23,310 Results Found

Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) is prevalent worldwide and has caused significant economic losses. As the predominant serotype in China, DHAV-3 has become a major challenge to the local duck industry. Here the genetics and pathogenesis of a virulent DH...

Research on shock wave mitigation in channels has been a topic of much attention in the shock wave community. One approach to attenuate an incident shock wave is to use obstacles of various geometries arranged in different patterns. This work is insp...

Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) is the cause of pancreas disease and sleeping disease in farmed salmonid fish in Europe. The spread of these diseases has been difficult to control with biosecurity and current vaccination strategies, and increased understan...

Cronobacter sakazakii is a foodborne pathogen, which causes a life-threatening form of meningitis, necrotizing colitis and meningoencephalitis in neonates and children. Epidemiological studies implicate dried infant formula as the principal source of...

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection is often associated with satellite RNA (satRNA), which can sometimes interfere with the replication and symptom expression of CMV. However, the mechanism underlying symptom attenuation has remained unclear. We pr...

Combined exposure of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and trace metal lead (Pb) in ambient air is unavoidable. Most of the previous studies on the toxicity of SWCNTs and Pb have been conducted individually. There is a scarcity of information o...

The traditional acoustic attenuation coefficient is derived from an analogy of the attenuation of an electromagnetic wave propagating inside a non-ideal medium, featuring only the attenuation of wave propagation. Nonetheless, the particles inside vis...

Fish biomass and stock assessment are estimated from acoustic volume backscattering strengths (Sv) obtained from various hydroacoustic equipment. Although sound attenuation due to fish schools and water influences the Sv value, only attenuation from...

This work determined the attenuation coefficients of Lamb waves of ten engineering materials and compared the results with calculated Lamb-wave attenuation coefficients, α–S and α–A. The Disperse program and a parametric metho...

Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) have prevented morbidity and mortality associated with influenza viral infections for many years and represent the best therapeutic option to protect against influenza viral infections in humans. However, the...

In GeoSurf satellite constellations, any transmitter/receiver, wherever it is located, is linked to a satellite with zenith paths. We have studied the tropospheric attenuation predicted for some reference sites (Canberra, Holmdel, Pasadena, Robledo,...

In order to study the frequency-dependent attenuation characteristics of high-frequency elastic waves in rock-like materials, we conducted high-frequency elastic wave attenuation experiments on marble, granite, and red sandstone rods, and investigate...

Aluminum–Magnesium (Al–Mg) alloys undergo sensitization, i.e., the precipitations of β-phase (Al2Mg3) at the grain boundaries, when exposed to elevated temperature. This microstructural change increases the susceptibility of Al&ndash...

This paper presents a novel algorithm based on the attenuation horizontal component for wind direction retrieval from X-band marine radar images. The range dependence of radar return on the ocean surface can be presented in radar images, and the rada...

Background/Objectives: Understanding virulence determinants can inform safer and more efficacious live attenuated vaccine design. However, applying this knowledge across related viruses does not always result in conserved phenotypes from similar muta...

To study the effect of frequency on the attenuation characteristics of acoustic emission signals in wood, in this paper, two types of hard wood and soft wood were studied separately, and the energy attenuation model of the propagation process of AE s...

Pasteurella multocida is capable of infecting various animal species, causing hemorrhagic septicemia or infectious pneumonia, and it is widely prevalent and pathogenic worldwide. However, the prevention and control technologies for animal pasteurello...

Ultrasonic attenuation measurements were conducted on cross-ply and quasi-isotropic lay-ups of eight types of carbon-fiber reinforced composites (CFRPs) using through-transmission methods with diffraction correction. Attenuation values were substanti...

This work aims to experimentally report the radiation attenuation factors for four different clays (red, ball, kaolin and bentonite clays) at four selected energies (emitted from Am-241, Cs-137, and Co-60). The highest relative difference in the mass...

The research on the attenuation law of blasting vibration has become the foundation and precondition of the effective control of blasting vibration damage. Aiming at the characteristics of low frequency, low velocity, and strong amplitude of the R wa...

Our previous investigation of the nucleolar localisation sequence (NoLS) of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) capsid protein demonstrated the role of capsid in CHIKV virulence. Mutating the NoLS of capsid in CHIKV led to the development of a unique live-atte...

Seismic attenuation is often calculated by attenuated travel time tomography. The accuracy of this method is controlled by the precision of attenuated travel time. In this paper, a novel T* revise in attenuated travel time tomography method for Q inv...

Seismic bulletin data collected by the Iranian Seismological Center are used to image crust and mantle seismic attenuation, group velocity, and phase velocities for Lg, Pg, Sn, and Pn phases. This is possible because the peak amplitude time is picked...

Millimeter-wave (30–300 GHz) frequency is a promising candidate for 5G and beyond wireless networks, but atmospheric elements limit radio links at this frequency band. Rainfall is the significant atmospheric element that causes attenuation in the pro...

Live-attenuated vaccines are the most effective way to establish robust, long-lasting immunity against viruses. However, the possibility of reversion to wild type replication and pathogenicity raises concerns over the safety of these vaccines. The us...

For triple-frequency radar, the attenuation attributed to atmospheric gases and stratiform clouds is diverse due to different snowfall microphysical properties, particularly in regions far from the radar. When using triple-frequency ground-based rada...

Layered periodic foundations (LPFs) with identical unit cells have been proposed as a type of seismic metamaterials due to the unique dynamic characteristic of attenuation zones. However, it is difficult to design attenuation zones with both comparat...

For patients who are often embarrassed and uncomfortable when exposing their breasts and having them touched by physicians of different genders during auscultation, we are developing a robotic system that performs auscultation over clothing. As the t...

In the field of geological exploration and wave propagation theory, particularly in heterogeneous attenuating media, the stability of numerical simulations is a significant challenge for implementing effective attenuation compensation strategies. Con...

This study investigated the impact of optically active substances on light attenuation in a tropical eutrophic urban reservoir under different seasonal conditions. Diffuse attenuation coefficients for photosynthetically active radiation (KdPAR) and u...

The highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) emerged in China in 2010. It infects pigs of all ages, and causes severe diarrhea and high mortality rates in newborn pigs, leading to devastating economic losses in the pork industry worldwi...

A low insertion loss, wideband 6-bit digital step attenuator is implemented in the 0.25-μm GaAs pHEMT process. Modified π- or T-type attenuator structures are adopted to expand the operation frequency bandwidth and reduce the insertion phase vi...

This paper presents a three-channel reconfigurable step attenuator based on radio frequency (RF) microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switches, in response to the current issues of high insertion loss and low attenuation accuracy of attenuators. The...

In this paper, ultrasonic attenuation of the transverse waves of engineering materials is evaluated, covering metals, ceramics, polymers, fiber-reinforced plastics, and rocks. After verifying experimental methods, 273 measurements are conducted and t...

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a correction for annihilation photon attenuation in small objects such as mice is necessary. The attenuation recovery for specific organs and subcutaneous tumors was investigated. A comparison betw...

Entrepreneurs carrying out mining works under seismic hazard conditions are obliged to conduct studies in the field of engineering geophysics, including measuring, interpreting and evaluating the effects of rock mass tremors on ground vibration param...

Distributed attenuation in flood management relies on small and low-impact runoff attenuating features variously distributed within a catchment. Distributed systems of reservoirs, natural flood management, and green infrastructure are practical examp...

In this study, a new type of double-pontoon floating breakwater was designed to improve the wave attenuation performance through the addition of suspended Savonius propeller-blade. Its hydrodynamic characteristics were studied through numerical simul...

In this study, an accurate attenuation measurement system with high attenuation capability (≥100 dB) is presented, covering a broad radio frequency range from 1 GHz to 25 GHz. The system employs a dual-channel intermediate frequency (IF) substitut...

Free-space optical (FSO) communication is a line-of-sight (LOS) communication technology that uses light, typically lasers, to transmit data through the atmosphere. FSO can provide high data transfer rates, but factors like weather conditions can aff...

The growing demand for traceable, high-precision attenuation measurements in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing and low-frequency wireless communication systems has driven the development of a primary attenuation standard covering 1 kHz to 1...

Rain attenuation becomes significant to degrade the earth-space or terrestrial radio link’s signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). So, to maintain the desired SNR level, with the help of fade mitigation techniques (FMTs), it needs to control transmitted...

Investigating the absorption and scattering effects of atmospheric particles, i.e., raindrops and fog droplets, is required to establish a comprehensive and accurate channel model. However, for long-distance communication in outdoor scenarios, resear...

The attenuation of resonant frequencies across the entire spectrum of an audio signal is important because it helps to eliminate the harshness, sibilance, clear muddiness, boominess, and proximity effect of any sound source. This paper presents a met...

Due to the development of aviation hydraulic systems towards high pressure and high flow, the frequency range of pressure pulsation becomes wider, and the amplitude of pulsation increases. This puts higher requirements on the attenuation characterist...

This review highlights the role of temperature sensitivity, a common feature of attenuated virus vaccines, in mediating attenuation. Viral attenuation mechanisms were analyzed by comparing vaccine characteristics and genes with those of wild-type vir...

Ultrasonic attenuation coefficients of ceramic and inorganic materials were determined for the longitudinal and transverse wave modes. Sample materials included hard and soft ceramics, common ceramics, ceramic-matrix composites, mortars, silicate gla...

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a very concerning pathogen due to its ability to persist in the host’s nervous system and continuously interfere with the immune system, which complicates treatment. Therefore, the development of an effect...

The city of Zagreb (Croatian capital) is situated in the contact area of three major regional tectonic units: the SE Alps, NW Dinarides, and Tisza Unit in the southwestern margin of the Pannonian Basin. The Zagreb seismic zone encompasses the Medvedn...

In 1929, it was reported that yellowing symptoms caused by a tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) yellow mosaic isolate were suppressed in tobacco plants that were systemically infected with a TMV light green isolate. Similar to vaccination, the phenomenon of...