15,535 Results Found

P. aeruginosa is the most common microorganism involved in many ICU-acquired infections. A correct dosage regimen is pivotal to avoiding resistance development, worse outcomes and higher mortality rates. The aim of this study was to perform a pharmac...

Purpose: To develop a workflow for systemically reviewing the doses received by organs at risk (OARs) in a BgRT treatment session, as a means of monitoring delivery constancy and possibly identifying changes of clinical concern in the patient. Method...

Despite growing global momentum to reduce the number of children who never received a dose of any vaccine, i.e., zero-dose (ZD) children, persistent geographic and social inequities continue to undermine progress toward universal immunization coverag...

Although aminoglycosides are frequently prescribed to neonates and children, the ability to reach effective and safe target concentrations with the currently used dosing regimens remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the target attainment of t...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the application feasibility of the nonlocal means (NLM) noise reduction algorithm in low-dose computed tomography (CT) images using an advanced modeled iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE) iterative reconstruction t...

This study aimed to evaluate the potential efficacy and safety of the amikacin dosage proposed by the main guidelines and to develop an interactive nomogram, especially focused on the potential impact of albumin on initial dosage recommendation. The...

Despite the well-demonstrated efficacy of infliximab in inflammatory diseases, treatment failure remains frequent. Dose adjustment using Bayesian methods has shown in silico its interest in achieving target plasma concentrations. However, most of the...

This study was carried out to demonstrate whether the radiation dose for patients in arms-down position can be reduced without affecting the diagnosis on abdominal computed tomography (CT). The patients were divided into two groups: group A, which in...

In 2020, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recommended a change in vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring from trough-based to AUC/MIC-based to optimize vancomycin’s efficacy and reduce nephrotoxicity. Many hospitals have not im...

The most frequent endocrine disease in obese patients is hypothyroidism. To date, there are no clear data regarding what happens to the dose of levothyroxine (LT4) after bariatric surgery (BS). The objective of the present study was to evaluate thyro...

Levetiracetam is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug commonly used in intensive care units (ICUs). The objective of this study is to evaluate the adequacy of levetiracetam dosing in patients with normal or augmented renal clearance (ARC) admitted to...

Antimicrobial treatment in critically ill patients remains challenging. The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for linezolid in critically ill patients and to evaluate the adequacy of current dosing recommendation (60...

No consensus exists regarding optimal dosing of norepinephrine in septic shock. We aimed to evaluate if weight-based dosing (WBD) lead to higher norepinephrine doses when achieving goal mean arterial pressure (MAP) than non-weight-based dosing (non-W...

Ten years have elapsed since the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2011, and the relative contribution of natural radiation is increasing in Fukushima Prefecture due to the reduced dose of artificial radiation. In order to accu...

Background: An external evaluation is crucial before clinical applications; however, only a few gentamicin population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models for critically ill patients included it in the model development. In this study, we aimed to evaluate...

There are limited intravenous fosfomycin disodium (IVFOS) dosing regimens to treat carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections. This study aimed to use Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) for evaluation of IVFOS dosing regimens in critically ill...

Background: Fluoxetine is widely prescribed to treat depression but exhibits high inter-individual and inter-ethnic pharmacokinetic (PK) variability. Most published population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models were derived from Western patients, and the...

This study aimed to evaluate the scientific reliability of 3D-printed silicone boluses fabricated with patient-specific molds, focusing on fabrication-related uncertainties such as internal air bubbles, thickness variations, and density differences,...

Relative biodistribution of FDA-approved innovator and generic sodium ferric gluconate (SFG) drug products was investigated to identify differences in tissue distribution of iron after intravenous dosing to rats. Three equal cohorts of 42 male Spragu...

Computed tomography (CT) imaging using low-dose radiation effectively reduces radiation exposure; however, it introduces noise amplification in the resulting image. This study models an adaptive nonlocal total variation (NL-TV) algorithm that efficie...

Background/Objectives: Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induces oxidative stress in the skin by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can lead to inflammatory conditions including erythema (a sign of sunburn). This clinical study aims to develop...

Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is a key immunosuppressant for children with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), and it has a narrow therapeutic window and relatively high pharmacokinetic variability. Several population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models of MT...

The drug concentrations targeted in meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam therapy also depend on the susceptibility of the pathogen. Yet, the pathogen is often unknown, and antibiotic therapy is guided by empirical targets. To reliably achieve the ta...

The previously identified female sex pheromone of cocoa pod borer (CPB), Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), was re-evaluated for male attraction using six different pheromone formulations in Indonesian cocoa plantations....

Background: The MeroRisk-calculator, an easy-to-use tool to determine the risk of meropenem target non-attainment after standard dosing (1000 mg; q8h), uses a patient’s creatinine clearance and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the pathog...

We recently developed a long-length detector that combines three detectors and successfully acquires whole-body X-ray images. Although the developed detector system can efficiently acquire whole-body images in a short time, it may show problems with...

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizing nano-based photosensitizers (PSs) offers promising cancer treatment potential but requires rigorous safety evaluation. Conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) doped with porphyrins, such as platinum po...

Probiotics, as defined by the World Health Organization, are live microorganisms that, when consumed in sufficient quantities, provide health benefits to the host. Although some countries have approved specific probiotic species for use in food, safe...

Methane (CH₄) emissions from urban sewer systems represent a significant contributor to greenhouse gases, driven by anaerobic decomposition processes. This review elucidates the mechanisms underlying CH₄ production in sewers, which are influenced by...

In low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), lung segmentation effectively improves the accuracy of lung cancer diagnosis. However, excessive noise is inevitable in LDCT, which can decrease lung segmentation accuracy. To address this problem, it is necess...

Electronic equipment in nuclear power plants and nuclear warfare is damaged by transient effects that cause high-energy pulsed radiation. There is a concern that this type of damage can even cause enormous economic losses and human casualties by para...

Background/Objectives: Mucuna pruriens (Linn.) DC. var. pruriens is a leguminous plant whose seeds have been used in traditional medicine, including for the enhancement of sexual function. However, scientific evidence regarding its toxicological safe...

Whole-body vibration (WBV) remains a critical factor influencing ride comfort, driver performance and occupational health in vehicle applications. Despite the widespread use of standardized indicators, assessing WBV exposure and its perceptual implic...

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of childhood death. Despite the startling statistics, it is neglected globally as evidenced by treatment and clinical care schemes, mostly extrapolated from studies in adults. The objective of this study was to form...

We develop a population pharmacokinetic model to describe Busulfan pharmacokinetics in paediatric patients and investigate by simulations the impact of various sampling schedules on the calculation of AUC. Seventy-six children had 2 h infusions every...

Micafungin (MFG) is a widely used echinocandin antifungal agent for treating invasive candidiasis, particularly in critically ill patients. However, its pharmacokinetics can be highly variable in this population. This systematic review aims to summar...

Purpose: The present study aimed to assess the radiation dose associated with low-dose (LD) CT pelvimetry compared with conventional radiography and to evaluate the adequacy of the resulting image quality. Methods: The absorbed dose was measured usin...

Computed tomography (CT) has had a massive impact on diagnostic radiology over the past few decades. Serious concerns exist because of the increase in the effective radiation dose associated with CT scans, which could pose significant health risks. I...

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the pediatric sofosbuvir weight-based dosing strategy in providing an equitable drug exposure compared to the marketed dose. The physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simula...

The purpose of this study was the evaluation of image quality and radiation dose parameters of the novel photon counting CT (PCCT, Naeotom Alpha, Siemens Healthineers) using low-dose scan protocols for the detection of urolithiasis. Standard CT scans...

This paper compares the results of measurements taken in the underground workings of active and tourist mines. In these facilities, the aerosol size distributions of ambient aerosols at key workplaces and the distributions of radioactive aerosols con...

The dose metrics and factors influencing radiation exposure for patients undergoing head, chest, and abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans were investigated for optimization of patient dose levels. The local diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) of a...

Subcutaneous enoxaparin has been shown to reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among hospitalized patients. However, alternative enoxaparin dosing strategies may be necessary in morbid obesity. The objective of this study was to assess the...

To evaluate patients’ radiation exposure undergoing CT-guided joint injection in preparation of MR-arthrography. We developed a novel ultra-low-dose protocol utilizing tin-filtration, performed it in 60 patients and compared the radiation exposure (D...

Objective: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the results of administering subcutaneous neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin every 8 h (NPH-8) versus every 12 h (NPH-12) in critically ill, hyperglycemic trauma patients who requ...

Several studies evaluating exposure to pollutants in microenvironments (MEs) are available in the scientific literature, but studies that evaluate the inhaled doses of pollutants are few in number. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the exposure...

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of inhomogeneity correction (IC) of dose distribution on the dosimetric and radiobiological efficacy of radiation treatment for heterotopic ossification (HO). Methods: This study...

This work reports an optimized method to experimentally quantify the Gd-nanoparticle dose enhancement generated by electronic brachytherapy. The dose enhancement was evaluated considering energy beams of 50 kVp and 70 kVp, determining the Gd-nanopart...

This study aimed to evaluate radiation doses from handheld X-ray devices, specifically NOMAD Pro 2^TM (DvcN), Rextar X (DvcRX), and Diox 602 (DvcD), targeting operator and patient’s critical organs and tissues. Calibrated TLD-100H dosimeters wer...

Nanotechnology has provided considerable advancements in an array of disciplines. Recently, it has been shown that ferumoxytol, a magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticle, can be oxidized by ionizing radiation. Ferumoxytol nanoparticles have high stability, an...