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Biomedicines
Volume 14
Issue 3
10.3390/biomedicines14030660
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Review

Satellite Glial Cells in Peripheral Nerve Injury and Regeneration

by
Linjia Hu
,
Haimin Lu
,
Yufan Shen
,
Zige Peng
,
Yinying Shen
*,
Qiong Cheng
* and
Yang Gu
*
Nantong University Xinlin College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2026, 14(3), 660; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14030660
Submission received: 5 February 2026 / Revised: 10 March 2026 / Accepted: 11 March 2026 / Published: 13 March 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Neurobiology and Clinical Neuroscience)
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Abstract

Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are morphologically unique peripheral glial cells that surround neuronal somas in sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic ganglia. Satellite glial cells communicate with neurons that they ensheathe and form a distinct structural and functional unit. Following peripheral nerve injury, satellite glial cells undergo remarkable morphological changes, including gliosis, and help regulate the microenvironment surrounding neuronal somas. The expression of many satellite glial cell markers such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and connexin-43, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors in satellite glial cells is altered in these cells. Injury responses of satellite glial cells, particularly the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), contribute to enhanced axonal regeneration. Targeting satellite glial cells may therefore offer novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.
Keywords: satellite glial cells; peripheral nervous system; neuron; peripheral nerve injury; axonal regeneration satellite glial cells; peripheral nervous system; neuron; peripheral nerve injury; axonal regeneration

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hu, L.; Lu, H.; Shen, Y.; Peng, Z.; Shen, Y.; Cheng, Q.; Gu, Y. Satellite Glial Cells in Peripheral Nerve Injury and Regeneration. Biomedicines 2026, 14, 660. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14030660

AMA Style

Hu L, Lu H, Shen Y, Peng Z, Shen Y, Cheng Q, Gu Y. Satellite Glial Cells in Peripheral Nerve Injury and Regeneration. Biomedicines. 2026; 14(3):660. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14030660

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hu, Linjia, Haimin Lu, Yufan Shen, Zige Peng, Yinying Shen, Qiong Cheng, and Yang Gu. 2026. "Satellite Glial Cells in Peripheral Nerve Injury and Regeneration" Biomedicines 14, no. 3: 660. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14030660

APA Style

Hu, L., Lu, H., Shen, Y., Peng, Z., Shen, Y., Cheng, Q., & Gu, Y. (2026). Satellite Glial Cells in Peripheral Nerve Injury and Regeneration. Biomedicines, 14(3), 660. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14030660

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