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467 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,991 Views
17 Pages

Large-Scale Fire Tests of Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV): Slovak Case Study

  • Jozef Svetlík,
  • Zoltan Tancos,
  • Petr Tancos,
  • Iveta Markova and
  • Kristian Slastan

9 May 2024

Due to the increasing number of battery electric vehicles (BEV) on the roads and the number of BEV accidents with the occurrence of a fire, full-scale fire tests of BEVs were carried out. For initiation, the BEVs were mechanically damaged, forming a...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3,985 Views
67 Pages

Powertrain in Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs): Comprehensive Review of Current Technologies and Future Trends Among Automakers

  • Ernest Ozoemela Ezugwu,
  • Indranil Bhattacharya,
  • Adeloye Ifeoluwa Ayomide,
  • Mary Vinolisha Antony Dhason,
  • Babatunde Damilare Soyoye and
  • Trapa Banik

Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) technology is rapidly emerging as the cornerstone of sustainable transportation, driven by advancements in battery technology, power electronics, and modern drivetrains. This paper presents a comprehensive review of c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
287 Views
18 Pages

31 December 2025

Currently, brake particle emissions from traffic are considered one of the dominant sources of particulate matter in the atmosphere. A recent question concerns the contribution to brake particles of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). The present work...

  • Article
  • Open Access
39 Citations
4,722 Views
19 Pages

2 April 2020

The purchase subsidy policy gives powerful support in battery electric vehicles’ (BEVs) market penetration. However, the purchase subsidy is also a huge financial burden for the government, so it can only be considered as a transitional measure...

  • Article
  • Open Access
75 Citations
9,507 Views
17 Pages

3 March 2019

Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are seen as the most promising alternatives to internal combustion vehicles, as a means to reduce the energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
5,161 Views
23 Pages

22 July 2022

The incentive policies of new energy vehicles substantially promoted the development of the electrical vehicles technology and industry in China. However, the environmental impact of the key technology parameters progress on the battery electrical ve...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,541 Views
9 Pages

Analysis of Electric Vehicles on Utility Networks

  • K. Dyke,
  • N. Schofield and
  • M. Barnes

25 December 2009

In order to satisfy the growing expectation for energy efficient eco-friendly transportation a number of vehicle concepts have emerged, including the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and battery electric vehicle (BEV). Vehicle dynamics necessitate caref...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
6,129 Views
20 Pages

Cloud-Based Big Data Platform for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G)

  • Florent Grée,
  • Vitaliia Laznikova,
  • Bill Kim,
  • Guillermo Garcia,
  • Tom Kigezi and
  • Bo Gao

Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) have increasingly become prevalent over the past years. BEVs can be regarded as a grid load and as a way to support the grid (energy buffering), provided this extensive battery usage does not affect the BEV’s pe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
5,183 Views
18 Pages

Challenges and Opportunities for Future BEVs Adoption in Croatia

  • Marko Emanović,
  • Martina Jakara and
  • Danijela Barić

1 July 2022

Electric vehicles (EVs) represent a revolution and the beginning of a new era in the development of the automotive industry. This study investigates the advantages and disadvantages of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and the possibilities of their b...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,501 Views
18 Pages

20 April 2023

Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) have an increasingly large share of the vehicle market. To ensure a safe and long operation of the mostly large underfloor-mounted traction batteries, they must be developed and tested in advance under realistic condi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
5,940 Views
21 Pages

26 October 2024

One of the most important functions of the battery management system (BMS) in battery electric vehicle (BEV) applications is to estimate the state of charge (SOC). In this study, several machine and deep learning techniques, such as linear regression...

  • Article
  • Open Access
47 Citations
2,358 Views
12 Pages

This paper examines the state-of-the-art and trends in vehicle concept as well as key technology development in the context of electric mobility in a time frame from 2002 until 2012. Thus, an extensive vehicle concept database was designed, covering...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,530 Views
17 Pages

This work develops scenario-based analyses for predicting in-vehicle performance degradation of automotive traction batteries. It combines recent capacity performance-based models of NCM-LMO Li-ion (Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide—Lithium Manganese Oxi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,367 Views
20 Pages

25 January 2022

This paper investigates the impact of environmental conditions on the possible output power of photovoltaic (PV) installations on top of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and battery-powered electric vehicles (BEVs). First, we discuss the characteristi...

  • Review
  • Open Access
7 Citations
10,848 Views
59 Pages

This work analyzes the electric vehicle (EV) sales trends of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and trends in the growth of Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC) charging infrastructure station sc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,430 Views
7 Pages

Total Solutions of System Integration and Development Technology for EV

  • Chien-An Chen,
  • Ming-Chih Lin and
  • Cheng-Shun Jiang

In recent years, the research of Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) focuses on energy storage systems, drive system and control strategy. However, one of the important subjects to enhance the performance of BEV is to research the parameters of transmissi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,333 Views
17 Pages

Market Electrification for BEV and PHEV in Relation to the Level of Vehicle Autonomy

  • Agnieszka Dudziak,
  • Paweł Droździel,
  • Monika Stoma and
  • Jacek Caban

25 April 2022

The automotive market has been developing very dynamically recently. Contemporary trends focus on the development of the so-called intelligent vehicles, often combined with modern technology and supporting systems. Cars with a large scope of operatio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
1,809 Views
12 Pages

Optimal Lightweighting in Battery Electric Vehicles

  • Johannes Hofer,
  • Erik Wilhelm and
  • Warren Schenler

28 September 2012

This paper presents an analytic solution to find the optimal amount of lightweighting in a battery electric vehicle (BEV). The additional cost of lightweighting is traded off against the cost savings due to the smaller battery and motor required at c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
2,814 Views
11 Pages

Driving cycles are used in various aspects of vehicle development and for the homologation of new vehicles. The character and duration of a cycle have a huge impact on the energy consumption for longitudinal dynamics and comfort functions. Current dr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
3,964 Views
26 Pages

Charging Behavior of Electric Vehicles: Temporal Clustering Based on Real-World Data

  • Alexandra Märtz,
  • Uwe Langenmayr,
  • Sabrina Ried,
  • Katrin Seddig and
  • Patrick Jochem

8 September 2022

The increasing adoption of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is leading to rising demand for electricity and, thus, leading to new challenges for the energy system and, particularly, the electricity grid. However, there is a broad consensus that the c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
122 Citations
20,857 Views
15 Pages

From Cell to Battery System in BEVs: Analysis of System Packing Efficiency and Cell Types

  • Hendrik Löbberding,
  • Saskia Wessel,
  • Christian Offermanns,
  • Mario Kehrer,
  • Johannes Rother,
  • Heiner Heimes and
  • Achim Kampker

The motivation of this paper is to identify possible directions for future developments in the battery system structure for BEVs to help choosing the right cell for a system. A standard battery system that powers electrified vehicles is composed of m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
8,633 Views
17 Pages

Reliability Study of BEV Powertrain System and Its Components—A Case Study

  • Qian Tang,
  • Xiong Shu,
  • Guanghui Zhu,
  • Jiande Wang and
  • Huan Yang

27 April 2021

The powertrain system is critical to the reliability of a battery electric vehicle (BEV). However, the BEV powertrain is a complex system; it includes the motor, motor controller, power distribution unit, battery system, etc. The failure of any of th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,571 Views
10 Pages

A choice-based conjoint analysis on the market potential of PHEVs and BEVs in Flanders

  • Kenneth Lebeau,
  • Joeri Van Mierlo,
  • Philippe Lebeau,
  • Olivier Mairesse and
  • Cathy Macharis

28 December 2012

In this paper, the market potential for electric vehicles (EVs) in Flanders (Belgium) is forecasted with the use of a choice-based conjoint (CBC) analysis. In May 2011, a large-scale survey was conducted (n = 1.197). The goal of the survey was twofol...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,216 Views
13 Pages

8 July 2025

This paper explores the implementation of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in underground mining operations, focusing on their benefits, challenges, and safety considerations. The study examines the shift from traditional diesel-powered machinery to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
758 Views
20 Pages

E-Private Mobility Index: A Novel Tool for Assessing BEV Transition Feasibility

  • Silvia Strada,
  • Raffaele Giuseppe Cestari,
  • Antonio Pagliaroli and
  • Sergio Matteo Savaresi

28 April 2025

While the speed of the transition to battery electric vehicles (BEVs) depends on real-world driving behaviors and socioeconomic conditions, relevant predictions are often not based on real trip data. This study analyzes over 200,000 private car trips...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
5,396 Views
26 Pages

Effect of Policies to Accelerate the Adoption of Battery Electric Vehicles in Finland—A Delphi Study

  • Sheba Nair,
  • Riku Viri,
  • Johanna Mäkinen,
  • Markus Pöllänen,
  • Heikki Liimatainen and
  • Steve O’Hern

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transport contribute significantly to climate change. Some of the transport policies with the greatest potential to mitigate climate change are related to zero-emission vehicles. This study aimed to analyse the dif...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,536 Views
32 Pages

16 May 2025

This study conducts a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost (LCC) analysis of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and gasoline vehicles (GVs) in Heilongjiang Province, China, under cold climate conditions and a coal dominated elect...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,902 Views
16 Pages

BEVs (Battery Electric Vehicles) have received widespread attention from various countries for their potential in combating global warming, the energy crisis, and environmental pollution. The driving range and energy consumption of BEVs vary signific...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,373 Views
24 Pages

Privileging Electric Vehicles as an Element of Promoting Sustainable Urban Mobility—Effects on the Local Transport System in a Large Metropolis in Poland

  • Marta Borowska-Stefańska,
  • Michał Kowalski,
  • Paulina Kurzyk,
  • Miroslava Mikušová and
  • Szymon Wiśniewski

25 June 2021

The main purpose of this article was to determine the impact on the equilibrium of the local transport system from privileging EVs by permitting them to use bus lanes. The study used two sets of data: information on infrastructure and traffic managem...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,199 Views
18 Pages

5 December 2025

This study examines how government policy tools shape consumer adoption of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in Taiwan. By extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) focusing on three external government policy factors—legislative direction...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,736 Views
20 Pages

In recent years, the push towards electrifying transportation has gained significant traction, with battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) emerging as a viable alternative. However, the widespread adoption of BEVs faces multiple challenges, such as limited...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
114 Views
49 Pages

12 January 2026

Predicting energy consumption in battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is a complex task due to the large number of influencing factors and their interdependencies. Nevertheless, reliable energy consumption estimation is essential to reduce range anxiety,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
14,452 Views
24 Pages

Evaluating Carbon Emissions: A Lifecycle Comparison Between Electric and Conventional Vehicles

  • Farhan Hameed Malik,
  • Walid Ayadi,
  • Ghulam Amjad Hussain,
  • Zunaib Maqsood Haider,
  • Fawwaz Alkhatib and
  • Matti Lehtonen

Due to global warming, ozone depletion and their ramifications on the Arctic and Antarctic snowscapes, there has been an incentivized drive towards net zero-carbon emission policies by several countries. These policies extend to several sectors, incl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,508 Views
22 Pages

25 January 2025

In recent years, increased environmental awareness has led consumers to adopt more eco-friendly lifestyles, including choosing green products to reduce their impact on the environment. With a particular focus on the green consumption behavior with re...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,177 Views
28 Pages

Charging behavior is essential to understanding the real performance and evaluating the sustainability of battery electric vehicle (BEV) development and providing the basis for optimal infrastructure deployment. However, it is very hard to obtain the...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,623 Views
27 Pages

Method of Determining New Locations for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Using GIS Tools

  • Piotr Soczówka,
  • Michał Lasota,
  • Piotr Franke and
  • Renata Żochowska

10 September 2024

The growing awareness of environmental issues, climate policies, and rapidly developing technologies is contributing to the increasing number of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) around the world. A key requirement for their widespread implementation...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,847 Views
16 Pages

This contribution deals with the topic of the consistent further development of a wheel hub motor for battery electric vehicles (BEV) based on the principle of an outer rotor switched reluctance machine (SRM). The research work presented in this pape...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,279 Views
18 Pages

13 December 2019

This paper studies control strategies for adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems in battery electric vehicles (BEVs). A hierarchical control structure is adopted for the ACC system, and the structure contains an upper controller and a lower controller...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,243 Views
22 Pages

Environmental Implications of the National Power Roadmap with Policy Directives for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)

  • Solhee Kim,
  • Rylie E. O. Pelton,
  • Timothy M. Smith,
  • Jimin Lee,
  • Jeongbae Jeon and
  • Kyo Suh

25 November 2019

The environmental impact of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) largely depends on the environmental profile of the national electric power grid that enables their operation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the environmental performance of BEV u...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,063 Views
10 Pages

This paper focuses on a front-and-rear-wheel-independent-drive-type-electric vehicle (FRID EV) which is being developed as the next generation EV with ideal characteristics of driving performance and safety. The FRID EV development work has included...

  • Article
  • Open Access
88 Citations
34,152 Views
31 Pages

9 February 2020

This study compares the environmental impacts of petrol, diesel, natural gas, and electric vehicles using a process-based attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) and the ReCiPe characterization method that captures 18 impact categories and the sing...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,936 Views
16 Pages

The U.S. Department of Energy’s Vehicle Technologies Office (DOE-VTO) supports research and development (R&D), as well as deployment of efficient and sustainable transportation technologies, that will improve energy efficiency and fuel economy an...

  • Review
  • Open Access
14 Citations
7,557 Views
25 Pages

All electric vehicles are the only way to decarbonize transport quickly and substantially. Although multilevel inverters have already been used in some transportation modes, they are rarely used in road transportation, especially in light-duty passen...

  • Review
  • Open Access
117 Citations
13,945 Views
26 Pages

Electric Vehicles: V2G for Rapid, Safe, and Green EV Penetration

  • Abdullah Dik,
  • Siddig Omer and
  • Rabah Boukhanouf

22 January 2022

Low carbon and renewable energy sources (RESs) are fast becoming a key sustainable instrument in meeting the global growth of electricity demand while curbing carbon emissions. For example, the gradual displacement of fossil-fuelled vehicles with ele...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,304 Views
16 Pages

We developed and used methodology to analyze scientific publications in Scopus relating to vehicle electrification and associated key enabling technologies: batteries, fuel cells and electric machines with power electronics. The global research lands...

  • Concept Paper
  • Open Access
44 Citations
8,056 Views
12 Pages

Many initiatives and policies attempt to make our air cleaner by reducing the carbon foot imprint on our planet. Most of the existing and planned initiatives have as their objectives the reduction of carbon dependency and the enhancement of newer or...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
6,074 Views
23 Pages

This article aims to investigate the economic feasibility of renewing a fleet of diesel light commercial vehicles (LCVs) with equivalent more environmentally friendly vehicles in the distribution of frozen and chilled foods. A Total Cost of Ownership...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,451 Views
13 Pages

Further advances in hardware and software features are needed to optimize battery and thermal management systems to allow for the execution of longer trips in electric vehicles. This paper assesses the economic and environmental impacts of the follow...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,129 Views
7 Pages

The San Francisco Bay Area (Bay Area) leads the United States and California in the rate of electric vehicle (EV) adoption. However, EVs only represent 3% of vehicles driving on Bay Area roads. Widespread EV adoption requires that all Bay Area reside...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,369 Views
6 Pages

Paper deals with operating range of hybrid car using electric power splitter and battery or super capacitor under special military condition. Special attention is paid to military vehicles having a duty to move in defined territory without using the...

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