Height is an important health parameter employed across domains, including healthcare, aesthetics, and athletics. Numerous non-contact methods for height measurement exist; however, most are limited to assessing height in an upright posture. This stu...
Directed energy deposition (DED) is a family of additive manufacturing technologies. With these processes, metal parts are built layer by layer, introducing dynamics that propagate in time and layer-domains, which implies additional complexity and co...
Rice crop height is an important agronomic trait linked to plant type and yield potential. This research developed an automatic image processing technique to detect rice crop height based on images taken by a digital camera attached to a field server...
Harvesting is an important procedure for hydroponic lettuces in plant factories. At present, hydroponic lettuces are mainly harvested manually, and the key difficulty in mechanical harvesting is reducing the occurrence of leaf injury. Measuring the s...
Tree height is a crucial structural parameter in forest inventory as it provides a basis for evaluating stock volume and growth status. In recent years, close-range photogrammetry based on smartphone has attracted attention from researchers due to it...
For meter-wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar, the multipath of target echoes may cause severe errors in height measurement, especially in the case of complex terrain where terrain fluctuation, ground inclination, and multiple reflection...
Height measurement of meter wave radar is a difficult and important problem. This paper studies the height measurement of meter wave polarimetric (MWP)-MIMO array radar under complex terrain. The traditional electrically short dipole has low radiatio...
This study presents mathematical analysis and numerical modeling for the estimation of measurement errors of height estimation over the sea surface for a precision radar altimeter installed in a low altitude flying vehicle. Reflective properties of t...
The assessment of physical quantity values, especially in case of sports-related activities, is critical to evaluate the performance and fitness level of athletes. In real-world applications, motion analysis tools are often employed to assess motor p...
Collisions between over-height vehicles and low-clearance bridges cause infrastructure damage and pose safety risks. Existing detection systems rely primarily on optical sensors, which suffer from performance degradation in adverse weather conditions...
Combining the advantages of diversity provided by polarization MIMO radar and good decoherence ability of matrix reconstruction technology, a method for height measurements based on matrix reconstruction after real valued processing is developed. To...
The goal of this paper is to examine filtration possibilities of ultrasonically measured height of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for the suppression of terrain unevenness. The article presents two basic methods of the filtration; namely, moving avera...
Obtaining good measurement performance with meter wave radar has always been a difficult problem. Especially in low-elevation areas, the multipath effect seriously affects the measurement accuracy of meter wave radar. The generalized multiple signal...
Crop height is a vital indicator of growth conditions. Traditional drone image-based crop height measurement methods primarily rely on calculating the difference between the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and the Digital Terrain Model (DTM). The calcu...
To address the issue of low-elevation target height measurement in the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radar, this paper proposes a height measurement method for meter-wave MIMO radar based on transmitted signals and receive filter design, inte...
Objectives: Buccal cortical bone dimensions are crucial in dental radiology, as they impact orthodontic treatment outcomes. Changes in alveolar bone dimensions can result in malocclusion and require interdisciplinary approaches for correction. The ac...
Accurate measurement of ocean wave parameters is paramount for offshore engineering design and marine environmental monitoring. Distributed pressure sensing technology provides a robust data foundation for analyzing the spatio-temporal characteristic...
Background: In the regeneration and therapy of degenerated intervertebral discs, the height, volume or categorizing assessments, such as Pfirrmann classification, are used to quantify the discs themselves and the effects of therapy. Here, the questio...
Sea level monitoring is an essential foundational project for studying global climate change and the rise in sea levels. Satellite radar altimeters, which can sometimes provide inaccurate sea surface height data near the coast, are affected by both t...
Tree height is a key indicator in forest resource inventories, playing a vital role in evaluating forest resources, carbon stocks, and biomass. However, conventional tree height measurement methods often suffer from limitations such as inadequate acc...
The advancement of unloading technology in combine harvesting is crucial for the intelligent development of agricultural machinery. Accurately measuring material pile height in transport vehicles is essential, as uneven accumulation can lead to spill...
Many safety accidents can occur in industrial sites. Among them, falls from heights (FFHs) are the most frequent accidents and have the highest fatality rate. Therefore, some existing studies have developed personal wearable airbags to mitigate the d...
Background: The purposes of this study were 1) to determine the intrarater and interrater reliability of the arch height index measurement system device, 2) to establish population normative values for the arch height index in recreational runners, a...
The measurement of tree height has long been an important tree attribute for the purpose of calculating tree growth, volume, and biomass, which in turn deliver important ecological and economical information to decision makers. Tree height has tradit...
Forest height is a fundamental parameter in forestry. Tree height is widely used to assess a site’s productivity both in forest ecology research and forest management. Thus, a precise height measure represents a necessary step for the estimatio...
Jump height tests are employed to measure the lower-limb muscle power of athletic and non-athletic populations. The most popular instruments for this purpose are jump mats and, more recently, smartphone apps, which compute jump height through manual...
The arch height index measurement system (AHIMS) device has been found to be a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the arch height index (AHI) of the feet of individuals; however, normative data for the AHI are lacking for various populations...
Machine-vision-based crop detection is a central issue for digital farming, and crop height is an important factor that should be automatically measured in robot-based cultivations. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging cameras make it possible to measure a...
In order to tackle the inaccurate step length measurement of people with different heights and in different motion states, a height-adaptive method of step length measurement based on motion parameters is proposed in this paper. This method takes peo...
A coefficient CW, which was defined as the ratio of NIR (near infrared) to the red reflected spectral response of the spectrometer, with a standard whiteboard as the measuring object, was introduced to establish a method for calculating height-indepe...
Associated to the weld quality, the weld bead geometry is one of the most important parameters in welding processes. It is a significant requirement in a welding project, especially in automatic welding systems where a specific width, height, or pene...
In this study, we have evaluated the use of unmanned air vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry for the monitoring of a wheat experiment under field conditions, filtered a digital surface model (DSM) to derive the wheat plant heights, and compared the results...
Jump height tests are employed to measure lower-limb muscle power of athletic and non-athletic populations. The most popular instruments for this purpose are jump mats and, in recent years, smartphone apps, which compute jump height through the manua...
In this study, airborne laser scanning-based and traditional field-based survey methods for tree heights estimation are assessed by using one hundred felled trees as a reference dataset. Comparisons between remote sensing and field-based methods were...
The article is dedicated to measuring the thickness of step height standards using the author’s version of the variable wavelength interferometer (VAWI) in the reflected-light mode, where the interference pattern is created by the combination o...
Sea surface height can be measured with the delay between reflected and direct global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals. The arrival time of a feature point, such as the waveform peak, the peak of the derivative waveform, and the fraction of...
Three-dimensional optical ranging has become an effective tool for railway infrastructure monitoring, enabling accurate geometric characterization of tracks and the detection of structural anomalies. Beyond track inspection, this work investigates th...
Measuring interpupilary distance and pupil height is a crucial step in the process of optometry. However, existing methods suffer from low accuracy, high cost, a lack of portability, and limited research on studying both parameters simultaneously. To...
The increasing use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and high spatial resolution imagery from associated sensors necessitates the continued advancement of efficient means of image processing to ensure these tools are utilized effectively. This is exe...
Plant height is a crucial indicator of crop growth. Rapid measurement of crop height facilitates the implementation and management of planting strategies, ensuring optimal crop production quality and yield. This paper presents a low-cost method for t...
In industrial production, high-power microwaves are commonly used for heating and drying processes; however, their application in measurement is relatively limited. This paper presents a power measurement system to enhance the use of microwave measur...
The installation of research or permanent plots is a very common task in growth and forest yield research. At young ages, tree height is the most commonly measured variable, so the location of individuals is necessary when repeated measures are taken...
Plant height is an important trait for evaluating plant lodging, drought, and stress. Standard measurement techniques are expensive, laborious, and error-prone. Although UAS-based sensors and digital aerial photogrammetry have been tested on plants w...
This paper presents a validated, cost-effective technique for the wideband characterization of low-height substrate materials in RF circuits. The method utilizes traditional resonant structures to accurately determine essential parameters—relative pe...
Tree height growth measurements at monthly and annual time scales are important for calibrating and validating forest growth models, forest management and studies of forest ecology and biophysical processes. Previous studies measured the terminal gro...
Plant height is a key indicator of grass growth. However, its accurate measurement at high spatial density with a conventional ruler is time-consuming and costly. We estimated grass height with high accuracy and speed using the structure from motion...
Measuring and monitoring the height of vegetation provides important insights into forest age and habitat quality. These are essential for the accuracy of applications that are highly reliant on up-to-date and accurate vegetation data. Current vegeta...
Tree diameter at breast height (DBH) is a fundamental metric in forest inventory and management. This paper presents a novel method for DBH estimation using the built-in light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and red, green and blue (RGB) sensors of an...
This study explores the feasibility of applying single-scan airborne, static terrestrial and mobile laser scanning for improving the accuracy of tree height growth measurement. Specifically, compared to the traditional works on forest growth inventor...
Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the reliability and validity of three methods to measure jump height during countermovement jumps performed with (CMJAS) and without (CMJNAS) arm swing: (1) an impulse–momentum method with force platf...
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