In password guessing, the Markov model is still widely used due to its simple structure and fast inference speed. However, the Markov model based on random sampling to generate passwords has the problem of a high repetition rate, which leads to a low...
The frequent incidents of password leakage have increased people’s attention and research on password security. Password guessing is an essential part of password cracking and password security research. The progression of deep learning technol...
Using majorization theory via “Robin Hood” elementary operations, optimal lower and upper bounds are derived on Rényi and guessing entropies with respect to either error probability (yielding reverse-Fano and Fano inequalities) or total variation dis...
This study considers the minimum error discrimination of two quantum states in terms of a two-party zero-sum game, whose optimal strategy is a minimax strategy. A minimax strategy is one in which a sender chooses a strategy for a receiver so that the...
In many areas of computer science, it is of primary importance to assess the randomness of a certain variable X. Many different criteria can be used to evaluate randomness, possibly after observing some disclosed data. A “sufficiently random&rd...
The problem addressed concerns the determination of the average number of successive attempts of guessing a word of a certain length consisting of letters with given probabilities of occurrence. Both first- and second-order approximations to a n...
Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) represents the initial perturbation that satisfies a certain physical constraint condition, and leads to a maximum prediction error at the moment of prediction. The CNOP method is a useful tool in stu...
Social norms, also called social comparison nudges, have been shown to be particularly effective in promoting healthy food choices and environmentally friendly behaviors. However, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of these nudges for pro...
As a crucial component of account protection system evaluation and intrusion detection, the advancement of password guessing technology encounters challenges due to its reliance on password data. In password guessing research, there is a conflict bet...
The use of large lecture halls in business and economic education often dictates the use of multiple-choice exams to measure student learning. This study asserts that student performance on these types of exams can be viewed as the result of the proc...
Slow-hash algorithms are proposed to defend against traditional offline password recovery by making the hash function very slow to compute. In this paper, we study the problem of slow-hash recovery on a large scale. We attack the problem by proposing...
Different security notions of secret sharing schemes have been proposed by different information measures. Entropies, such as Shannon entropy and min entropy, are frequently used in the setting security notions for secret sharing schemes. Different t...
Investigation into privacy preserving data publishing with multiple sensitive attributes is performed to reduce probability of adversaries to guess the sensitive values. Masking the sensitive values is usually performed by anonymizing data by using g...
We introduce a betting game where the gambler aims to guess the last success epoch in a series of inhomogeneous Bernoulli trials paced randomly in time. At a given stage, the gambler may bet on either the event that no further successes occur, or the...
At present, static text passwords are still the most widely-used identity authentication method. Password-generation technology can generate large-scale password sets and then detect the defects in password-protection mechanisms, which is of great si...
This paper provides tight bounds on the Rényi entropy of a function of a discrete random variable with a finite number of possible values, where the considered function is not one to one. To that end, a tight lower bound on the Rényi en...
Recent literature proposes the use of a proactive password checker as method for preventing users from creating easy-to-guess passwords. Markov models can help us create a more effective password checker that would be able to check the probability of...
In this paper, we propose a new privatization mechanism based on a naive theory of a perturbation on a probability using wavelets, such as a noise perturbs the signal of a digital image sensor. Wavelets are employed to extract information from a wide...
In order to clarify ultra-low-frequency (ULF) seismomagnetic phenomena, a sensitive geomagnetic network was installed in Kanto, Japan since 2000. In previous studies, we have verified the correlation between ULF magnetic anomalies and local sizeable...
The integration of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and low-orbit satellite Internet not only increases the efficiency of traffic management but also contributes to the emergence of new cyberattacks. Spoofing interference occupies a special place among...
Previous studies have shown that contextual information may aid in guessing the intention underlying others’ actions in conditions of perceptual ambiguity. Here, we aimed to evaluate the temporal deployment of contextual influence on action pre...
2 February 2022
Certainty-Based Marking (CBM) involves asking students not only the answer to an objective question, but also how certain they are that their answer is correct. In a mixed method design employing an embedded approach with a quasi-experimental design,...
To describe the meaning of functionality in a universe before life evolved, existing etiological and systemic accounts of function are evaluated. Since the theory of function is only applicable in context with living beings and artifacts used by livi...
The microwave humidity and temperature sounder (MWHTS) on the Fengyun (FY)-3C satellite measures the outgoing radiance from the Earth’s surface and atmospheric constituents. MWHTS, which makes measurements in the isolated oxygen absorption line near...
Employing the single item search algorithm of N dimensional database it is shown that: First, the entanglement developed between two any-size parts of database space varies periodically during the course of searching. The periodic entanglement of the...
This paper studies binary hypothesis testing with a single sensor that communicates with two decision centers over a memoryless broadcast channel. The main focus lies on the tradeoff between the two type-II error exponents achievable at the two decis...
Security is a critical issue for sensor networks used in hostile environments. When wireless sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network are distributed in an insecure hostile environment, the sensor nodes must be protected: a secret key must be used t...
The steady-state assumption commonly used in object-based tracking algorithms may be insufficient to determine the right track when a convective storm goes through a complicated evolution. Such an issue is exacerbated by the relatively coarse output...
Probability distributions for the center of gravity are fundamental tools for track fitting. The center of gravity is a widespread algorithm for position reconstruction in tracker detectors for particle physics. Its standard use is always accompanied...
Symmetric private information retrieval (SPIR) protocol is proposed for users to retrieve items from a database holder without revealing the retrieval address, and meanwhile the users cannot learn any additional entries of the database. Quantum key d...
It is well known that many chronic diseases are associated with unhealthy diet. Although improving diet is critical, adopting a healthy diet is difficult despite its benefits being well understood. Technology is needed to allow an assessment of dieta...
Cryptographic algorithms installed on Internet of Things (IoT) devices suffer many attacks. Some of these attacks include the differential linear attack (DL). The DL attack depends on the computation of the probability of differential-linear characte...
Despite their well-known weaknesses, passwords are still the de-facto authentication method for most online systems. Due to its importance, password cracking has been vibrantly researched both for offensive and defensive purposes. Hashcat and John th...
The prevalence of smart devices in our day-to-day activities increases the potential threat to our secret information. To counter these threats like unauthorized access and misuse of phones, only authorized users should be able to access the device....
Recently, it has been shown that the reaction mechanism in self-healing diphenyl dichalcogenide-based polymers involves the formation of sulfenyl and selenyl radicals. These radicals are able to attack a neighbouring dichalcogenide bond via a three-m...
Autonomous “Things” is becoming the future trend as the role, and responsibility of IoT keep diversifying. Its applicability and deployment need to re-stand technological advancement. The versatile security interaction between IoTs in hum...
To efficiently use its finite resources, the visual system selects for further processing only a subset of the rich sensory information. Visual masking and spatial attention control the information transfer from visual sensory-memory to visual short-...
The paper provides, for the first time, a long-term (>10 years) analysis of anomalous transients in Earth’s emitted radiation over Turkey and neighbouring regions. The RST (Robust Satellite Techniques) approach is used to identify Significan...
Polar lows (PLs) are mesoscale, up to 1000 km, rather short lifetime (less than 15–30 h) cyclonic atmospheric systems formed in polar latitudes and associated with cold outbreak events. Strong winds, higher than 15 m/s, can then generate high s...
The grand goal of Machine Learning is to develop software which can learn from previous experience—similar to how we humans do. Ultimately, to reach a level of usable intelligence, we need (1) to learn from prior data, (2) to extract knowledge, (3) t...
13 February 2022
Background: Over the past twenty years, a multifaceted anti-doping system was established to detect, deter, and prevent doping among athletes. However, perception of the whereabouts system has been a controversial issue. This pilot study aimed to eva...
Indoor air pollution is a major cause of noncommunicable diseases, and increasing people’s knowledge about the related risks is a key action for prevention. Many studies describe questionnaires for evaluating knowledge on indoor air quality tha...