191 Results Found

COVID-19 antiviral medications approved or authorized for emergency use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration are reported to have high efficacy in preventing severe illness, hospitalizations, and deaths. However, reports for some of these antivir...

Relative risk reduction and absolute risk reduction measures in the evaluation of clinical trial data are poorly understood by health professionals and the public. The absence of reported absolute risk reduction in COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials ca...

Polypharmacy, the use of multiple and potentially inappropriate medications, is an increasing problem among older adults. The global polypharmacy prevalence is 34.6% in patients with COVID-19, and polypharmacy in COVID-19 increases with age. The pres...

Background: There is controversy regarding whether using fiber-enriched formula affects the incidence of diarrhea among enterally fed patients in our setting. Also, there is a lack of clinical studies about enterally fed patients’ tolerance for...

Interpreting study results is an essential component of decision-making. Both laypeople and healthcare professionals often misinterpret treatment effects that are presented as relative risk reduction. Therefore, we developed and piloted a web-based t...

Italy was the first western country to be hit by the COVID-19 pandemic and has suffered nearly 200,000 deaths so far during the four years of the pandemic. In March 2020, Italy first deployed COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) to treat hospitalized p...

Although vaccine effectiveness reports are essential to assessing policies on SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, several factors can affect our interpretation of the results. These include the waning of antibodies, the prevailing viral variants at the time of t...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between fruit intake and stroke risk considering the genetic predisposition. We used data from 34,871 participants from the project of Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in...

In this study, we analyzed the effectiveness of statin therapy for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in low- and medium-risk patients. Using observational data, we estimated effectiveness by emulating a hypothetical randomized cl...

This article provides a systematic assessment of the efficacy, risks, and methodological quality of evidence from five major publicly available vaccine trials. Results from Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA, Moderna-US NIH mRN-1273, AstraZeneca-Oxford ChAdOx1 nCo...

Our ability to evaluate residual stroke risk despite anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation (AF) is currently lacking. The Calculator of Absolute Stroke Risk (CARS) has been proposed to predict 1-year absolute stroke risk in non-anticoagulated patien...

African Americans in the U.S. often live in poverty and segregated urban neighborhoods, many of which have dense industrial facilities resulting in high exposure to harmful air toxics. This study aims to explore the relationship between racial compos...

Causal reductions in cardiovascular disease (CVD) with the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) are supported by randomized trials, but the ability of nonrandomized studies to provide causal inferences in nutritional epidemiology is questioned. The “Se...

Patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) carry the highest risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) amongst all cancer patients. Appropriate use of primary thromboprophylaxis might significantly and safely reduce its burden. We performed a systematic review...

Statins are drugs used in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy to decrease hypercholesterolemia and lower the risk of atherosclerosis. Statins also increase the risk of rhabdomyolysis, which is often minimized in comparison with large relative risk reducti...

There are controversial data on the efficacy and safety profile of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to prevent post-stroke depression (PSD). We performed a systematic search in MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases to identify randomized-contro...

Helium ion therapy (HRT) is a promising modality for the treatment of pediatric tumors and those located close to critical structures due to the favorable biophysical properties of helium ions. This in silico study aimed to explore the potential bene...

Climate-induced production risk is expected to increase in the future. This study assesses the effectiveness of adapting crop rotations on arable farms in Brandenburg as a tool to enhance climate resilience. Two risk-minimizing measures are investiga...

We believe that there is sufficient evidence from basic science, longitudinal cohort studies and randomised controlled trials which validates the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or lipid hypothesis. It is important that we can communicate...

Probiotics and microbiome-based therapeutics are increasingly used to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and support gut microbiota health across children, adults, and elderly populations. Evidence synthesized in this narrative review from...

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a lipid molecule with atherogenic, inflammatory, thrombotic, and antifibrinolytic effects, whose concentrations are predominantly genetically determined. The association between Lp(a) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has b...

Previous studies have shown encouraging results regarding the efficacy and safety of nutraceuticals, such as “red yeast rice (RYR) extract”, on reducing hypercholesterolemia in humans. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted f...

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is frequent among patients with cancer. Ambulatory cancer patients starting chemotherapy have a 5% to 10% risk of cancer associated thrombosis (CAT) within the first year after cancer diagnosis. This risk may vary accordi...

Lowering LDL-cholesterol in patients with high risk for cardiovascular diseases nowadays is absolutely undebated. Clinical trials with statins have shown that the more LDL-cholesterol is lowered the greater the obtained benefit is. The drugs of choic...

Millions of people use public transportation daily worldwide and frequently touch surfaces, thereby producing a reservoir of microorganisms on surfaces increasing the risk of transmission. Constant occupation makes sufficient cleaning difficult to ac...

Background and Objectives: Postoperative pancreatic fistula and post-hepatectomy liver failure remain significant complications after HPB surgery; however, superficial surgical site infection (SSI) is the most frequent wound-related complication. Clo...

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of mortality worldwide and imposes a significant social burden on many countries. Methods: This study assessed the health and economic benefits of omega-3 associated with CVD. The meta-ana...

Background: There are reports suggesting an association between the rs4994 polymorphism in the ADRB3 gene encoding the beta-3 adrenergic receptor and OAB risk in females. The injection of botulinum toxin-A into the bladder wall is recommended as a po...

Objective. The aim of the study was to identify the most important risk factors for nosocomial infections, evaluate the incidence rates and risk changes after the multimodal intervention, and to assess mortality attributable to nosocomial infections....

This research conducted a probabilistic life-cycle assessment (pLCA) into the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions performance of nine combinations of truck size and powertrain technology for a recent past and a future (largely decarbonised) situation in A...

Background/Objectives: Obesity is a major risk factor for diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disease characterized by elevated fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Predicting the percentage and absolute variations in key medical para...

Background/Objectives: Whether an increased genetic risk of steatotic liver disease (SLD) can be offset by maintaining a healthy weight remains unknown. We aimed to clarify the associations among the body mass index (BMI) and its change patterns with...

Background: The concept of global cardiovascular risk is not usually well understood by patients in consultation. Methods: This was a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open clinical trial of one-year duration to evaluate the effectiveness in redu...

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) represents an emerging risk in industrialized countries where the consumption of contaminated food plays a pivotal role. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) is one of the most suitable methods for the detection and quantif...

Background: The steady decline in breast cancer (bca) mortality has come at the cost of increasingly toxic and expensive adjuvant therapies. Trials evaluating the addition of 2 or 3 years of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (cdk4/6) inhibitors to adjuvant...

Falls are a leading cause of morbidity and loss of independence among community-dwelling older adults. Mobile health (mHealth) application (app)-based interventions have emerged as a scalable approach to fall prevention. However, evidence from indivi...

Children receiving radiotherapy face the probability of a subsequent malignant neoplasm (SMN). In some cases, the predicted SMN risk can be reduced by proton therapy. The purpose of this study was to apply the most comprehensive dose assessment metho...

Background. This study aims to determine whether the administration of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) and iron deficiency (ID) improves morbidity and mortality. Methods. We studied 890 consecutive patients admi...

Meteorological hazards threaten sustainable development by affecting human safety, economic stability, and food security. Climate change increases extreme weather frequency, underscoring the urgency for comprehensive evaluation frameworks. However, e...

The electronic MEdical Records and GEnomics (eMERGE) consortium will return risk reports pertaining to specific diseases, a key component of which will be polygenic risk scores (PRS), to 25,000 participants, including 5000 children. Understanding com...

Rheumatic diseases (RD) and hereditary thrombophilias (HT) can be associated with high-risk pregnancies. This study describes obstetric outcomes after receiving medical care at a multidisciplinary consultation (MC) and compares adverse neonatal outco...

Projections of the magnitude and pattern of possible health risks from climate change should be based on multiple climate and development scenarios to describe the range of uncertainties, to inform effective and efficient policies. For a better under...

Alcohol abuse is one of the most important risk factors for health and is a major cause of death and morbidity. Despite this, only about one-tenth of individuals with alcohol abuse disorders receive therapeutic intervention and specific rehabilitatio...

Analysis and assessment of the reliability and safety of a gas-supply system is a key issue, given its status as critical infrastructure. A gas-supply system is characterised by continuous operation and a consequent need to achieve a high level of op...

Background/Objectives: Intestinal ultrasound (IUS) is increasingly used to monitor ulcerative colitis (UC), but its predictive value remains unclear. This systematic review evaluated the ability of IUS parameters and scores to predict short- and long...

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have reshaped pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes, but emerging safety signals suggest a possible association with intestinal obst...

Our prior research showed that patient experience—as reported by Google, Yelp, and the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems survey—is associated with health outcomes. Upon learning that COVID-19 mortality rates...

Radiation therapy (RT) is an effective treatment for stage IIA and select stage IIB seminomas. However, given the long life expectancy of seminoma patients, there are concerns about the risk of secondary cancers from RT. This study assessed differenc...

Osteoporosis is common in postmenopausal women but is often asymptomatic until a fracture occurs, highlighting the importance of early screening and preventive interventions. This study aimed to develop molecular subtype risk stratification of postme...

The use of coal as a source of energy is crucial for the growth of the national economy, but mining poses numerous risks and a potential for significant disasters. Coal mine safety is the prerequisite and guarantee for coal industry to achieve new in...