating the gut microbiome (GM) during a viral infection may necessitate inactivation of the fecal viral load. Here, we assess how common viral inactivation techniques affect 16S rRNA-based analysis of the gut microbiome. Five common v...
Bacterial inactivation using bacteriophages (or phages) has emerged as an effective solution for bacterial infections, but the screening methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of the phages to inactivate bacteria are not fast, reliable or precise...
The COVID-19 pandemic has made clear the need for effective and rapid vaccine development methods. Conventional inactivated virus vaccines, together with new technologies like vector and mRNA vaccines, were the first to be rolled out. However, the tr...
Efficient inactivation of microbial α-amylases (EC 3.2.1.1) can be a challenge in starch systems as the presence of starch has been shown to enhance the stability of the enzymes. In this study, commonly used inactivation methods, including mult...
Bacterial spores are highly resistant to be inactivated by conventional water disinfection methods. In this study, the inactivation efficiency and mechanisms of Bacillus subtitles (B. subtilis) spores by natural sphalerite (NS) with persulfate (PS) u...
Many microbes of concern to human health remain without vaccines. We have developed a whole-microbe inactivation technology that enables us to rapidly inactivate large quantities of a pathogen while retaining epitopes that were destroyed by previous...
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