Facial symmetry is believed to have an evolutionary significance and so its detection should be robust in natural settings. Previous studies of facial symmetry detection have used front views of faces where the decision could be made on 2D image prop...
Background/Objectives: Facial palsy causes both functional and aesthetic impairments, with asymmetry significantly affecting quality of life. Botulinum toxin injections are increasingly used to restore facial balance by reducing contralateral hyperac...
Objectives: It is generally accepted that the symmetry of the face plays a significant role in the visual perception of its attractiveness. Therefore, its objective assessment could be useful for individual therapy planning. However, there is an ongo...
Background: Studies have shown that symmetry plays an aesthetic role and has a positive effect on the perception of human faces. Our work hypothesizes that facial symmetry positively correlates with physical attractiveness and, thus, with higher visu...
Facial symmetry is purportedly attractive, though methods for measuring preference for facial symmetry vary between studies. Some studies have used a two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) task, while others have used a ratings task. How researchers ma...
This study explored the learning effectiveness of drawing makeup designs by computer graphic design and compared the learning differences between traditional hand-drawn and computer-assisted teaching in cosmetology students at universities. The stati...
Facial palsy affects millions worldwide. Botulinum toxin Type A (BoNT-A) is an established treatment for non-flaccid facial palsy, yet objective evidence remains limited. This study evaluates the effects of BoNT-A using AI-based tools and patient-rep...
The eyes, being one of the most prominent facial features, play a crucial role in facial symmetry and are subject to extensive scrutiny in terms of their morphological and functional aspects. Numerous studies have explored the association between fac...
Morphea is a rare sclerotic autoimmune disorder primary affecting the skin and subcutaneous tissues. The linear head variants involve the facial area, with asymmetries and deformities. Eighteen patients with hemifacial deformity (age range 14–7...
Assuming a symmetric pattern plays a fundamental role in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of facial asymmetry, for reconstructive craniofacial surgery, knowing the precise location of the facial midline is important since for most reconstructive...
Deformational plagiocephaly (DP) is considered a risk factor for facial asymmetry. This cohort-based, prospective, follow-up study used three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry to assess the development of facial asymmetry in a normal birth cohort...
The factors influencing human female facial attractiveness—symmetry, averageness, and sexual dimorphism—have been extensively studied. However, recent studies, using improved methodologies, have called into question their evolutionary utility and lin...
Treatment of facial palsy is essential because neglecting this disorder can lead to serious sequelae and further damage. For an objective evaluation and consistent rehabilitation training program of facial palsy patients, a clinician’s evaluati...
Animal bodies in general and faces in particular show mirror symmetry with respect to the median-sagittal plane, with exceptions rarely occurring. Bilateral symmetry to the median sagittal plane of the body also evolved very early. From an evolutiona...
29 November 2025
Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures are among the most common midfacial injuries, with significant implications for both function and facial esthetics. Optimal management requires restoring the normal anatomical alignment and symmetry of the...
Background and Objectives: Facial symmetry is a key component of facial beauty and attractiveness. However, perfect symmetry is rare, and slight asymmetries, also known as natural asymmetries, are common and contribute to the uniqueness of each face....
Prevailing studies on romantic relationships often emphasize facial symmetry as a factor in partner selection and marital satisfaction. This study aims to explore the inverse of this hypothesis—the relationship between facial dissimilarity and...
Many researchers think that the characters in animated cartoons and comics are designed according to the exaggeration or reduction of some features based on the human face. However, the feature distribution of the human face is relatively symmetrical...
The rapid development of deepfake technologies has led to the widespread proliferation of facial image forgeries, raising significant concerns over identity theft and the spread of misinformation. Although recent dual-domain detection approaches that...
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and advanced digital workflows is revolutionising full-arch implant dentistry, particularly for geriatric patients with edentulous and atrophic arches, for whom achieving both prosthetic passivity and o...
Humans, like other species, have a preference for symmetrical visual stimuli, a preference that is influenced by factors such as age, sex, and artistic training. In particular, artistic training seems to decrease the rejection of asymmetry in abstrac...
Unilateral peripheral facial nerve palsy jeopardizes quality of life, rendering psychological consequences such as low self-esteem, social isolation, anxiety, and depression. Among therapeutical approaches, use of Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) on t...
This study introduces a custom-designed CNN architecture that extracts robust, multi-level facial features and incorporates preprocessing techniques to correct or reduce asymmetry before classification. The innovative characteristics of this research...
Facial paralysis leads to static and dynamic asymmetry, hyperkinesis of the non-paralyzed side, and synkinesis, with major functional and psychosocial consequences for patients. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT-A) injections are an effective the...
Background: Synkinesis of the facial musculature is a detrimental sequalae in post-paralytic facial palsy (PPFP) patients. Detailed knowledge on the technical requirements and device properties in a high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) examination is ma...
Facial muscle micro movements for eight emotions were induced via visual and auditory stimuli and were verified according to sex. Thirty-one main facial features were chosen from the Kinect API out of 121 initially obtained facial features; the avera...
Facial cognition serves an important role in human daily interactions. It has been suggested that facial shape can serve as a signal for underlining biological condition, and that it is correlated with, among others, health, fertility, and attractive...
It is critical for intelligent vehicles to be capable of monitoring the health and well-being of the drivers they transport on a continuous basis. This is especially true in the case of autonomous vehicles. To address the issue, an automatic system i...
Dynamic movements of a face affect human perception of a person’s identification, emotional expression, speech, and so on. Findings of studies related to age perception, however, have mainly been obtained from static features of texture such as...
Facial paresis involves functional and aesthetic problems with altered and asymmetric movement patterns. Surgical procedures and physical therapy can effectively reanimate the muscles. From our database, 10 patients (18–50 years) suffering from...
The inability to move the muscles of the face on one or both sides is known as facial paralysis, which may affect the ability of the patient to speak, blink, swallow saliva, eat, or communicate through natural facial expressions. The well-being of th...
To extract facial features with different receptive fields and improve the decision fusion performance of network ensemble, a symmetric multi-scale residual network (SMResNet) ensemble with a weighted evidence fusion (WEF) strategy for facial express...
The symmetry of a human organism’s structure is an expression of the general law of development regarding organic life. Assessing the symmetry of the face and its individual components is one of the most important factors when it comes to the o...
Existing facial expression recognition methods have some drawbacks. For example, it becomes difficult for network learning on cross-dataset facial expressions, multi-region learning on an image did not extract the overall image information, and a fre...
The present study aimed to analyze mid horizontal facial third proportions, those being the interpupillary, inner intercanthal, and bizygomatic distance modified with golden proportion, The Preston proportion, golden percentage and 70% recurring esth...
Methods for teaching contemporary makeup design involve drawing on paper, which requires considerable time and is difficult to edit. To change the makeup color, one must redraw their entire makeup design again, which is both inefficient and not envir...
Facial temperature distribution in healthy people shows contralateral symmetry, which is generally disrupted by facial paralysis. This study aims to develop a quantitative thermal asymmetry analysis method for early diagnosis of facial paralysis in i...
Facial symmetry affects the perception of facial beauty. Overall, facial harmony with an appropriate facial proportion and satisfactory midline facial symmetry are crucial factors for facial attractiveness. The role of orthodontists in correcting fac...
Facial palsy (FP) is a nerve disorder causing unilateral facial muscle paralysis, impacting facial symmetry and non-verbal communication. This case study describes two idiopathic FP patients treated with physiotherapy and inhibitory kinesiotape (KT)...
7th CiiEM International Congress 2025—Empowering One Health to Reduce Social Vulnerabilities
)Background: Facial movement symmetry is an important indicator of neuromuscular function, with asymmetries associated with neurological disorders, trauma, and surgery. Quantitative symmetry assessment supports diagnosis, therapy monitoring, and surgi...
The maxillofacial region of patients with facial asymmetry is deformed not only in the mandible but also in the maxilla, suggesting that the head region may also be deformed. Therefore, in this study, skeletally originated mandibular prognathism with...
Symmetry is representative of aesthetics and health in all kinds of vertebrates, especially the human face. Therefore, to automatically locate the appropriate symmetry plane is crucial. The aim of this study was to develop an automatic and reliable m...
Face recognition under uneven illumination conditions presents significant challenges, as asymmetric shadows often obscure facial features while overexposed regions lose critical texture details. To address this problem, a novel symmetry-aware illumi...
Three-dimensional symmetry and coordination are important factors in facial aesthetics, and analysis of facial asymmetry is the basis for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and doctor–patient communication. With the development of three-dimensional measu...
This study measured three-dimensional facial fluctuating asymmetry in 600 normal and healthy Taiwanese individuals (6 to 12 years old) and assessed the perceptions of increasing levels of facial fluctuating asymmetric severity by using a panel compos...
In reconstructive craniofacial surgery, the bilateral symmetry of the midplane of the facial skeleton plays an important role in surgical planning. Surgeons can take advantage of the intact side of the face as a template for the malformed side by acc...
Facial beauty prediction (FBP) is a cutting-edge task in deep learning that aims to equip machines with the ability to assess facial attractiveness in a human-like manner. In human perception, facial beauty is strongly associated with facial symmetry...
Background: Although the human body generally exhibits bilateral symmetry, achieving perfect symmetry is exceedingly uncommon. During preadolescent development, a face that approximates symmetry is considered both aesthetically and functionally ideal...
Facial symmetry, averageness, and the level of sex-typical development of dimorphic traits are traditionally associated with various biological quality indicators and should be, therefore, preferred in mate choice. The aim of this study is to propose...
Peripheral facial paralysis represents a disabling condition with serious psychological and social impact. Patients with peripheral facial paralysis have a disfigurement of the face with loss of harmony and symmetry and difficulties in everyday facia...
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