2,091 Results Found

The secondary-phase particles in metals, particularly those composed of non-metallic materials, are often detrimental to the mechanical properties of metals; thus, it is crucial to control inclusion formation and growth. One of the challenges is dete...

Solvation and association of ions in solutions largely depend on the dielectric properties of the solvent, the distance between ions in solutions, and temperature. This paper considers the effect of temperature on static dielectric constant (DC), dip...

In concentrated propylene carbonate (PC)-based electrolyte solutions, reversible lithium intercalation and de-intercalation occur at graphite negative electrodes because of the low solvation number. However, concentrated electrolyte solutions have lo...

The purpose of this study is to predict two-electrolyte solutions containing Rb+, explore its characteristics to better solve the problems existing in the natural environment, and promote the development of high technology. We fit and predict the act...

A solubility model of SO2 in multi-ion electrolyte solutions has been developed by the activity-fugacity relation at vapor-liquid equilibria. The fugacity coefficient of SO2 in the vapor phase is calculated by the equation of state (EOS) of pure SO2,...

Electrolyte formulations in standard lithium ion and lithium metal batteries are complex mixtures of various components. In this article, we review molecular key principles of ion complexes in multicomponent electrolyte solutions in regards of their...

With the rapid development of microelectronics and micro-electromechanical system technology, the electronic components have become smaller and the performance has become higher. Under this condition, however, their energy consumption and heat produc...

Electrochromic devices (ECDs) are devices that change their optical properties in response to a low applied voltage. These devices typically consist of an electrochromic layer, a transparent conducting substrate, and an electrolyte. The advancement i...

This article presents a review of an approach for studying solution thermodynamics, which is based the on hydrodynamic fluctuation correlations analysis method suggested by Landau and Lifshitz. We show that the method is very general, and its applica...

Terephthalic acid production plant uses liquid cobalt–manganese bromide as a catalyst. The waste catalyst is burned with exhaust gas and accumulated in fly ash, which is further pickled and impregnated with a sulfuric acid solution. The resulta...

Dielectric behavior of electrolyte aqueous solutions with various concentrations in a cylindrical nanopore of MCM 41 silica has been investigated. The effect of confinement is investigated by using isothermal-isosurface-isobaric statistical ensemble,...

Pyrrolidinium-based (Pyr) ionic liquids (ILs) have been proposed as electrolyte components in lithium-ion batteries (LiBs), mainly due to their higher electrochemical stability and wider electrochemical window. Since they are not naturally electroact...

Calculating hydrocarbon components solubility of natural gases is known as one of the important issues for operational works in petroleum and chemical engineering. In this work, a novel solubility estimation tool has been proposed for hydrocarbon gas...

Hydroxyapatite, the main mineral phase of mammalian tooth enamel and bone, grows within nanoconfined environments and in contact with aqueous solutions that are rich in ions. Hydroxyapatite nanopores of different pore sizes (20 Å ≤ H ≤ 110 Å, where H...

Plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings were prepared in aluminate, phosphate, and silicate-based electrolytic solutions using a soft-sparking regime in a multi-frequency stepped process to compare the structure, corrosion, and wear characteristics of...

Composite electrolytes for applications in electrochemical energy technology, i.e. in batteries and supercapacitors, are gaining increasing attention. In the absence of a commonly accepted definition a ternary combination of materials, e.g. a polymer...

Composite electrolytes for applications in batteries and supercapacitors, i.e., in electrochemical energy technology, are gaining growing attention. In the absence of a commonly accepted definition, binary and ternary combinations of materials, e.g.,...

This paper reviews the progress in applying the plasma-driven solution electrolysis (PDSE), which is also referred to as the contact glow-discharge electrolysis (CGDE) or plasma electrolysis, for hydrogen production. The physicochemical processes res...

In this article, we raise awareness about the misuses of frequently invoked criteria for structure making/breaking phenomena, resulting from the absence of any explicit cause–effect relationship between the proposed markers and the microstructu...

The present study examined the in vitro and in vivo bone formation and adhesion ability on the surface of a titanium dental implant made by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in electrolytes containing bioactive ions. To achieve this goal, screw-sha...

This study investigates the influence of electrolytic cell parameters on the electrolyte boiling rate during electrolytic plasma processing, a critical stage for plasma formation and subsequent surface modification. Focusing on a coaxial cell configu...

Zeolite analcime (EMANA) was synthesized through the hydrothermal method by using carbothermal reduction electrolytic manganese residue (CR-EMR). The structural properties of EMANA and CR-EMR were studied using various characterization techniques. Af...

Recently, the author suggested a simple and composite equation of state by incorporating fundamental thermodynamic properties like heat capacities into her earlier concise equation of state for gases based on free volume and molecular association / d...

Plasma Electrolytic Polishing (PEP) is an advanced anodic process that enhances stainless steel surfaces through controlled electrochemical dissolution and plasma-mediated modification. This study demonstrates that PEP treatment of AISI 304 SS at 300...

Hypohydration can impair aerobic performance and deteriorate cognitive function during exercise. To minimize hypohydration, athletes are recommended to commence exercise at least euhydrated, ingest fluids containing sodium during long-duration and/or...

This work focused on purifying copper electrolytes from a bismuth impurity on a laboratory scale. The electrolyte came from Polish copper electrorefineries with the content of main components, g/dm3: 49.6 Cu, 160 H2SO4. The electrolyte was enriched i...

Surprisingly, the local structure of electrolyte solutions in electric double layers is primarily determined by the solvent. This is initially unexpected as the solvent is usually a neutral species and not a subject to dominant Coulombic interactions...

In this study, scandia-stabilized zirconia (ScSZ) electrolyte thin-film layers were deposited via chemical solution deposition (CSD). We selected 10ScSZ (10% Sc 2 O 3 , 90% ZrO 2 molar ratio) as the target material, and the p...

In this paper, the results of an experimental study on hydrogen production at a tungsten discharge electrode with negative polarity in the DC electrolysis of a typical 10 wt% Na2CO3 aqueous solution in three operational regimes (the Faradaic, transit...

Thin films of Sr0.98Zr0.95Y0.05O3−δ (SZY) electrolyte were grown on porous supporting SrTi0.8Fe0.2O3−δ electrodes by the chemical solution deposition method from a low-viscous solution of inorganic salts. The films were charac...

Carbonate minerals are largely associated with many geological and biological environments as well as several industrial and technological processes. The crystalline characteristics of these mineral phases can be modified by background salts present...

A nanofluidic energy absorption system (NEAS) is composed of nanoporous material and functional liquid with high energy absorption density. Applying an electric field to adjust the energy absorption characteristics of a nanofluidic system will open b...

A flow-injection coulometric method for the determination of chlorpromazine based on ion transfer into a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane, was developed. The detector used consists of a flow-through cell that incorporates a plasticized...

Electrosynthesis of H2O2 via both pathways of anodic two-electron water oxidation reaction (2e-WOR) and cathodic two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e-ORR) in a diaphragm-free bath can not only improve the generation rate and Faraday efficiency...

Aqueous sources like salt lake brines and seawater are the most abundant source for lithium ions and might contribute to the growing demand for lithium for energy storage. By coupling with the increasingly relevant reverse osmosis systems, nanofiltra...

Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) hold tremendous potential for advancing high-energy-density and safe rechargeable solid-state batteries, making them a transformative technology for advancing electric vehicles. GPEs offer high ionic conductivity and m...

A potent cathode catalyst of octahedral cobalt oxide (Co3O4) was synthesized onto graphene (GR) nanosheets via a two-step preparation method. The precursor cobalt solution reacted with GR during the initial hydrolysis step to form intermediates. A su...

The peculiarities of the crystal formation from supersaturated aqueous solutions of CuSO4 on polymer substrates were studied using X-ray diffractometry. During the crystal formation, the test solutions were irradiated with one or two counter-propagat...

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are a promising response to the need for safety and high energy density of large-scale energy storage systems in challenging applications such as electric vehicles and grid integration. ASSBs based on sulfide solid e...

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technique is one of the important methods used in the surface modification of magnesium alloys. In this paper, the ceramic coatings on pretreated KBM10 magnesium alloy with Nd(NO3)3 solution were prepared by PEO. T...

The dependence of the bulk resistance of membranes of ionophore-based ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) on the composition of mixed electrolyte solutions, within the range of the Nernstian potentiometric response, is studied by chronopotentiometric and...

Development of a defensible source-term model (STM), usually a thermodynamical model for radionuclide solubility calculations, is critical to a performance assessment (PA) of a geologic repository for nuclear waste disposal. Such a model is generally...

Aqueous solution of strongly hydrophilic biopolymers is known to exhibit excellent lubrication properties in biological systems, such as the synovial fluid in human joints. Several mechanisms have been proposed on the biolubrication of joints, such a...

The paper presents the Rr matrix form of Kedem–Katchalsky–Peusner equations for membrane transport of the non-homogeneous ternary non-electrolyte solutions. Peusner’s coefficients Rijr and det [Rr] (i, j ∈ {1, 2, 3}, r = A, B)...

Medium polarity plays a crucial role in charge-transfer processes and electrochemistry. The added supporting electrolyte in electrochemical setups, essential for attaining the needed electrical conductivity, sets challenges for estimating medium pola...

The main objective of this work was to analyze the transport by diffusion of salts containing some metal ions (that is, CoCl2, CrCl3, HgCl2, and PbCl2), at 25.0 °C, in two different aqueous solutions with varying pH levels, namely, sodium chlorid...

Recycling lithium-ion batteries provides sustainable raw materials. Crushing and separation are necessary for extracting metals, like lithium, from batteries. Crushing a battery carries a risk of fire or explosion. Fully discharging the battery is cr...

Co-crystallization from multi-component solutions occurs in many solids formation processes. The measurement or simulative description of concentration courses in the fluid vicinity of a growing crystalline substrate is difficult for such systems. Th...

Hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of undecanoate-cappedmagnetite (Fe3O4, average diameter ca. 5 nm) are used to control quantized electron transferto surface-confined redox units and metal NPs. A two-phase system consisting of anaqu...

Electrochemical polymerization of aniline is one of the most promising methods to prepare polyaniline (PANI) materials. However, during this process, the electrolyte solution must be replaced after electropolymerization of a certain time because of t...