1,628 Results Found

Accurate and reliable outcome predictions can help evaluate the functional recovery of ischemic stroke patients and assist in making treatment plans. Given that recovery factors may be hidden in the whole-brain features, this study aims to validate t...

Background/Objectives: Accurate segmentation of brain stroke lesions from MRI images is a critical task in medical image analysis that is essential for timely diagnosis and treatment planning. Methods: This paper presents a novel approach for segment...

Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has been utilized widely in populations with brain lesions, such as stroke patients. The tES-generated electric field (EF) within the brain is considered as one of the most important factors for physiological...

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients may have brain white matter (WM) lesions, but the association of these lesions with disease activity is poorly understood. We retrospectively eva...

(1) Study purpose: The aim of our prospective single-center, matched case–control study was to compare the number and volume of acute ischemic brain lesions following carotid endarterectomy (CEA) versus carotid artery stenting (CAS) using a pro...

Background and objective: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and clinical implications of parotid lesions detected incidentally during brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. Materials and Methods: Between February 2016 and...

Lateropulsion (pusher syndrome) is an important barrier to standing and gait after stroke. Although several studies have attempted to elucidate the relationship between brain lesions and lateropulsion, the effects of specific brain lesions on the dev...

We performed voxel-guided morphometry (VGM) investigating the mechanisms of brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS) related to focal lesions. VGM maps detect regional brain changes when comparing 2 time points on high resolution T1-weighted (T1w) ma...

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method that can generate image contrast based on the proton exchange between labeled protons in solutes and free, bulk water protons. Amide proton transfer (...

We evaluated the effect of lesion number and volume for brain metastasis treated with SRS using GammaKnife® ICON™ (GK) and CyberKnife® M6™ (CK). Four sets of lesion sizes (<5 mm, 5–10 mm, >10–15 mm, and >15 mm...

Background: To summarise and quantify the evidence on the association between Blood pressure (BP), white matter lesions (WMLs), and brain volumes. Method: Electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Clarivate were searched in February 2020 using an esta...

A newly recognized fourth type of perivascular space has recently been described in the radiological literature. Despite its growing relevance, many radiologists are still unfamiliar with its imaging characteristics, often leading to misinterpretatio...

Background and Objectives: Hemiplegic or unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP) is primarily characterized by motor impairment, mainly affecting the upper limb. Research has centered on factors influencing the varying degrees of motor deficit in UCP, using...

The purpose of the article is to provide a practical guide for manual and semi-automated image segmentation of common neurosurgical cranial lesions, namely meningioma, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), for neurosurgica...

In recent years, the increasing incidence of morbidity of brain stroke has made fast and accurate segmentation of lesion areas from brain MRI images important. With the development of deep learning, segmentation methods based on the computer have bec...

Virchow–Robin spaces or perivascular spaces are pial-lined fluid-filled interstitial spaces recognized throughout brain parenchyma along the path of penetrating vessels. Occasionally, they may become enlarged, cause mass effect, and be mistaken for c...

Dual-mode non-invasive brain stimulation using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation is known to help neurorehabilitation in patients with stroke. However, this neuromodulation effect may vary depend...

Cognitive deficits are common in glioma patients following multimodality therapy, but the relative impact of different types and locations of treatment-related brain damage and recurrent tumors on cognition is not well understood. In 121 WHO Grade II...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease with unknown etiology that can be characterized by the presence of demyelinated lesions. Prevailing treatment protocols in MS rely on the modulation of the inflammatory proc...

This study aimed to develop a rapid, 1 mm3 isotropic resolution, whole-brain MRI technique for automatic lesion segmentation and multi-parametric mapping without using contrast by continuously applying balanced steady-state free precession with inver...

Background: Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) may affect both the heart and the brain. However, little is known about the interaction between these organs in ARD patients. We asked whether brain lesions are more frequent in ARD patients with cardi...

Heart failure (HF) patients frequently develop brain deficits that lead to cognitive dysfunction (CD), which may ultimately also affect survival. There is an important interaction between brain and heart that becomes crucial for survival in patients...

In neuroimaging, there is no equivalent alternative to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, image acquisitions are generally time-consuming, which may limit utilization in some cases, e.g., in patients who cannot remain motionless for long or s...

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurologic disease of the central nervous system which affects almost three million people worldwide. MS is characterized by a demyelination process that leads to brain lesions, allowing these affected areas t...

Background: Incidental brain imaging findings could be clinically relevant, and advancements in molecular imaging could lead to their more frequent identification. The aim of this review is to establish the prevalence and clinical significance of bra...

Background: Moderate and late preterm infants (32–36 weeks of gestation) are at significant risk of developmental impairments. Incidence of white matter lesions, which are associated with developmental impairments in very preterm infants, remai...

Fatty liver (FL) is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, characterized by insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia, which consequently lead to neurodegenerative disorders through the induction of oxidative stress-inflammatory axis, which alt...

Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a major cause of neonatal brain injury, leading to long-term neurological impairments. Medical nutrition can be rapidly implemented in the clinic, making it a viable intervention to improve neurodevelopment after in...

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-tractography and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have dynamically entered the presurgical evaluation context of brain surgery during the past decades, providing novel perspectives in surgical planning and l...

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the association between the presence of a right-to-left shunt (RLS) and neurological decompression sickness (NDCS) and asymptomatic brain lesions among otherwise healthy divers. Background: Next to drown...

Several affective and cognitive processes have been found to be pivotal in affecting aesthetic experience of artworks and both neuropsychological as well as psychiatric symptoms have been found to affect artistic production. However, there is a pauci...

Background: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is an underestimated symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS). Multiple factors may play a role in the OD reported by MS patients, such as ongoing inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), damage to the olfact...

Ischemic stroke lesion (ISL) is a brain abnormality. Studies proved that early detection and treatment could reduce the disease impact. This research aimed to develop a deep learning (DL) framework to detect the ISL in multi-modality magnetic resonan...

We redefined Robert’s prototypical cytoprotection model, namely the intragastric administration of 96% alcohol in order to generate a general peripheral and central syndrome similar to that which occurs when major central or peripheral veins are occl...

The neural representation of language can be identified cortically using navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and subcortically using the fiber tracking of diffusion tensor imaging. We investigated how cortical locations of language...

Background/Objectives: Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) is a rare and complex neuroinflammatory disease characterized by demyelination and neurological dysfunction in individuals under 18 years of age. This systematic review and activation likelihoo...

Reversible lesions involved in the splenium of corpus callosum (RESLES) are a rare clinic-radiological condition, whose pathogenesis could be related to infectious events (such as in mild encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion—MERS), epilepsy...

Background/Objectives: Headache is one of the most common neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19, affecting approximately 25% of patients. While most headaches resolve within weeks, some persist for months, suggesting underlying structural br...

Purpose: To determine the best predictor of lesion volume induced by magnetic resonance (MR)-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy in patients with tremor-dominant symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) patients...

Heavily imbalanced datasets are common in lesion segmentation. Specifically, the lesions usually comprise less than 5% of the whole image volume when dealing with brain MRI. A common solution when training with a limited dataset is the use of specifi...

Timely identification and accurate delineation of ultra-early ischemic stroke lesions in non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scans of the human brain are of paramount importance for prompt medical intervention and improved patient outcomes. In this...

Early brain lesions which produce cerebral palsy (CP) may affect the development of walking. It is unclear whether or how neuromuscular control, as evaluated by muscle synergy analysis, differs in young children with CP compared to typically developi...

Blood supply to the thalamus and brainstem have frequent anatomic variations. One of these is where all the perforators to the above areas arise from a single branch of the posterior cerebral artery commonly known as the artery of Percheron. Infarcti...

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) proteins are multifunctional cytokines whose neural functions are increasingly recognized. The machinery of TGF-β signaling, including the serine kinase type transmembrane receptors, is present in the central n...

Background: Blood–barrier (BBB) breakdown and active inflammation are hallmarks of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS), but the molecular events contributing to the development of new lesions are not well explored. Leaky endothelial junctions ar...

NG2-glia, also known as oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), have the potential to generate new mature oligodendrocytes and thus, to contribute to tissue repair in demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). Once activated in response to...

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic CNS autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated demyelination, axon loss, and disability. Dysregulation of transglutaminase-2 (TG2) has been implicated in disease initiation and progression. Herein, TG2 ex...

Endometriosis is a systemic medical condition characterized by endometrial tissue that is abnormally implanted in extrauterine sites, including the central nervous system. In this article, we reported the case of a patient with presumed cerebral endo...

The pathogenic mechanisms underlying vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) remain controversial due to the heterogeneity of vascular causes and complexity of disease neuropathology. However, one common feature shared among all these vascu...

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), peripheral and central neurological disorders affect approximately one billion people worldwide. Ischemic stroke and Alzheimer’s Disease and other dementias are the second and fifth leading caus...