Chronic functional constipation is highly prevalent and frequently recurrent, and gut jet lag triggered by circadian-rhythm disruption represents an important modern-lifestyle-associated risk factor. Although the Chrono-Microbiota–Motility (CMM...
Unsuccessful axonal regeneration in transected spinal cord injury (SCI) is mainly attributed to shortage of growth factors, inhibitory glial scar, and low intrinsic regenerating capacity of severely injured neurons. Previously, we constructed an axon...
Biomaterials employed for neural stimulation, as well as brain/machine interfaces, offer great perspectives to combat neurodegenerative diseases, while application of lab-on-a-chip devices such as multielectrode arrays is a promising alternative to a...
Müller glial cells (MGCs) are a group of glial cells in the retina that provide essential support to retinal neurons; however, the understanding of MGC apoptosis and autophagy remains limited. This study was aimed at investigating the role of au...
Current therapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury (SCI) cannot fully facilitate neural regeneration or improve function. Arginine decarboxylase (ADC) synthesizes agmatine, an endogenous primary amine with neuroprotective effects. Transfection of...
The toxic gain-of-function of RNA-CUG(exp) in DM1 has been largely studied in skeletal muscle, with little focus on its effects on the central nervous system (CNS). This study aimed to study if oxidative stress is present in DM1, its relationship wit...
Epidemiologic studies have indicated that dyslipidemia may facilitate the progression of neuronal degeneration. However, the effects of chronic dyslipidemia on brain function, especially in older individuals, remain unclear. In this study, middle-age...
It is now well established that glial cells play an equal, if not greater, role in regulating intricate functions of the central nervous system (CNS) compared with neurons [...]
In this review, we discuss the role of liver X receptors (LXRs) in glial cells (microglia, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes) in the central nervous system (CNS). LXRs are oxysterol-activated nuclear receptors that, in adults, regulate genes involved i...
Glial cells have emerged as active and dynamic regulators of central nervous system (CNS) function, far beyond their historically perceived supportive role. This review synthesizes the most recent advances in glial biology, highlighting novel molecul...
Studies on host microbiota and their interactions with the central nervous system (CNS) have grown considerably in the last decade. Indeed, it has been widely demonstrated that dysregulations of the bidirectional gut–brain crosstalk are involve...
Mood disorders and substance use disorder (SUD) are of immense medical and social concern. Although significant progress on neuronal involvement in mood and reward circuitries has been achieved, it is only relatively recently that the role of glia in...
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to severe disability in patients, and one of the key obstacles to the recovery of lost functions is inefficient axonal remyelination. The high sensitivity of oligodendrocytes to secondary damage, the formation of a glia...
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are specialized glial cells found in peripheral ganglia, including the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), where they tightly envelop sensory neuronal somata. Through this intimate bidirectional communication, SGCs actively regula...
Bone cancer and its related chronic pain are huge clinical problems since the available drugs are often ineffective or cannot be used long term due to a broad range of side effects. The mechanisms, mediators and targets need to be identified to deter...
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton-gated cation channels and key mediators of responses to neuronal injury. ASICs exhibit unique patterns of distribution in the brain, with high expression in neurons and low expression in glial cells. While...
We investigated the effect of tofogliflozin, a sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), on retinal blood flow dysregulation, neural retinal dysfunction, and the impaired neurovascular coupling in type 2 diabetic mice. Tofogliflozi...
The therapeutic potential of functional nutrients has garnered considerable attention for enhancing resilience signaling and counteracting the damage to human health caused by microplastic pollutants. The intricate interactions between microplastics...
The historical concept of glia just as the glue of brain tissue has been challenged by the accumulation of concrete evidence showing the multifunctional role of these cells during development and in the adult brain [...]
The traditional neuron-centric view of the central nervous system (CNS) is shifting toward recognizing the importance of communication between the neurons and the network of glial cells. This shift is leading to a more comprehensive understanding of...
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are morphologically unique peripheral glial cells that surround neuronal somas in sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic ganglia. Satellite glial cells communicate with neurons that they ensheathe and form a distinct s...
Vertebrate neurons are enormously variable in morphology and distribution. While different glial cell types do exist, they are much less diverse than neurons. Over the last decade, we have conducted quantitative studies of the absolute numbers, densi...
Despite remarkable advances in glial biology, the development of effective glia-targeted therapeutics has lagged behind. Accumulating evidence has established glial cells as dynamic regulators of neuroimmune communication, synaptic function, metaboli...
Glial cells, once considered mere support for neurons, have emerged as key players in brain function across vertebrates. The historical study of glia dates to the 19th century with the identification of ependymal cells and astrocytes, followed by the...
Glia form a central component of the nervous system whose varied activities sustain an environment that is optimised for healthy development and neuronal function. Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors (AMPAR) are...
This review aims to highlight the various significant matters in glial research stemming from personal work by the author and associates at the Unit of Applied Neurobiology (UNA, CEMIC-CONICET), and some of the pending questions. A reassessment and f...
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a significant global health burden, characterized by progressive loss of neuronal function and structure. While traditionally viewed as primarily neuronal disorders, recent research has highlighted the crucial rol...
Human studies, in combination with animal and cellular models, support glial cells as both major contributors to neurodegenerative diseases and promising therapeutic targets. Among glial cells, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells are the myelinating g...
This review synthesizes the emerging understanding of the roles of glial cells and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRDs). ADRDs encompass a spectrum of neurodegenerativ...
Glial cells are key players in the proper formation and maintenance of the nervous system, thus contributing to neuronal health and disease in humans. However, little is known about the molecular pathways that govern glia–neuron communications...
Even though several highly effective treatments have been developed for multiple sclerosis (MS), the underlying pathological mechanisms and drivers of the disease have not been fully elucidated. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in s...
Methamphetamine is a highly addictive stimulant known to cause neurotoxicity, cognitive deficits, and immune dysregulation in the brain. Despite significant research, the molecular mechanisms driving methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity and glial ce...
The cross talk between neurons and glial cells during development, adulthood, and disease, has been extensively documented. Among the molecules mediating these interactions, neurotransmitters play a relevant role both in myelinating and non-myelinati...
Glial cells exhibit multifaceted functions and represent essential contributors to various physiological processes in the brain, rather than just being silent supportive cells to neurons. Different glial populations of the central nervous system with...
Aging is accompanied by complex cellular and molecular changes that compromise CNS function. Among these, glial cells (astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes) play a central role in maintaining neural homeostasis, modulating synaptic activity, a...
The maladaptive response of the central nervous system (CNS) following nerve injury is primarily linked to the activation of glial cells (reactive gliosis) that produce an inflammatory reaction and a wide cellular morpho-structural and functional/met...
In Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ), a main component of senile plaques, activates glial cells and causes neuroinflammation. Excessive neuroinflammation results in neuronal dropouts and finally prod...
Since the discovery of the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) repeat expansion mutation in 2011 as the most common genetic abnormality in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease) and frontotemporal demen...
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a condition that affects between 8.8 and 246 people in a million and, unlike many other neurological disorders, it affects mostly young people, causing deficits in sensory, motor, and autonomic functions. Promoting the reg...
Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations of the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 gene. Abnormal physiological functions of glial cells contribute to pathogenesis of Rett syndrome. Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D) regulates processes centr...
Chronic pain is increasingly regarded as a condition of glia–neuronal dysregulation driven by persistent neuroinflammatory signaling. Following injury to nerves or tissues, glial cells, including astrocytes or satellite glial cells, undergo cha...
Recent studies have revealed synaptic dysfunction to be a hallmark of various psychiatric diseases, and that glial cells participate in synapse formation, development, and plasticity. Glial cells contribute to neuroinflammation and synaptic homeostas...
Background: Several complex cellular and gene regulatory processes are involved in peripheral nerve repair. This study uses bioinformatics to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the satellite glial cells of mice following sciatic ner...
The ontological categorization of the cellular elements of the brain was proposed over a century ago by Santiago Ramón y Cajal (neurons, astroglia) and Pío del Río-Hortega (oligodendroglia, microglia). It combines histochemical o...
The relationship between sleep, glial cells, and the endocannabinoid system represents a multifaceted regulatory network with profound implications for neuroinflammation and cognitive function. The molecular underpinnings of sleep modulation by the e...
Traumatic brain injuries account for 30–50% of all physical traumas and are the most common pathological diseases of the brain. Mechanical damage of brain tissue leads to the disruption of the blood–brain barrier and the massive death of...
Bidirectional communication between the brain and heart involves neuroimmune mechanisms, yet the contributions of glial responses in different brain regions to autonomic dysfunction and cardiovascular remodelling remain incompletely understood. This...
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) exhibits a much larger capacity for regeneration than the central nervous system (CNS). One reason for this difference is the difference in glial cell types between the two systems. PNS glia respond rapidly to nerv...
All nervous system pathologies (e.g., neurodegenerative/demyelinating diseases and brain tumours) develop neuroinflammation, a beneficial process during pathological events, aimed at removing damaged cells, toxic agents, and/or pathogens. Unfortunate...
Oligodendrocytes, the myelin-making cells of the CNS, regulate the complex process of myelination under physiological and pathological conditions, significantly aided by other glial cell types such as microglia, the brain-resident, macrophage-like in...
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