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413 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,620 Views
13 Pages

Closed-Loop Recycling and Remanufacturing of Polymeric Aircraft Parts

  • Marko Hyvärinen,
  • Mikko Pylkkö and
  • Timo Kärki

The aviation industry is facing the challenge of reducing fossil fuels and emissions. Fuel efficiency is improved by making efficient powerplant systems and lighter aircraft. Modern passenger aircraft utilize polymeric and polymeric composite materia...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,830 Views
21 Pages

3 April 2025

Polypropylene (PP), a widely used recyclable plastic in packaging and engineering applications, is prone to thermo-oxidative degradation during reprocessing and molding at high temperatures. Antioxidants (AOs) are essential for stabilizing PP in both...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
11,094 Views
15 Pages

Life Cycle Assessment of the Closed-Loop Recycling of Used Disposable Diapers

  • Norihiro Itsubo,
  • Mitsuhiro Wada,
  • Shigeo Imai,
  • Akira Myoga,
  • Naoki Makino and
  • Koichi Shobatake

In Japan, approximately 23.5 billion paper diapers are produced annually (total of diapers for infants and adults produced in 2018). The majority of used paper diapers are disposed of through incineration; in certain regions, some paper diapers are r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,595 Views
29 Pages

Strategy Analysis of Recycling and Remanufacturing by Remanufacturers in Closed-Loop Supply Chain

  • Xiaofeng Long,
  • Tong Shu,
  • Shou Chen,
  • Shouyang Wang,
  • Kin Keung Lai and
  • Yan Yang

10 October 2017

The paper investigates interactions in a two-period closed-loop supply chain consisting of a single manufacturer and a single remanufacturer. In the context of recycling and remanufacturing by the remanufacturer, the manufacturer and remanufacturer c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
90 Citations
6,133 Views
14 Pages

A Green Closed-Loop Supply Chain Coordination Mechanism Based on Third-Party Recycling

  • Jiafu Su,
  • Chi Li,
  • Qingjun Zeng,
  • Jiaquan Yang and
  • Jie Zhang

27 September 2019

Taking an environment-friendly green closed-loop supply chain as the research object, this work established a two-stage closed-loop supply chain game model. Considering the influence of the environmental protection input on the whole supply chain, th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
4,710 Views
18 Pages

2 July 2023

The used power batteries of new energy vehicles have become a combined issue of environmental pollution, resource scarcity, and economic sustainability. Power battery recycling is inevitably becoming the key link in the formation of the green closed-...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,034 Views
20 Pages

8 April 2022

A closed-loop supply chain operation is an effective way to improve the dual benefits of economy and environment. Inspired by the practice of closed-loop supply chain coordination, this paper attempts to investigate the supply chain operation strateg...

  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
4,678 Views
26 Pages

14 November 2019

The recycling and remanufacturing of e-waste is linked to a worldwide emphasis on the establishment and implementation of Extended Producer Responsibility system (ERP), which has become an important problem in the process of cycling economy. Meanwhil...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,912 Views
23 Pages

7 June 2024

Due to the rapid development of the clean energy sector against the global backdrop of carbon emission reduction, the availability of rare earths is becoming scarce. The strategic recycling of rare earth resources serves the dual purpose of alleviati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
5,359 Views
28 Pages

3 November 2017

This paper investigates cost disruptions of new and remanufactured products in a closed-loop supply chain where a manufacturer and a third-party collector recycle used products through online-recycling and offline-recycling channels, respectively. We...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
5,715 Views
19 Pages

1 September 2023

Plastics follow a linear economic structure, leading to detrimental environmental effects, such as global warming and ecosystem destruction, through incineration and accumulation throughout their life cycle. This study examined the types, potential g...

  • Article
  • Open Access
52 Citations
9,151 Views
17 Pages

Environmentally friendly handling and efficient recycling of waste electrical on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) have grown to be a global social problem. As holders of WEEE, consumers have a significant effect on the recycling proce...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,119 Views
17 Pages

Compared with traditional offline recycling channel, recycling through the “Internet+ recycling” platform has increasingly attracted the academic and practical intention in the past decade because of its accessibility and convenience. To...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,411 Views
36 Pages

13 March 2025

In this study, we investigated a closed-loop supply chain system comprising manufacturers and retailers engaged in recycling competition. The manufacturer is the CLSC Stackelberg leader. By developing a Stackelberg model incorporating marketing, we a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,325 Views
17 Pages

13 September 2022

The massive emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases has begun to threaten the survival of human beings and the balance of the Earth’s ecology. If carbon emission is left unchecked, we will face terrible consequences. Closed-loop s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
875 Views
27 Pages

3 June 2025

In reality, there is often information asymmetry between upstream and downstream enterprises in a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) system, which can have a profound impact on the decisions of member enterprises and the operation of the system. Under a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,266 Views
11 Pages

29 October 2021

We previously reported on a new counter-current chromatography (CCC) operating mode called closed-loop recycling dual-mode counter-current chromatography (CLR DM CCC), which incorporates the advantages of closed-loop recycling (CLR) and dual-mode (DM...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
11,012 Views
17 Pages

The photovoltaic (PV) generation system has been widely used since the late 1990s. Considering its lifespan of 20 to 30 years, many end-of-life systems will emerge in the near future. This is why recycling PV systems will be beneficial (and may even...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,765 Views
15 Pages

25 October 2024

This study investigated the closed-loop recycling of 3D-printed wood fiber (WF)-filled polylactic acid (PLA) composites via fused filament fabrication (FFF). The WF–PLA composites (WPCs) were extruded into WPC filaments (WPCfs) to produce FFF-p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,955 Views
14 Pages

Preparation and Closed-Loop Recycling of Ultra-High-Filled Wood Flour/Dynamic Polyurethane Composites

  • Shiyu Guo,
  • Huanbo Wang,
  • Yue Liu,
  • Yuan Fu,
  • Xuefeng Zhang,
  • Bin Qi and
  • Tian Liu

13 March 2023

The development of biomass-based composites has greatly reduced the daily consumption of plastics. However, these materials are rarely recyclable, thus, posing a severe threat to the environment. Herein, we designed and prepared novel composite mater...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,735 Views
26 Pages

4 November 2024

With the rapid growth of the electric vehicle industry, the recycling of power batteries has attracted significant attention. In light of current circumstances, the question of how the government can incentivize relevant stakeholders to actively enga...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,158 Views
20 Pages

Product recycling issues have gained increasing attention in many industries in the last decade due to a variety of reasons driven by environmental, governmental and economic factors. Closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) models integrate the forward and r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
13,236 Views
13 Pages

18 January 2022

Wool recycling has been practiced commercially for more than 200 years. This study used data from established, commercial processes with the aim of determining the environmental impacts of a recycled wool blend garment and the contribution of recycli...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,767 Views
40 Pages

21 February 2023

In order to solve the problem of false recycling, where the real recycling volume does not match the theoretical one, blockchain is widely used in practice due to its characteristics of transparency, traceability, and tamper resistance. To study its...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,000 Views
25 Pages

7 December 2022

In the closed-loop supply chain, many suppliers opt for self-recycling or entrust retailers to recycle. Under both recycling channels, the member responsible for recycling can undertake or outsource logistics services. This paper investigates how con...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,357 Views
22 Pages

8 April 2025

The sales of New Energy Vehicles (NEVs) have experienced substantial growth, resulting in a significant increase in the number of used NEV batteries. Improper disposal of these used batteries can lead to pollution and resource wastage. In line with t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,261 Views
30 Pages

13 December 2022

With economic development and societal progress, the supply chain should not only focus on profitability, but also environmental protection, as well as undertake corresponding corporate social responsibility (CSR). The operational decisions of the cl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,471 Views
23 Pages

15 June 2021

This paper focuses on the pricing problem of a two-stage closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) considering the cross-channel recycling and channel preference based on a single manufacturer and a single traditional retailer. The pricing decision problem rai...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,465 Views
24 Pages

24 January 2023

Guided by the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, in order to coordinate the recycling and remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain (CLSC), considering the strengthened low-carbon awareness of consumers and the high cost of carbon emission...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,987 Views
26 Pages

27 February 2023

To promote carbon emission reduction and resource reuse, this study is devoted to studying the impact of government subsidy policies on the operation decision of a low-carbon closed-loop supply chain system. In the production stage, governments can u...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
11,842 Views
13 Pages

Water bottles are widely used in the Gulf countries. One estimate indicates that the water bottle usage in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) may reach up to 250 L of water per person annually. Generally, the water bottles are made of polyethylene tereph...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,060 Views
21 Pages

27 July 2023

Glass is made from sand—a finite resource. Hence, there is a need to maintain glass in the industrial cycle as described in the Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s circular-economy diagram. This research project examines the reallocation of mate...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,392 Views
14 Pages

Characterization of Antimicrobial Poly(Lactic Acid)- and Polyurethane-Based Materials Enduring Closed-Loop Recycling with Applications in Space

  • Andrew J. D’Ovidio,
  • Brian Knarr,
  • Alexander J. Blanchard,
  • Gregory W. Bennett,
  • William Leiva,
  • Bin Duan and
  • Jorge M. Zuniga

25 February 2024

Recent studies have shown that astronauts experience altered immune response behavior during spaceflight, resulting in heightened susceptibility to illness. Resources and resupply shuttles will become scarcer with longer duration spaceflight, limitin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,927 Views
14 Pages

10 August 2024

Developing recyclable and self-healing non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) from renewable resources to replace traditional petroleum-based polyurethane (PU) is crucial for advancing green chemistry and sustainable development. Herein, a series of inno...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,198 Views
12 Pages

16 September 2022

Epoxy-based composites are designed for long-lasting applications, though their wide use is in contrast with their poor recyclability, which poses serious end-of-life issues. In order to reduce their environmental impact, precursors derived from foss...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
3,418 Views
17 Pages

Determination of the Influence of Multiple Closed Recycling Loops on the Property Profile of Different Polyolefins

  • Johanna Langwieser,
  • Andrea Schweighuber,
  • Alexander Felgel-Farnholz,
  • Christian Marschik,
  • Wolfgang Buchberger and
  • Joerg Fischer

15 June 2022

In a circular economy, polymeric materials are used in multiple loops to manufacture products. Therefore, closed-loops are also envisaged for the mechanical recycling of plastics, in which plastic is used for products that are in turn collected and r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,395 Views
17 Pages

17 May 2023

Particle-reinforced aluminium matrix composites (AMC) with a high-volume fraction of ceramic reinforcement (>30 vol.%) combine high specific strength and stiffness with good wear resistance and thermal stability, resulting in their increasing popu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,684 Views
16 Pages

3 May 2022

Regarding decision planning in the electronic manufacturing industry, this paper designs a green closed-loop manufacturing-recycling network for multiperiod production planning for multiple products. The network considers the tradeoff between product...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,643 Views
23 Pages

This article investigates decision-making strategies for power battery recycling and cascading utilization within the context of rapidly advancing blockchain technology, aiming to enhance the sustainability and efficiency of energy storage systems. A...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,605 Views
22 Pages

15 September 2020

Research has shown that inter-firm networks and relationships play a key role in innovation adoption; however, these concepts have not specifically been applied to study their role in the adoption of circular economy eco-innovations. This paper consi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,447 Views
23 Pages

19 June 2023

In light of resource scarcity and environmental challenges, remanufacturing bolsters resource efficiency and fosters a circular economy, with policy support being pivotal for its development. Although previous studies have predominantly concentrated...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,037 Views
15 Pages

28 April 2021

The goal of the study is to propose the basis for the concept of expanding the fuel balance in Russia through the development of a closed-loop resource cycle. We propose to use the criterion of energy potential of waste to generate new data on the re...

  • Technical Note
  • Open Access
873 Views
12 Pages

A Closed-Loop Solvent Recycling Device for Polymer Removal in Graphene Transfer Process

  • Zian Tang,
  • Junhao Yang,
  • Haoqun Huang,
  • Minhui Ma,
  • Minyi Zhu and
  • Lingling Zhang

26 October 2025

The traditional chemical vapor deposition (CVD)graphene transfer process generates a large amount of solvent waste, posing a significant sustainability challenge. To address this, we designed a Cyclic Cleaning Multi-Chamber (CCMC) system. Inspired by...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,475 Views
11 Pages

9 June 2023

The application of liquid–liquid chromatography principles to solvent extraction processes in hydrometallurgy can greatly simplify rare earth metal separation technologies by separating multicomponent mixtures in one technological operation. In...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,915 Views
16 Pages

31 October 2022

A closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) is the process of adding a reverse supply chain to the traditional forward supply chain. It has a positive effect on reducing environmental pollution, and therefore many governments have introduced relevant policies...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
6,426 Views
19 Pages

1 December 2017

Firms engaged in remanufacturing activities generally adopt more than one recycling channel to collect more used products and gain more profits. This paper explores the optimal strategies for a retailer-dominated closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) with...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,621 Views
17 Pages

18 December 2025

The exponential growth of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles and energy storage systems has amplified the urgent need for sustainable recycling strategies. Conventional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods for LIB recycling...

  • Article
  • Open Access
290 Views
20 Pages

Aeroponic cultivation can enhance resource-use efficiency, yet field-scale evidence for closed-loop water recycling remains limited. This study assessed a multi-tier aeroponic system for Pak choi, Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis, integrated with a rec...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,568 Views
19 Pages

12 July 2024

Recycling waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has garnered considerable societal attention. To incentivize WEEE recycling within a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC), a deposit-refund system (DRS) has been implemented. This study delves int...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,462 Views
23 Pages

Optimal Manufacturer Recycling Strategy under EPR Regulations

  • Jian Cao,
  • Xuan Gong,
  • Jiawen Lu and
  • Zhaolong Bian

5 January 2023

Under extended producer responsibility (EPR) regulations, trade-in programs allow manufacturers to play a vital role in recycling. Simultaneously, third-party recyclers (TPRs) can use their recycling network to compensate for manufacturers having onl...

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