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193 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,121 Views
14 Pages

Development, Optimization, Biological Assays, and In Situ Field Immersion of a Transparent Piezoelectric Vibrating System for Antifouling Applications

  • Lucas Grilli,
  • Fabrice Casset,
  • Christine Bressy,
  • Hugues Brisset,
  • Jean-François Briand,
  • Raphaëlle Barry-Martinet and
  • Mikael Colin

2 February 2022

This paper presents the development and experimentations of transparent vibrating piezoelectric micromembranes dedicated to protecting immersed measurement instruments from marine biofouling. As any surface immersed is subject to the adhesion and set...

  • Review
  • Open Access
28 Citations
7,683 Views
26 Pages

7 August 2024

The adherence of pathogenic microorganisms to surfaces and their association to form antibiotic-resistant biofilms threatens public health and affects several industrial sectors with significant economic losses. For this reason, the medical, pharmace...

  • Review
  • Open Access
43 Citations
7,148 Views
26 Pages

Polybetaines in Biomedical Applications

  • Stefania Racovita,
  • Marin-Aurel Trofin,
  • Diana Felicia Loghin,
  • Marius-Mihai Zaharia,
  • Florin Bucatariu,
  • Marcela Mihai and
  • Silvia Vasiliu

28 August 2021

Polybetaines, that have moieties bearing both cationic (quaternary ammonium group) and anionic groups (carboxylate, sulfonate, phosphate/phosphinate/phosphonate groups) situated in the same structural unit represent an important class of smart polyme...

  • Review
  • Open Access
59 Citations
7,505 Views
39 Pages

Nanostructured Surface Finishing and Coatings: Functional Properties and Applications

  • Ileana Ielo,
  • Fausta Giacobello,
  • Silvia Sfameni,
  • Giulia Rando,
  • Maurilio Galletta,
  • Valentina Trovato,
  • Giuseppe Rosace and
  • Maria Rosaria Plutino

22 May 2021

This review presents current literature on different nanocomposite coatings and surface finishing for textiles, and in particular this study has focused on smart materials, drug-delivery systems, industrial, antifouling and nano/ultrafiltration membr...

  • Review
  • Open Access
21 Citations
7,911 Views
22 Pages

Materials Selection for Antifouling Systems in Marine Structures

  • Bradley Donnelly,
  • Karl Sammut and
  • Youhong Tang

Fouling is the accumulation of unwanted substances, such as proteins, organisms, and inorganic molecules, on marine infrastructure such as pylons, boats, or pipes due to exposure to their environment. As fouling accumulates, it can have many adverse...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,545 Views
13 Pages

Comparative Study on the Degradation of Two Self-Polishing Antifouling Coating Systems with Copper-Based Antifouling Agents

  • Hanlu Zhang,
  • Jingyi Cao,
  • Li Sun,
  • Fabao Kong,
  • Jianhua Tang,
  • Xuhui Zhao,
  • Yuming Tang and
  • Yu Zuo

10 August 2022

The degradation processes of two self-polishing antifouling coatings containing copper-based agents (CuSCN and Cu2O) in 3.5% NaCl solution and the protection effect of the coating systems were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS),...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
7,820 Views
22 Pages

Evaluation of Zosteric Acid for Mitigating Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas putida Isolated from a Membrane Bioreactor System

  • Andrea Polo,
  • Paola Foladori,
  • Benedetta Ponti,
  • Roberta Bettinetti,
  • Michela Gambino,
  • Federica Villa and
  • Francesca Cappitelli

28 May 2014

This study provides data to define an efficient biocide-free strategy based on zosteric acid to counteract biofilm formation on the membranes of submerged bioreactor system plants. 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis showed that gammaproteobacteria w...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,204 Views
37 Pages

Molecular Design and Nanoarchitectonics of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Sol–Gel Systems for Antifouling Coatings

  • Markus Bös,
  • Ludwig Gabler,
  • Willi Max Leopold,
  • Max Steudel,
  • Mareike Weigel and
  • Konstantin Kraushaar

25 November 2024

Environmental protection, especially fouling protection, is a very topical and wide-ranging issue. This review explores the development, molecular design, and nanoarchitectonics of sol–gel-based hybrid coatings for antifouling applications. The...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,148 Views
16 Pages

24 July 2025

Marine biofouling significantly impacts the performance and longevity of polymer-based marine structures, particularly those designed for hydrodynamic applications such as Vortex-Induced Vibration suppression systems. Traditional antifouling solution...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,059 Views
17 Pages

Degradation of Two Anti-Corrosion and Anti-Fouling Coating Systems in Simulated Diurnal Cycling Immersion

  • Hanlu Zhang,
  • Fabao Kong,
  • Yiyang Chen,
  • Xuhui Zhao,
  • Yuming Tang and
  • Yu Zuo

8 February 2023

The degradation process and the electrochemical behavior of two anti-corrosion and anti-fouling coating systems (FW-1 and FW-2) in a simulated diurnal cycling immersion environment (3.5% NaCl, 35 °C 12 h + 25 °C 12 h) were investigated by ele...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
7,775 Views
13 Pages

Anti-Fouling Ceramic Coating for Improving the Energy Efficiency of Steel Boiler Systems

  • Minh Dat Nguyen,
  • Jung Won Bang,
  • Young Hee Kim,
  • An Su Bin,
  • Kyu Hong Hwang,
  • Vuong-Hung Pham and
  • Woo-Teck Kwon

2 October 2018

Boilers are systems used mainly to generate steam in industries and waste-to-energy facilities. During operation, heat transfer loss occurs because a fouling layer with low thermal conductivity is deposited on the external surfaces of the boiler tube...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,380 Views
15 Pages

Designing a Laboratory Bioassay for Evaluating the Efficacy of Antifouling Paints on Amphibalanus amphitrite Using a Flow-Through System

  • Ryuji Kojima,
  • Seiji Kobayashi,
  • Kiyotaka Matsumura,
  • Cyril Glenn Perez Satuito,
  • Yasuyuki Seki,
  • Hirotomo Ando and
  • Ichiro Katsuyama

12 February 2019

With the aim of establishing a protocol for evaluating the efficacy of antifouling paints on different organisms, a flow-through laboratory test using triangular boxes was developed for cyprids of the barnacle Amphibalanus (=Balanus) amphitrite. Six...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,335 Views
17 Pages

Behavioural Responses to Ultrasound Antifouling Systems by Adult Solitary Ascidians

  • Roberta Varello,
  • Davide Asnicar,
  • Jacopo Boaga and
  • Francesca Cima

Ultrasonic antifouling devices are installed globally on a variety of vessel types and are marketed as an environmentally friendly method for biofouling control. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of ultrasound on adults of three specie...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,014 Views
32 Pages

Concept of a Cyber–Physical System for Control of a Self-Cleaning Aquaponic Unit

  • Kristiyan Dimitrov,
  • Nayden Chivarov,
  • Stefan Chivarov,
  • Tsvetelina Paunova-Krasteva,
  • Emil Filipov and
  • Albena Daskalova

The article aims to present a cyber–physical system (CPS) to support the cultivation of aquaculture in a closed aquaponic system using the deep-water culture (DWC) method. The CPS uses precision sensors as TriOxmatic 700 IQ (for dissolved oxyge...

  • Editorial
  • Open Access
5 Citations
8,251 Views
7 Pages

Editorial of the Special Issue Antimicrobial Polymers

  • Antonella Piozzi and
  • Iolanda Francolini

3 September 2013

The special issue “Antimicrobial Polymers” includes research and review papers concerning the recent advances on preparation of antimicrobial polymers and their relevance to industrial settings and biomedical field. Antimicrobial polymers have recent...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,508 Views
11 Pages

Eco-Friendly Capsaicin-Containing Water-Based Antifouling Coatings for Marine Aquaculture

  • Zeynep Beyazkilic,
  • Mirko Faccini,
  • Ana Maria Escobar and
  • Lorenzo Bautista

15 September 2023

Natural antifoulants have received significant interest in the search for non- or less-toxic antifouling coating systems for marine structures. Capsaicin, a natural compound that can be found in chili peppers, is known as an environmentally friendly...

  • Review
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,519 Views
22 Pages

Integration of Antifouling and Anti-Cavitation Coatings on Propellers: A Review

  • Jingying Zhang,
  • Weihua Qin,
  • Wenrui Chen,
  • Zenghui Feng,
  • Dongheng Wu,
  • Lanxuan Liu and
  • Yang Wang

15 September 2023

The performance of an entire ship is increasingly impacted by propellers, which are the essential components of a ship’s propulsion system that have growing significance in a variety of aspects. Consequently, it has been a hot research topic an...

  • Review
  • Open Access
36 Citations
9,216 Views
35 Pages

21 December 2020

Organic coatings for marine applications must have great corrosion protection and antifouling performance. This review presents an overview of recent investigations into coating microstructure, corrosion protection performance, antifouling behavior,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
5,262 Views
9 Pages

Surface Probe Linker with Tandem Anti-Fouling Properties for Application in Biosensor Technology

  • Sandro Spagnolo,
  • Brian De La Franier,
  • Tibor Hianik and
  • Michael Thompson

3 March 2020

This paper describes the anti-fouling capability of the novel monolayer-forming surface linker 3-(3-(trichlorosilylpropyloxy) propanoyl chloride (MEG-Cl). This compound was successfully attached to quartz crystal surfaces which are employed in an ele...

  • Technical Note
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,262 Views
8 Pages

A Test Device for Microalgal Antifouling Using Fluctuating pH Values on Conductive Paints

  • Norbert Kamjunke,
  • Uwe Spohn,
  • Christian Morig,
  • Georg Wagner and
  • Thomas R. Neu

4 June 2020

Due to the current dependence on biocidal antifouling coatings for biofouling control, there is a continuing international challenge to develop more environmentally acceptable antifouling systems. Fluctuating the pH values on paint surfaces is one of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,660 Views
11 Pages

27 November 2023

Marine biofouling is a worldwide problem in marine systems. Nowadays, innovative non-toxic antifouling and fouling-release materials are highly desirable. In this study, a strategy for preparing antifouling and fouling-release materials via one-step...

  • Article
  • Open Access
231 Views
17 Pages

The Cu Ions Releasing Behavior of Cu-Ti Pseudo Alloy Antifouling Anode Deposited by Cold Spray in Marine Environment

  • Yan Su,
  • Fulei Cai,
  • Yuhao Wang,
  • Shuai Wu,
  • Hongren Wang,
  • Jiancai Qian,
  • Li Ma and
  • Guosheng Huang

5 December 2025

Many special structures such as pipeline, revolving gears, and tanks suffer from biofouling used in marine environment, which could induce serious results in the ship system such as blockage and stuck, consequently lead to failure of the mechanical s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,078 Views
10 Pages

16 May 2022

In view of the nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source pollution caused by paddy field drainage in southern China, two paddy fields in Nanjing and Yuyao cities were selected to study the effect of plant buffer zone–antifouling curtain walls on...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,312 Views
16 Pages

16 March 2022

In medical environments, polymeric surfaces tend to become contaminated, hindering the treatment and recovery from diseases. Biofouling-resistant materials, such as zwitterionic polymers, may mitigate this problem. In this work, the modification of P...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,029 Views
14 Pages

Dual Biocide Behaviour of Quaternary Ammonium Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Loaded with Thymus Essential Oil for Stone Conservation

  • Federico Olivieri,
  • Elena Orlo,
  • Elodia Spinelli,
  • Rachele Castaldo,
  • Gennaro Gentile,
  • Silvia Licoccia,
  • Margherita Lavorgna and
  • Marino Lavorgna

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) functionalized with silane quaternary ammonium compounds (SiQACs) were synthesized and utilized as carriers for thymus essential oil (TO), a green bio-antifouling agent. The synthesis of MSNs functionalized with...

  • Review
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,564 Views
13 Pages

30 August 2023

Barnacles, a prevalent fouler organism in intertidal zones, has long been a source of annoyance due to significant economic losses and ecological impacts. Numerous antifouling approaches have been explored, including extensive research on antifouling...

  • Review
  • Open Access
18 Citations
6,942 Views
22 Pages

Advances in the Synthesis and Application of Anti-Fouling Membranes Using Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

  • Asif Shahzad,
  • Jae-Min Oh,
  • Mudassar Azam,
  • Jibran Iqbal,
  • Sabir Hussain,
  • Waheed Miran and
  • Kashif Rasool

This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent progress in the application of advanced two-dimensional nanomaterials (2DNMs) in membranes fabrication and application for water purification. The membranes fouling, its types, and anti-fouli...

  • Article
  • Open Access
589 Views
13 Pages

Long-Term Field Monitoring of Biofouling Characteristics in the Yellow Sea off Jeju Island, South Korea

  • Ji Hyung Kim,
  • Hoon Jung,
  • Yoon Seok Chae,
  • Ho Min Kim,
  • Jin-Seok Lim,
  • Hae-Jong Kim and
  • Sung Hoon Lee

30 September 2025

Biofouling on offshore wind farm substructures threatens operational reliability and raises maintenance demands, underscoring the need for effective antifouling strategies. This study presents a 27-month evaluation of fouling development on a convent...

  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
4,955 Views
15 Pages

Cefotaxime Loaded Polycaprolactone Based Polymeric Nanoparticles with Antifouling Properties for In-Vitro Drug Release Applications

  • Sana Javaid,
  • Nasir M. Ahmad,
  • Azhar Mahmood,
  • Habib Nasir,
  • Mudassir Iqbal,
  • Naveed Ahmad and
  • Sundus Irshad

30 June 2021

The objective of the present study was to achieve the successful encapsulation of a therapeutic agent to achieve antifouling functionality regarding biomedical applications. Considering nanotechnology, drug-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL)-based nanopar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,036 Views
31 Pages

Investigation of Corrosion and Fouling in a Novel Biocide-Free Antifouling Coating on Steel

  • Polyxeni Vourna,
  • Pinelopi P. Falara and
  • Nikolaos D. Papadopoulos

15 July 2025

Antifouling coatings are integral to the maritime economy. The efficacy of the applied painting system is closely correlated with susceptibility to fouling and the adhesion strength of contaminants. A fouled hull might result in an elevated fuel cons...

  • Review
  • Open Access
520 Views
37 Pages

10 December 2025

Real-time monitoring is essential for maintaining water quality and optimizing aquaculture productivity. Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are widely used to measure key parameters such as pH, nitrate, and dissolved oxygen in aquatic environments. Howe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,521 Views
13 Pages

With the continuous exploitation of the marine resources, the equipment should meet the marine complex working environment. In this study, a type of environmentally friendly coating was prepared. Based on low surface energy environmental protection a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,339 Views
14 Pages

A major challenge in the shipping and marine industry is the biofouling on under water surfaces. So far, biocides have been the main remedy for the prevention of the adhesion of microorganisms that is also influenced by surface topography. In recent...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
17 Citations
6,057 Views
12 Pages

Additives for Efficient Biodegradable Antifouling Paints

  • Fabienne Faÿ,
  • Maëlle Gouessan,
  • Isabelle Linossier and
  • Karine Réhel

The evolution of regulations concerning biocidal products aims to increase protection of the environment (e.g., EU Regulation No 528/2012) and requires the development of new non-toxic anti-fouling (AF) systems. The development of these formulations...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
4,533 Views
17 Pages

One Step Forward towards the Development of Eco-Friendly Antifouling Coatings: Immobilization of a Sulfated Marine-Inspired Compound

  • Cátia Vilas-Boas,
  • Francisca Carvalhal,
  • Beatriz Pereira,
  • Sílvia Carvalho,
  • Emília Sousa,
  • Madalena M. M. Pinto,
  • Maria José Calhorda,
  • Vitor Vasconcelos,
  • Joana R. Almeida and
  • Elisabete R. Silva
  • + 1 author

25 September 2020

Marine biofouling represents a global economic and ecological challenge and few eco-friendly antifouling agents are available. The aim of this work was to establish the proof of concept that a recently synthesized nature-inspired compound (gallic aci...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,163 Views
15 Pages

Virtual Screening of a Library of Naturally Occurring Anthraquinones for Potential Anti-Fouling Agents

  • Gagan Preet,
  • Rishi Vachaspathy Astakala,
  • Jessica Gomez-Banderas,
  • Joy Ebenezer Rajakulendran,
  • Ahlam Haj Hasan,
  • Rainer Ebel and
  • Marcel Jaspars

19 January 2023

Marine biofouling is the undesired accumulation of organic molecules, microorganisms, macroalgae, marine invertebrates, and their by-products on submerged surfaces. It is a serious challenge for marine vessels and the oil, gas, and renewable energy i...

  • Review
  • Open Access
34 Citations
18,593 Views
39 Pages

26 November 2024

With the rapid development of marine engineering, effective antifouling and anti-corrosion technologies are essential for ensuring the safety and longevity of marine facilities. This review synthesizes current research on various coating technologies...

  • Review
  • Open Access
108 Citations
13,977 Views
34 Pages

Recent Advances in Zwitterionic Hydrogels: Preparation, Property, and Biomedical Application

  • Sihang Liu,
  • Jingyi Tang,
  • Fangqin Ji,
  • Weifeng Lin and
  • Shengfu Chen

7 January 2022

Nonspecific protein adsorption impedes the sustainability of materials in biologically related applications. Such adsorption activates the immune system by quick identification of allogeneic materials and triggers a rejection, resulting in the rapid...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
743 Views
14 Pages

Influence of Er- and Al-Doped ZnO on Mixed-Matrix Membranes of Chitosan Derivatives in Bioelectrochemical Systems

  • Santiago Alvear Méndez,
  • Raúl Bahamonde Soria,
  • Daniel Arboleda,
  • Carlos Cevallos,
  • Christian Alcívar,
  • Yessenia Jimenez,
  • Rommy Teran,
  • Henry Pupiales and
  • Patricia Luis

16 September 2025

Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are technologies capable of converting chemical energy into electrical energy or producing value-added compounds. These systems typically employ Nafion membranes as proton exchange separators; however, Nafion is cost...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
2,766 Views
21 Pages

Synthesis and Characterisation of Self-Cleaning TiO2/PES Mixed Matrix Membranes in the Removal of Humic Acid

  • Yan Kee Poon,
  • Siti Kartini Enche Ab Rahim,
  • Qi Hwa Ng,
  • Peng Yong Hoo,
  • Nur Yasmin Abdullah,
  • Amira Nasib and
  • Norazharuddin Shah Abdullah

Membrane application is widespread in water filtration to remove natural organic matter (NOM), especially humic acid. However, there is a significant concern in membrane filtration, which is fouling, which will cause a reduction in the membrane life...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,486 Views
22 Pages

Marine biofouling is a worldwide problem in coastal areas and affects the maritime industry primarily by attachment of fouling organisms to solid immersed surfaces. Biofilm formation by microbes is the main cause of biofouling. Currently, application...

  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
6,923 Views
12 Pages

Antimacrofouling Efficacy of Innovative Inorganic Nanomaterials Loaded with Booster Biocides

  • Eldad Gutner-Hoch,
  • Roberto Martins,
  • Tania Oliveira,
  • Frederico Maia,
  • Amadeu M. V. M. Soares,
  • Susana Loureiro,
  • Chen Piller,
  • Iris Preiss,
  • Michal Weis and
  • Severine B. Larroze
  • + 3 authors

The application of nano-structured compounds has been increasing rapidly in recent years, in several fields. The use of engineered nano-materials as carriers of antifouling compounds is just beginning and already reveals clear advantages compared to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,530 Views
13 Pages

Conducting Polymer-Infused Electrospun Fibre Mat Modified by POEGMA Brushes as Antifouling Biointerface

  • Jesna Ashraf,
  • Sandy Lau,
  • Alireza Akbarinejad,
  • Clive W. Evans,
  • David E. Williams,
  • David Barker and
  • Jadranka Travas-Sejdic

7 December 2022

Biofouling on surfaces, caused by the assimilation of proteins, peptides, lipids and microorganisms, leads to contamination, deterioration and failure of biomedical devices and causes implants rejection. To address these issues, various antifouling s...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
38 Citations
4,717 Views
18 Pages

Antifouling Strategies of Nanoparticles for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Application: A Systematic Review of the Literature

  • Paolo Bevilacqua,
  • Silvia Nuzzo,
  • Enza Torino,
  • Gerolama Condorelli,
  • Marco Salvatore and
  • Anna Maria Grimaldi

18 March 2021

Nanoparticles (NPs) are promising platforms for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools. One of the main hurdle to their medical application and translation into the clinic is the fact that they accumulate in the spleen and liver due to o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,019 Views
14 Pages

Staphylococcus aureus Detection in Milk Using a Thickness Shear Mode Acoustic Aptasensor with an Antifouling Probe Linker

  • Sandro Spagnolo,
  • Katharina Davoudian,
  • Brian De La Franier,
  • Tibor Hianik and
  • Michael Thompson

3 June 2023

Contamination of food by pathogens can pose a serious risk to health. Therefore, monitoring for the presence of pathogens is critical to identify and regulate microbiological contamination of food. In this work, an aptasensor based on a thickness she...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
9,472 Views
18 Pages

Encapsulation of Antifouling Organic Biocides in Poly(lactic acid) Nanoparticles

  • Aristotelis Kamtsikakis,
  • Eleni Kavetsou,
  • Konstantina Chronaki,
  • Evangelia Kiosidou,
  • Evangelia Pavlatou,
  • Alexandra Karana,
  • Constantine Papaspyrides,
  • Anastasia Detsi,
  • Antonis Karantonis and
  • Stamatina Vouyiouka

The scope of the current research was to assess the feasibility of encapsulating three commercial antifouling compounds, Irgarol 1051, Econea and Zinc pyrithione, in biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles. The emulsification–solvent evap...

  • Review
  • Open Access
45 Citations
5,746 Views
20 Pages

Bio-inspired Surface Texture Modification as a Viable Feature of Future Aquatic Antifouling Strategies: A Review

  • Chloe Richards,
  • Asma Slaimi,
  • Noel E. O’Connor,
  • Alan Barrett,
  • Sandra Kwiatkowska and
  • Fiona Regan

The imitation of natural systems to produce effective antifouling materials is often referred to as “biomimetics”. The world of biomimetics is a multidisciplinary one, needing careful understanding of “biological structures”,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,626 Views
16 Pages

From Natural Xanthones to Synthetic C-1 Aminated 3,4-Dioxygenated Xanthones as Optimized Antifouling Agents

  • Diana I. S. P. Resende,
  • Joana R. Almeida,
  • Sandra Pereira,
  • Alexandre Campos,
  • Agostinho Lemos,
  • Jeffrey E. Plowman,
  • Ancy Thomas,
  • Stefan Clerens,
  • Vitor Vasconcelos and
  • Madalena Pinto
  • + 2 authors

13 November 2021

Biofouling, which occurs when certain marine species attach and accumulate in artificial submerged structures, represents a serious economic and environmental issue worldwide. The discovery of new non-toxic and eco-friendly antifouling systems to con...

  • Article
  • Open Access
46 Citations
12,679 Views
13 Pages

Evaluation of Various Metallic Coatings on Steel to Mitigate Biofilm Formation

  • Hideyuki Kanematsu,
  • Hajime Ikigai and
  • Michiko Yoshitake

12 February 2009

In marine environments and water systems, it is easy for many structures to form biofilms on their surfaces and to be deteriorated due to the corrosion caused by biofilm formation by bacteria. The authors have investigated the antibacterial effects o...

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