Glial brain tumours, including astrocytoma IDH (Isocitrate Dehydrogenase) mutant and glioblastoma IDH wild-type, are highly malignant brain tumours with poor clinical outcomes. Genomic instability, encompassing microsatellite (MIN) and chromosomal in...
Aneuploidy is the gain or loss of entire chromosomes, chromosome arms or fragments. Over 100 years ago, aneuploidy was described to be a feature of cancer and is now known to be present in 68–90% of malignancies. Aneuploidy promotes cancer growth, re...
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become the standard of care in various cancers, although their predictive tools have not yet completely developed. Here, we aimed to exam the role of 70-gene chromosomal instability signature (CIN70) in cancer...
Aneuploidy is a consequence of chromosomal instability (CIN) that affects prognosis. Gene expression levels associated with aneuploidy provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying CIN. Based on the gene signature whose expression was cons...
Ongoing chromosomal instability in neoplasia (CIN) generates intratumor genomic heterogeneity and limits the efficiency of oncotherapeutics. Neoplastic human cells utilizing the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT)-pathway, display extensive st...
The tea catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) proved to be the most potent physiologically active tea compound in vitro. It possesses antioxidant as well as pro-oxidant properties. EGCG has the effect of inducing apoptosis of tumor cells and inh...
Chromosomal instability not only has a negative effect on survival in triple-negative breast cancer, but also on the well treatable subgroup of luminal A tumors. This suggests a general mechanism independent of subtypes. Increased chromosomal instabi...
Malignant gliomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), originating from glial cells. They account for 30% of all CNS tumors. Among them, glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common, accounting for 45% of all glial tumors,...
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is very frequent in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA) and it is characterized by TP53 deletions/mutations resulting in p53 nuclear accumulation, as revealed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), which considers the cases wi...
The powerful utilities of current DNA sequencing technology question the value of developing clinical cytogenetics any further. By briefly reviewing the historical and current challenges of cytogenetics, the new conceptual and technological platform...
Anticancer regimens for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients include highly genotoxic drugs that have been very successful in killing tumor cells and providing a 90% disease-free survival at five years. However, some of these treatments do not have a speci...
Many cancers develop as a consequence of genomic instability, which induces genomic rearrangements and nucleotide mutations. Failure to correct DNA damage in DNA repair defective cells, such as in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutated backgrounds, is directly asso...
Mitotic perturbations frequently lead to chromosome mis-segregation that generates genome instability, thereby triggering tumor onset and/or progression. Error-free mitosis depends on fidelity-monitoring systems that ensure the temporal and spatial c...
The Pony of Esperia is an Italian autochthonous horse breed reared in the wild on the Aurunci and Ausoni Mountains. Currently, it is considered an endangered breed, as its population consists of 1623 animals. It is therefore essential to identify all...
When discussing chromosomal instability, most of the literature focuses on the characterization of individual molecular mechanisms. These studies search for genomic and environmental causes and consequences of chromosomal instability in cancer, aimin...
We have shown previously that two cytoplasmic actin isoforms play different roles in neoplastic cell transformation. Namely, β-cytoplasmic actin acts as a tumor suppressor, whereas γ-cytoplasmic actin enhances malignant features of tumor cells. The d...
Maintaining a balanced redox state within cells is crucial for the sustenance of life. The process involves continuous cytosolic disulfide reduction reactions to restore oxidized proteins to their reduced thiol forms. There are two main cellular anti...
The master mitotic regulator, Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), is an essential gene for the correct execution of cell division. Plk1 has strong clinical relevance, as it is considered a bona fide cancer target, it is found overexpressed in a large collecti...
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the main cause of cervical, oropharyngeal, and anogenital cancers, which are all treated with definitive chemoradiation therapy when locally advanced. HPV proteins are known to exploit the host DNA damage r...
According to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), gastric cancers are classified into four molecular subtypes: Epstein–Barr virus-positive (EBV+), tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI), tumors with chromosomal instability (CIN), and genomical...
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is associated with many human diseases, including neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative conditions, age-related disorders and cancer, and is a key driver for disease initiation and progression. A major source of struct...
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is an intricate phenomenon that is often found in human cancer, characterized by persisting errors in chromosome segregation. This ongoing chromosome mis-segregation results in structural and numerical chromosomal abnorm...
Chromosomal instability (CIN) and aneuploidy are hallmarks of cancer. CIN is defined as a continuous rate of chromosome missegregation events over the course of multiple cell divisions. CIN causes aneuploidy, a state of abnormal chromosome content di...
Chromosomal instability (CIN) induces a high rate of losses or gains of whole chromosomes or parts of chromosomes. It is a hallmark of most human cancers and one of the causes of aneuploidy and intra-tumor heterogeneity. The present study aimed to ev...
Chromosomal instability (CIN) refers to an increased rate of acquisition of numerical and structural changes in chromosomes and is considered an enabling characteristic of tumors. Given its role as a facilitator of genomic changes, CIN is increasingl...
Accurate chromosome segregation depends on bipolar chromosome–microtubule attachment and tension generation on chromosomes. Incorrect chromosome attachment results in chromosome missegregation, which contributes to genome instability. The kinet...
Mechanisms for somatic chromosomal mosaicism (SCM) and chromosomal instability (CIN) are not completely understood. During molecular karyotyping and bioinformatic analyses of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and congenital malformations (n...
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is commonly seen in cancer cells, and related to tumor progression and poor prognosis. Among the causes of CIN, insufficient correction of erroneous kinetochore (KT)-microtubule (MT) attachments plays pivotal roles in va...
Chromosome instability (CIN) is defined as an increased rate of chromosome gains and losses that manifests as cell-to-cell karyotypic heterogeneity and drives cancer initiation and evolution. Current research efforts are aimed at identifying the etio...
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is overexpressed near ubiquitously across all cancer types and dysregulation of this enzyme is closely tied to increased chromosomal instability and tumor heterogeneity. PLK1 is a mitotic kinase with a critical role in maint...
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a prevalent characteristic of solid tumours and haematological malignancies. CIN results in an increased frequency of chromosome mis-segregation events, thus yielding numerical and structural copy number alterations,...
Chromosome instability (CIN), or constantly evolving chromosome complements, is a form of genome instability implicated in the development and progression of many cancer types, however, the molecular determinants of CIN remain poorly understood. Cond...
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a characteristic feature of cancer. In this review, we concentrate on mechanisms leading to CIN in myeloid neoplasia, i.e., myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The pathogenesis of myeloid n...
New therapeutic approaches that antagonize tumour-promoting phenotypes in lung cancer are needed to improve patient outcomes. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of lung cancer characterized by the ongoing acquisition of genetic alterations t...
The integrity of the genome is crucial for the survival of all living organisms. However, genomes need to adapt to survive certain pressures, and for this purpose use several mechanisms to diversify. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is one of the main m...
Mutations in the TP53 gene and chromosomal instability (CIN) are two of the most common alterations in cancer. CIN, marked by changes in chromosome numbers and structure, drives tumor development, but is poorly tolerated in healthy cells, where devel...
A large proportion of tumours is characterised by numerical or structural chromosomal instability (CIN), defined as an increased rate of gaining or losing whole chromosomes (W-CIN) or of accumulating structural aberrations (S-CIN). Both W-CIN and S-C...
Chromosome instability (CIN) has been repeatedly associated with aging and progeroid phenotypes. Moreover, brain-specific CIN seems to be an important element of pathogenic cascades leading to neurodegeneration in late adulthood. Alternatively, CIN a...
Chromosome instability (CIN) refers to an ongoing rate of chromosomal changes and is a driver of genetic, cell-to-cell heterogeneity. It is an aberrant phenotype that is intimately associated with cancer development and progression. The presence, ext...
Chromosome instability (CIN), the hallmarks of cancer, reflects ongoing chromosomal changes caused by chromosome segregation errors and results in whole chromosomal or segmental aneuploidy. In multiple myeloma (MM), CIN contributes to the acquisition...
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, and despite increased research in recent years, control of advanced-stage disease and optimal therapeutic responses remain elusive. Recent technological improvements have increased our understanding of hu...
Background: Chromosomal instability (CIN) may underlie a subset of idiopathic infertility, and chronic periodontitis could contribute to genomic fragility. We tested whether periodontal status is associated with cytogenetic instability in adults with...
Cancer is a devastating disease that claims over 8 million lives each year. Understanding the molecular etiology of the disease is critical to identify and develop new therapeutic strategies and targets. Chromosome instability (CIN) is an abnormal ph...
Chromosomal instability (CIN), the increasing rate in which cells acquire new chromosomal alterations, is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Many studies highlighted CIN as an important mechanism in the origin, progression, and relapse of acute myeloid...
Recently, non-clonal chromosomal alterations previously unappreciated are being proposed to be included in cytogenetic practice. The aim of this inclusion is to obtain a greater understanding of chromosomal instability (CIN) and tumor heterogeneity a...
Chromosome instability (CIN) is an enabling feature of oncogenesis associated with poor patient outcomes, whose genetic determinants remain largely unknown. As mitotic chromatin compaction defects can compromise the accuracy of chromosome segregation...
Aneuploidy, a deviation in chromosome numbers from the normal diploid set, is now recognized as a fundamental characteristic of all cancer types and is found in 70–90% of all solid tumors. The majority of aneuploidies are generated by chromosom...
Chromosome instability (CIN), or progressive changes in chromosome numbers, is an enabling feature of many cancers; however, the mechanisms giving rise to CIN remain poorly understood. To expand our mechanistic understanding of the molecular determin...
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer, onset with localized as well as metastatic disease. Localized tumors usually show a high content of aneuploid cells. It is suggested that aneuploid cells with numerical copy number variation (CNV) are generated by...
Chromosomal instability (CIN), defined by variations in the number or structure of chromosomes from cell to cell, is recognized as a distinctive characteristic of cancer associated with the ability of tumors to adapt to challenging environments. CIN...
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