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9,938 Results Found

  • Review
  • Open Access
92 Citations
19,550 Views
13 Pages

Electrolytes are key components in electrochemical storage systems, which provide an ion-transport mechanism between the cathode and anode of a cell. As battery technologies are in continuous development, there has been growing demand for more effici...

  • Review
  • Open Access
23 Citations
10,472 Views
61 Pages

Polymer Electrolytes for Supercapacitors

  • Xuecheng Chen and
  • Rudolf Holze

13 November 2024

Because of safety concerns associated with the use of liquid electrolytes and electrolyte solutions, options for non-liquid materials like gels and polymers to be used as ion-conducting electrolytes have been explored intensely, and they attract stea...

  • Review
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,581 Views
33 Pages

21 October 2024

Soft matter electrolytes could solve the safety problem of widely used liquid electrolytes in Li-ion batteries which are burnable upon heating. Simultaneously, they could solve the problem of poor contact between electrodes and solid electrolytes. Ho...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,921 Views
17 Pages

Composite Electrolytes for Supercapacitors

  • Lijun Fu,
  • Qunting Qu,
  • Lili Liu and
  • Rudolf Holze

Composite electrolytes for applications in electrochemical energy technology, i.e. in batteries and supercapacitors, are gaining increasing attention. In the absence of a commonly accepted definition a ternary combination of materials, e.g. a polymer...

  • Review
  • Open Access
35 Citations
12,597 Views
42 Pages

Sodium Polymer Electrolytes: A Review

  • Sumit Kumar,
  • Rajesh Raghupathy and
  • Michele Vittadello

21 February 2024

Lithium-based electrolytes are, at least from a thermodynamic standpoint, the most suitable ion-transport materials for energy storage systems. However, lithium-based ionic conductors suffer from safety concerns, and the limited availability of lithi...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,120 Views
20 Pages

Polymer-Based Electrolytes for Organic Batteries

  • Chetna Tewari,
  • Kundan Singh Rawat,
  • Somi Yoon and
  • Yong Chae Jung

28 September 2025

The pursuit of sustainable and environmentally benign energy storage solutions has propelled significant interest in organic batteries, which utilize redox-active organic compounds as electrode materials. A pivotal component in determining their elec...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
10,203 Views
13 Pages

Interfaces between Ceramic and Polymer Electrolytes: A Comparison of Oxide and Sulfide Solid Electrolytes for Hybrid Solid-State Batteries

  • Dominic Spencer Jolly,
  • Dominic L. R. Melvin,
  • Isabella D. R. Stephens,
  • Rowena H. Brugge,
  • Shengda D. Pu,
  • Junfu Bu,
  • Ziyang Ning,
  • Gareth O. Hartley,
  • Paul Adamson and
  • Peter G. Bruce
  • + 2 authors

Hybrid solid-state batteries using a bilayer of ceramic and solid polymer electrolytes may offer advantages over using a single type of solid electrolyte alone. However, the impedance to Li+ transport across interfaces between different electrolytes...

  • Review
  • Open Access
111 Citations
18,850 Views
12 Pages

Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium/Sulfur Batteries

  • Yan Zhao,
  • Yongguang Zhang,
  • Denise Gosselink,
  • The Nam Long Doan,
  • Mikhail Sadhu,
  • Ho-Jae Cheang and
  • Pu Chen

9 August 2012

This review evaluates the characteristics and advantages of employing polymer electrolytes in lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries. The main highlights of this study constitute detailed information on the advanced developments for solid polymer electrolyt...

  • Review
  • Open Access
86 Citations
21,803 Views
31 Pages

The Effect of Electrolytes on the Kinetics of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

  • Goitom K. Gebremariam,
  • Aleksandar Z. Jovanović and
  • Igor A. Pašti

13 October 2023

Amid global energy challenges, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is gaining traction for green hydrogen production. While catalyst research is ongoing, recognizing electrolyte effects remains crucial for sustainable hydrogen production via renewa...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,856 Views
54 Pages

Composite Electrolytes for Non-Lithium-Ion Batteries

  • Qunting Qu,
  • Lili Liu,
  • Lijun Fu,
  • Xuecheng Chen,
  • Yuping Wu and
  • Rudolf Holze

20 November 2025

Composite electrolytes for applications in batteries and supercapacitors, i.e., in electrochemical energy technology, are gaining growing attention. In the absence of a commonly accepted definition, binary and ternary combinations of materials, e.g.,...

  • Review
  • Open Access
9 Citations
7,486 Views
28 Pages

In recent decades, the field of materials research has put significant emphasis on developing innovative platforms that have the potential to address the increasing global energy demand. Batteries have demonstrated their enormous effectiveness in the...

  • Review
  • Open Access
138 Citations
32,058 Views
29 Pages

Applications of Polymer Electrolytes in Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Review

  • Jayeeta Chattopadhyay,
  • Tara Sankar Pathak and
  • Diogo M. F. Santos

27 September 2023

Polymer electrolytes, a type of electrolyte used in lithium-ion batteries, combine polymers and ionic salts. Their integration into lithium-ion batteries has resulted in significant advancements in battery technology, including improved safety, incre...

  • Article
  • Open Access
945 Views
16 Pages

19 September 2025

Lithium–oxygen battery performance is limited by the instability of the electrolytes. Herein, it is shown that highly concentrated DMSO and DMF electrolytes improved resistance to degradation compared to lower electrolyte concentrations. Gravim...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,527 Views
15 Pages

17 December 2021

Potential implementation of bio-gel Electrolyte Double Layer capacitors (bio-gel EDLCs) and electrolyte-gated FET biosensors, two commonly reported configurations of bio-electrolytic electronic devices, requires a robust analysis of their complex int...

  • Review
  • Open Access
214 Citations
22,349 Views
68 Pages

Progress on Electrolytes Development in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

  • Haider Iftikhar,
  • Gabriela Gava Sonai,
  • Syed Ghufran Hashmi,
  • Ana Flávia Nogueira and
  • Peter David Lund

21 June 2019

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been intensely researched for more than two decades. Electrolyte formulations are one of the bottlenecks to their successful commercialization, since these result in trade-offs between the photovoltaic performa...

  • Review
  • Open Access
10 Citations
6,244 Views
27 Pages

Phosphorus-Containing Polymer Electrolytes for Li Batteries

  • Narcis Varan,
  • Petru Merghes,
  • Nicoleta Plesu,
  • Lavinia Macarie,
  • Gheorghe Ilia and
  • Vasile Simulescu

4 February 2024

Lithium-ion polymer batteries, also known as lithium-polymer, abbreviated Li-po, are one of the main research topics nowadays in the field of energy storage. This review focuses on the use of the phosphorus containing compounds in Li-po batteries, su...

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
12 Citations
6,777 Views
23 Pages

Silicon-based anodes have emerged as promising candidates for advanced lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their outstanding lithium storage capacity; however, the commercial implementation of silicon-based anodes is hindered primarily by their sig...

  • Review
  • Open Access
6 Citations
9,484 Views
21 Pages

Importance of High-Concentration Electrolytes for Lithium-Based Batteries

  • Susanna Krämer,
  • Dominik Weintz,
  • Martin Winter,
  • Isidora Cekic-Laskovic and
  • Mariano Grünebaum

Each battery cell consists of three main components: the anode, the cathode, and the separator soaked with liquid electrolyte, the medium in the battery that allows charged ions to move between the two electrodes. Besides a wide electrochemical stabi...

  • Review
  • Open Access
34 Citations
9,530 Views
22 Pages

14 October 2022

Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) represent a promising next-generation energy storage system, with advantages such as high specific capacity (1675 mAh g−1), abundant resources, low price, and ecological friendliness. During the application...

  • Review
  • Open Access
23 Citations
15,321 Views
44 Pages

31 March 2023

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are one of the recent trends in energy storage systems due to their promising properties, the high abundance of sodium in the Earth’s crust, and their low cost. However, the commercialization process of SIBs is in th...

  • Review
  • Open Access
66 Citations
7,675 Views
52 Pages

Challenges for Safe Electrolytes Applied in Lithium-Ion Cells—A Review

  • Marita Pigłowska,
  • Beata Kurc,
  • Maciej Galiński,
  • Paweł Fuć,
  • Michalina Kamińska,
  • Natalia Szymlet and
  • Paweł Daszkiewicz

10 November 2021

The aspect of safety in electronic devices has turned out to be a huge challenge for the world of science. Thus far, satisfactory power and energy densities, efficiency, and cell capacities have been achieved. Unfortunately, the explosiveness and the...

  • Review
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,346 Views
53 Pages

Research Progress in Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes for Electrochromic Devices

  • Hao Zhang,
  • Yixuan Liu,
  • Xuehan Wang,
  • Keying Feng,
  • Qilin Wang,
  • Zheng Chen and
  • Zhenhua Jiang

19 February 2025

Electrochromic (EC) technology has become one of the smart technologies with the most potential for development and application at this stage. Based on electrochromic devices (ECDs), this technology has shown extraordinary potential in the fields of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,103 Views
17 Pages

Non-Substituted Imidazolium-Based Electrolytes as Potential Alternatives to the Conventional Acidic Electrolytes of Polyaniline-Based Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors

  • Fatima Al-Zohbi,
  • Fouad Ghamouss,
  • Johan Jacquemin,
  • Bruno Schmaltz,
  • Mohamad Fadel Tabcheh,
  • Mohamed Abarbri,
  • Khalil Cherry and
  • François Tran-Van

Although disubstituted imidazolium cation is sterically crowded, hundreds of ionic liquids based on this cation have been reported as electrolytes for energy storage devices. In contrast to disubstituted imidazolium, non-substituted imidazolium is un...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,434 Views
12 Pages

8 June 2020

Unsuccessfully treated by the existing wastewater-treatment processes, caffeine concentrations in wastewater effluents and natural reservoirs are constantly rising. Photodegradation treatment processes are drawing much attention due to their potentia...

  • Review
  • Open Access
23 Citations
8,593 Views
33 Pages

A Minireview of the Solid-State Electrolytes for Zinc Batteries

  • Wangbing Yao,
  • Zhuoyuan Zheng,
  • Jie Zhou,
  • Dongming Liu,
  • Jinbao Song and
  • Yusong Zhu

10 October 2023

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have gained significant recognition as highly promising rechargeable batteries for the future due to their exceptional safety, low operating costs, and environmental advantages. Nevertheless, the widespread utilizati...

  • Review
  • Open Access
26 Citations
6,047 Views
25 Pages

14 April 2020

The ever-rising demands for energy dense electrochemical storage systems have been driving interests in beyond Li-ion batteries such as those based on lithium and magnesium metals. These high energy density batteries suffer from several challenges, s...

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
36 Citations
13,116 Views
18 Pages

The Gel-State Electrolytes in Zinc-Ion Batteries

  • Fulong Hu,
  • Maoyun Li,
  • Guowei Gao,
  • Huiqing Fan and
  • Longtao Ma

3 November 2022

Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are receiving increasing research attention due to their high energy density, resource abundance, low-cost, intrinsic high-safety properties, and the appropriate plating/stripping voltage. Gel-state electrolytes possess meri...

  • Review
  • Open Access
20 Citations
7,665 Views
29 Pages

1 June 2023

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are a dazzling star in electrochemical energy storage thanks to their high energy density and low redox potential. However, LMBs have a deadly lithium dendrite problem. Among the various methods for inhibiting lithium d...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3,405 Views
37 Pages

Ionic Liquids and Ammoniates as Electrolytes for Advanced Sodium-Based Secondary Batteries

  • Pablo Hiller-Vallina,
  • Carmen Miralles,
  • Andrés Parra-Puerto and
  • Roberto Gómez

This review aims to provide an up-to-date report on the state of the art of electrolytes based on (quasi-)ionic liquids for sodium batteries. Electrolytes based on conventional ionic liquids are classified into one-anion- and two-anion-type electroly...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,918 Views
12 Pages

Electrolytes in Multiple-Phase Hydrogen Storage Reactions

  • John J. Vajo,
  • Jasim Uddin,
  • Son-Jong Hwang and
  • Jason Graetz

Multiple-phase hydrogen storage materials such as metal alanates and borohydrides, and destabilized systems offer the possibility of high hydrogen storage capacity with favorable thermodynamics. However, the multiphase nature of these materials intri...

  • Review
  • Open Access
20 Citations
15,372 Views
61 Pages

Advanced Polymer Electrolytes in Solid-State Batteries

  • Ningaraju Gejjiganahalli Ningappa,
  • Anil Kumar Madikere Raghunatha Reddy and
  • Karim Zaghib

23 December 2024

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) have been recognized as promising energy storage devices for the future due to their high energy densities and much-improved safety compared with conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), whose shortcomings are widely tr...

  • Review
  • Open Access
13 Citations
6,355 Views
15 Pages

Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Progress and Challenges

  • Mingxun Jia,
  • Tunan Li,
  • Daotong Yang,
  • Luhua Lu,
  • Limei Duan,
  • Jinghai Liu and
  • Tong Wu

25 September 2023

The lithium-sulfur battery has garnered significant attention from both researchers and industry due to its exceptional energy density and capacity. However, the conventional liquid electrolyte poses safety concerns due to its low boiling point, henc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
409 Views
12 Pages

Ageing and Water Detection in Hydroscopic Organic Electrolytes

  • Eva Alonso-Muñoz,
  • Janwa El Maiss,
  • Wejdene Gongi,
  • Divya Balakrishnan,
  • Delphine Faye,
  • Karine Mougin and
  • César Pascual García

Electrolyte degradation and trace water contamination critically affect the lifetime and safety of lithium-ion batteries. In organic-based electrolytes such as acetonitrile (MeCN), even small amounts of water can trigger PF6 hydrolysis, produc...

  • Review
  • Open Access
414 Views
38 Pages

28 January 2026

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) represent a topic of extreme interest in the research field, especially because the materials used are cheaper than those in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In SIBs, the choice of cathodes and electrolytes is very important...

  • Review
  • Open Access
29 Citations
8,391 Views
24 Pages

The widespread use of energy storage for commercial products and services have led to great advancements in the field of lithium-based battery research. In particular, solid state lithium batteries show great promise for future commercial use, as sol...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
9,120 Views
14 Pages

Ethyl Methyl Sulfone-Based Electrolytes for Lithium Ion Battery Applications

  • Peter Hilbig,
  • Lukas Ibing,
  • Ralf Wagner,
  • Martin Winter and
  • Isidora Cekic-Laskovic

1 September 2017

Sulfone-based electrolytes, known for their higher oxidative stability compared to the typically used organic carbonate-based electrolytes, are considered promising electrolytes for high voltage cathode materials towards the objective of obtaining in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
6,012 Views
17 Pages

Ionic Liquid-Based Thermoplastic Solid Electrolytes Processed by Solvent-Free Procedures

  • Francisco González,
  • Víctor Gregorio,
  • Aitor Rubio,
  • Leoncio Garrido,
  • Nuria García and
  • Pilar Tiemblo

26 January 2018

A series of thermoplastic polymer electrolytes have been prepared employing poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as a polymer matrix, bis(trifluoromethane sulfonimide) (LiTFSI), and different room-temperature ionic liquids (RTIL) with bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
7,947 Views
4 Pages

Electrolytes and Lipids have always played significant roles, and changes in their concentrations gives good indications of disease progression in a number of non-communicable diseases. Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder in the c...

  • Review
  • Open Access
18 Citations
8,402 Views
29 Pages

3 February 2023

Metal–sulfur batteries, especially lithium/sodium–sulfur (Li/Na-S) batteries, have attracted widespread attention for large-scale energy application due to their superior theoretical energy density, low cost of sulfur compared to conventi...

  • Review
  • Open Access
67 Citations
8,811 Views
31 Pages

Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices

  • Eunhwan Kim,
  • Juyeon Han,
  • Seokgyu Ryu,
  • Youngkyu Choi and
  • Jeeyoung Yoo

16 July 2021

For decades, improvements in electrolytes and electrodes have driven the development of electrochemical energy storage devices. Generally, electrodes and electrolytes should not be developed separately due to the importance of the interaction at thei...

  • Review
  • Open Access
35 Citations
6,343 Views
16 Pages

A Review on Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

  • Prasad Raut,
  • Vinay Kishnani,
  • Kunal Mondal,
  • Ankur Gupta and
  • Sadhan C. Jana

27 April 2022

Significant growth has been observed in the research domain of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) due to the simplicity in its manufacturing, low cost, and high-energy conversion efficiency. The electrolytes in DSSCs play an important role in determi...

  • Review
  • Open Access
77 Citations
10,431 Views
37 Pages

Development on Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochemical Devices

  • Li Ping Teo,
  • Mohd Hamdi Buraidah and
  • Abdul Kariem Arof

28 October 2021

Electrochemical devices, especially energy storage, have been around for many decades. Liquid electrolytes (LEs), which are known for their volatility and flammability, are mostly used in the fabrication of the devices. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DS...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,821 Views
14 Pages

Limiting Factors Affecting the Ionic Conductivities of LATP/Polymer Hybrid Electrolytes

  • Adrien Méry,
  • Steeve Rousselot,
  • David Lepage,
  • David Aymé-Perrot and
  • Mickael Dollé

28 January 2023

All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries (ASSLB) are promising candidates for next generation lithium battery systems due to their increased safety, stability, and energy density. Ceramic and solid composite electrolytes (SCE), which consist of dispersed ce...

  • Review
  • Open Access
62 Citations
17,107 Views
20 Pages

Perovskite Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries

  • Shuo Yan,
  • Chae-Ho Yim,
  • Vladimir Pankov,
  • Mackenzie Bauer,
  • Elena Baranova,
  • Arnaud Weck,
  • Ali Merati and
  • Yaser Abu-Lebdeh

7 November 2021

Solid-state lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have become increasingly important in recent years due to their potential to offer higher energy density and enhanced safety compared to conventional liquid electrolyte-based lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Ho...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
5,395 Views
16 Pages

Poly(ionic liquid) Based Composite Electrolytes for Lithium Ion Batteries

  • Robert Löwe,
  • Thomas Hanemann,
  • Tatiana Zinkevich and
  • Andreas Hofmann

20 December 2021

Polymerized ionic liquids (PIL) are an interesting substance class, which is discussed to transfer the outstanding properties and tunability of ionic liquids into a solid material. In this study we extend our previous research on ammonium based PIL a...

  • Review
  • Open Access
36 Citations
8,262 Views
33 Pages

18 December 2020

Ionic liquids are potential alternative electrolytes to the more conventional solid-state options under investigation for future energy storage solutions. This review addresses the utilization of IL electrolytes in energy storage devices, particularl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,444 Views
3 Pages

Ethylmethoxyethyl Sulfone Viability for Lithium Ion Battery Electrolytes

  • Dee Strand,
  • Doug Brune,
  • Oktay Uzun,
  • Steven Kaye and
  • Kevin Gering

Development of a practical, low cost high voltage electrolyte to enable lithium ion battery (LIB) operation above 4.5V will enable high energy density cells for vehicle applications. Towards that end, Dow Energy Materials is investing in programs to...

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
29 Citations
8,904 Views
27 Pages

31 December 2020

The lithium ion battery, with its high energy density and low reduction potential, continues to enchant researchers and dominate the landscape of energy storage systems development. However, the demands of technology in modern society have begun to r...

  • Review
  • Open Access
29 Citations
6,950 Views
31 Pages

Review of the Developments and Difficulties in Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes

  • Junlong Liu,
  • Tao Wang,
  • Jinjian Yu,
  • Shuyang Li,
  • Hong Ma and
  • Xiaolong Liu

21 March 2023

All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLIBs), with their exceptional attributes, have captured the attention of researchers. They offer a viable solution to the inherent flaws of traditional lithium-ion batteries. The crux of an ASSLB lies in its...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,778 Views
21 Pages

Recent Progress in Cathode-Free Zinc Electrolytic MnO2 Batteries: Electrolytes and Electrodes

  • Shiwei Liu,
  • Zhongqi Liang,
  • Hang Zhou,
  • Weizheng Cai,
  • Jiazhen Wu,
  • Qianhui Zhang,
  • Guoshen Yang,
  • Walid A. Daoud,
  • Zanxiang Nie and
  • Gehan A. J. Amaratunga
  • + 2 authors

Zinc–manganese dioxide (Zn–MnO2) batteries, pivotal in primary energy storage, face challenges in rechargeability due to cathode dissolution and anode corrosion. This review summarizes cathode-free designs using pH-optimized electrolytes...

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