Search Results (2,233)

Personal health and safety are significant concerns across agricultural education, specifically agricultural mechanics. While hearing safety has been discussed for numerous years as a shortcoming in overall safety actions, it has been identified that attitudes and perceptions of sound and noise within agricultural settings are not aligned. This research continues work to focus on students’ understanding of and application of safety culture within an agricultural mechanics environment. Through direct and indirect exposure to noise levels, students reflected on and identified their use and intended use of hearing personal protective equipment (PPE). Pre- and post-instructional data aided in establishing students’ thresholds to use proper personal protective equipment and identify their perceptions of the decibel (dB) outputs for commonly used power tools in an agricultural laboratory setting. Course reflections alarmingly show a disconnect between intention and practice as many students do not utilize hearing PPE. While indicated threshold values and tool-specific PPE use align with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health’s recommended hearing PPE guidelines, the self-reported hearing PPE use results are concerning. While knowledge and application gaps still need to be addressed, based on this exploratory study, bounded in a single instructional context, continued exposure through direct and indirect instruction leads to increased knowledge of sound levels. Full article

Background: Influenza poses a serious threat to the health of older adults, and vaccination is a key strategy for prevention. As an economically developed city, Suzhou has a rapidly aging population, yet the influenza vaccination rate among older adults remains substantially lower than that in developed countries. There is an urgent need to understand the current vaccination status and its associated factors to inform future strategies for improving vaccination coverage. Objectives: To compare influenza- and vaccine-related knowledge, attitudes, practices, and information access channels between vaccinated and unvaccinated older adults (≥60 years) in Suzhou, and to identify factors associated with vaccination behavior in economically developed areas. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to August 2024 across six districts or county-level cities randomly selected from Suzhou’s ten county-level administrative divisions. Participants were divided into vaccinated and unvaccinated groups based on their influenza vaccination status during the 2023–2024 influenza season. A two-stage sampling method was employed: the six districts were selected as primary sampling units; within each district, eligible older adults (aged ≥60 years) were randomly selected from two independent sampling frames—the vaccination information system for the vaccinated group and the basic public health service system for the unvaccinated group. Face-to-face structured interviews were conducted using a questionnaire consisting of four sections; data were entered using EpiData 13.1 and analyzed using SPSS 27.0. The χ² test, t-test, and multivariable logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: Among 4622 valid older adults (vaccinated: n = 2007; unvaccinated: n = 2615), the vaccinated group scored significantly higher on influenza-related knowledge (4.06 ± 2.21 vs. 3.16 ± 2.33, p < 0.001), vaccine-related knowledge (2.10 ± 1.18 vs. 0.67 ± 1.07, p < 0.001), and perceived influenza risk scores (2.72 ± 1.42 vs. 2.26 ± 1.64, p < 0.001). Vaccine safety and efficacy endorsement were also markedly higher among the vaccinated group (70.3% vs. 22.0%; 49.7% vs. 9.3%). Regarding information sources, the vaccinated group relied more on healthcare institutions (54.56% vs. 46.92%), whereas the unvaccinated group relied more on television (60.34% vs. 51.17%). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that awareness of the influenza vaccine (aOR = 9.151, 95%CI: 6.32–13.25), having a planned vaccination site (aOR = 2.66, 95%CI: 2.01–3.54), and perceiving the vaccine as safe (aOR = 1.81, 95%CI: 1.31–2.49) were positively associated with vaccination, while rural household registration (aOR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.63–0.93), full-time employment (aOR = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.28–0.60), and hypertension (aOR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.65–0.94) were inversely associated. Conclusions: Compared with the unvaccinated group, the vaccinated group demonstrated significantly better influenza- and vaccine-related knowledge, risk perception, and recognition of vaccine safety and efficacy, and relied more on healthcare institutions for information. Multivariable regression analysis identified awareness of the influenza vaccine as the strongest associated factor. These findings suggest that vaccination coverage could be improved by strengthening vaccine knowledge promotion through healthcare professionals and increasing awareness of vaccination policies that integrate medical insurance reimbursement. Full article

Background: In 2022, we adapted the World Health Organization Digital Adaptation Kit (DAK) for antenatal care (ANC) into the BornFyne digital health platform. Because ANC services in many facilities relied on fragmented paper-based guidance, the DAK represented the first exposure for many providers to a structured, comprehensive ANC guideline framework integrated into a digital system. Understanding providers’ motivation, capabilities, and readiness to adopt guideline-driven digital care was essential to inform implementation strategies. We therefore conducted a workshop to explore healthcare providers’ expectations, perceived challenges, and readiness to integrate a comprehensive digital ANC system into routine practice. Methods: A prospective mixed-methods pre–post implementation pilot workshop was conducted between June and August 2023 across four districts. The 5-h workshop targeted ANC providers and included exposure to the WHO ANC DAK and demonstration of its integration into the BornFyne platform. Survey tools assessed perceived knowledge, attitudes, perceived behavioural control, intention, and social norms using Likert scales. Constructs were mapped to the COM-B framework. Paired student’s t-tests assessed pre–post changes (p < 0.05), and Cohen’s d estimated effect sizes. Qualitative responses were thematically analysed. Results: Nineteen participants, including doctors, nurses, midwives, and data managers from public, private, and faith-based facilities, completed the surveys. Most participants were women (90%). Following the workshop, perceived knowledge of behaviour change and digital guideline use significantly increased (t(19) = 3.22, p = 0.004, d = 0.78). Although no statistically significant changes were observed in attitudes, perceived behavioural control, intentions, or social norms, descriptive trends suggested improved confidence and openness toward digital ANC systems. Qualitative findings identified increased knowledge as the most important outcome, with 80% of participants emphasizing its role in strengthening capability. Participants also reported greater confidence in integrating digital tools into routine care but highlighted contextual and motivational barriers as ongoing challenges. Acceptability was high: 90% expressed satisfaction, and all participants rated the workshop as useful, relevant, engaging, and worth their time. Conclusions: The workshop improved providers’ perceived knowledge and demonstrated high acceptability of DAK-aligned digital ANC systems. While changes in attitudes and behavioural control were not statistically significant, the findings support the feasibility of behaviour change-based digital ANC interventions. Addressing contextual and motivational barriers will be essential for sustained adoption in resource-limited settings. Full article

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remain a major preventable challenge in healthcare systems worldwide. Nursing students play a key role in infection prevention during clinical training; therefore, adequate education in hand hygiene (HH), standard precautions (SPs), and infection prevention and control (IPC) is essential. This systematic review aimed to evaluate nursing students’ knowledge of HAI prevention according to international recommendations and to identify factors associated with higher knowledge levels. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA guidelines. Searches were performed in MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Observational studies assessing nursing students’ knowledge of HH, SPs, or IPC were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies. Results: Fifty-two studies involving 13,912 nursing students across five continents were included. Most studies focused on HH, followed by SPs and IPC. The WHO Five Moments for Hand Hygiene (14 of 26 (53.8%)) was the most frequently used instrument for HH assessment, while the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (5/11 (45.5%)) was the most used for SPs. Regarding IPC, most studies (5/7 (71.4%)) evaluated it by study-specific questionnaires developed/adapted by the researchers. Higher knowledge and compliance levels were generally associated with advanced academic year, prior training, positive attitudes, and supportive clinical environments. However, substantial heterogeneity was identified across study designs, assessment instruments, outcome measures, and methodological quality. Conclusions: Continued and updated education in HH, SPs, and IPC appears essential for improving nursing students’ knowledge and preventive practices. Greater standardization of assessment methods is needed to improve comparability across studies. Full article

Background/Objectives: Rabies remains a lethal vaccine-preventable disease in India, and physicians managing animal-bite cases are central to effective post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). With the increasing use of rabies monoclonal antibodies (RmAbs) as alternatives to conventional rabies immunoglobulins, this study assessed physicians’ knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding rabies PEP, including RmAb awareness and acceptance. Methods: This multi-state, cross-sectional retrospective KAP survey was conducted among 208 physicians across ten Indian states using a structured, self-administered Google Form. The 33-item questionnaire assessed Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice domains, with 11 items each, scored binarily according to NCDC guidelines. Descriptive statistics, Shapiro–Wilk normality testing, Kruskal–Wallis tests with post hoc corrections, and Spearman rank-order correlations were performed. Results: Mean domain scores were 8.00/11 for Knowledge (72.7%), 7.22/11 for Attitude (65.6%), and 8.64/11 for Practice (78.5%). Key gaps were identified in the intramuscular pre-exposure prophylaxis schedule, management of excess RIG/RmAb after wound infiltration, exposure categorization of animal contact, and vaccine administration site in young children. The Knowledge–Practice correlation was moderately strong and statistically significant (r = 0.520, p < 0.001). Acceptance of RmAbs was high, with 88.5% recognizing them as effective replacements for RIGs and 84.6% considering them safer than RIGs. Practice scores showed the most consistent improvement, Knowledge scores improved on most items but declined sharply for the pre-exposure prophylaxis schedule, and Attitude scores showed a mixed pattern of gains and losses compared with the 2013 benchmark survey. Conclusions: Overall KAP scores were adequate, with Practice scoring highest. Targeted continuing medical education focused on NCDC guidelines and practical PEP scenarios is needed among physicians managing rabies exposures. Full article

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increasing public health concern in Thailand, particularly in rural communities where dietary practices and contextual factors may influence glycemic control. This study aimed to assess nutritional knowledge, attitude, and eating behavior using the Knowledge–Attitude–Practice (KAP) framework and to compare nutritional intake profiles between patients with controlled and uncontrolled glycemic status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 70 patients with T2DM attending a health-promoting hospital in northeastern Thailand. Participants were classified into glycemic-controlled (GC; HbA1c < 7%, n = 36) and glycemic-uncontrolled (UC; HbA1c ≥ 7%, n = 34) groups. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire covering demographics, anthropometry, body composition, biochemical parameters, and KAP domains. Dietary intake was assessed using three-day food records (two weekdays and one weekend day) and analyzed with the INMUCAL Nutrients program. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, group comparisons, logistic regression, and Spearman’s correlation. Results: Overall, participants demonstrated high levels of nutritional knowledge (71.4%) and fair attitude (52.9%), but moderate levels of appropriate eating behavior (58.6%). Eating behavior differed significantly between GC and UC groups (p = 0.038). The UC group consumed significantly higher amounts of total energy, carbohydrates, simple carbohydrates, and protein than the GC group. HbA1c and fasting blood glucose were positively correlated with total energy, carbohydrate, simple carbohydrate, and zinc intake, while protein and phosphorus intake were positively associated with fasting blood glucose only. Logistic regression analysis showed no significant associations between KAP domains and glycemic control. Conclusions: Glycemic control among rural Thai patients with T2DM was more closely related to dietary intake patterns than to nutritional knowledge or attitude alone, highlighting the need for context-specific, community-based dietary interventions. Full article

Background: Adolescent obesity is an escalating public health concern globally and in Greece, associated with significant physical and psychological consequences. Pediatricians serve as frontline clinicians in the early identification, counseling, and management of adolescents with excess weight; however, their practices, perceived competence, and the barriers they face remain insufficiently explored in certain Greek regions. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a structured, anonymous questionnaire distributed to all pediatricians working in Western Macedonia (n = 60). Fifty-one pediatricians participated (response rate 85%). The questionnaire assessed demographic characteristics, training, knowledge, clinical practices, attitudes, self-assessed competence, and perceived barriers. Results: Most participants (88.2%) reported no specialized training in adolescent obesity. Nearly half of respondents were unfamiliar with current diagnostic criteria for adolescent obesity. Although pediatricians expressed confidence in providing nutritional and lifestyle counseling, they reported limited competence in pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery discussions. The most prominent barriers included insufficient family cooperation, lack of referral pathways, and difficulty engaging adolescents. Older and more experienced pediatricians reported higher levels of perceived competence and stronger interdisciplinary collaboration. Conclusions: Significant gaps in training and clinical support hinder the effective management of adolescent obesity in Western Macedonia. Strengthening continuous professional education, establishing multidisciplinary obesity care networks, and improving family engagement strategies appear crucial to enhancing clinical practice and improving health outcomes for adolescents. Full article

Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders among children and is associated with significant behavioral, academic, and social challenges. Caregiver-focused behavioral interventions have gained increasing attention as effective non-pharmacological approaches for improving child outcomes and enhancing parental management skills. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the potential effectiveness of behavior change wheel (BCW)-based nursing intervention in improving maternal behavioral management practices, as well as child outcomes involving ADHD symptoms among preschool children aged 3–6 years with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Methods: A one-group pretest–posttest quasi-experimental design was conducted among 55 mothers and their children diagnosed with ADHD at Thawat Center and King Abdullah Center for Disability Services in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The study did not include a control group. Participants were recruited using a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, ADHD Rating Scale IV—Preschool Version, the BCW Intervention Compliance Questionnaire, and the Parental Knowledge and Attitude Questionnaire. The intervention was implemented over eight weeks and included educational sessions, behavioral skills training, motivational enhancement, role-play activities, and follow-up reinforcement. Results: The preliminary findings from the one-group pre/posttest quasi-experimental study revealed statistically significant improvements in children’s inattentive and hyperactivity symptoms following the intervention (p < 0.001). Mothers also demonstrated significant improvements in perceived knowledge, attitudes, and compliance with BCW components after program implementation (p < 0.001). The proportion of mothers with satisfactory perceived knowledge increased from 21.8% pre-intervention to 94.5% post-intervention, while positive attitudes increased from 23.6% to 98.2%. In addition, compliance with BCW components improved from 30.9% before the intervention to 94.5% after implementation. Conclusions: The BCW-based nursing intervention was associated with pre–post improvement in maternal caregiving outcomes and reduced ADHD symptoms among preschool children. These preliminary findings from the one-group pretest–posttest quasi-experimental study suggest the potential value of theory-informed, caregiver-focused nursing interventions in pediatric and community healthcare settings. However, due to the one-group pretest–posttest design without a control group, causal inferences cannot be made. Further controlled studies are needed to confirm these associations and establish causal inferences. Full article

Migrant agricultural workers (MAWs), predominantly individuals from countries in the Global South, play a vital role in maintaining Canadian food security. Employed in low-income positions across the country, they often face workplace hazards and numerous occupational health and safety (OHS) challenges related to long working hours, limited access to OHS information, gaps in knowledge, structural power imbalances with employers, and language and cultural barriers. This pilot study explored the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of OHS issues among MAWs in Southern and Eastern Ontario during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants completed survey questions on working conditions, OHS hazards, and living conditions. A total of 93 questionnaires were completed, 55 by Spanish-speaking and 38 by English-speaking individuals, with 91% of respondents identifying as male. Several participants reported awareness of positive COVID-19 cases in their workplaces, and some indicated having experienced OHS-related illnesses or injuries but felt uncomfortable reporting them to supervisors. Knowledge of OHS rights varied, with a notable minority uncertain about their entitlement to sick leave. The findings indicate a need for further research and targeted interventions to strengthen health and safety practices among MAWs and to ensure they are informed, protected, and supported in exercising their workplace rights. Full article

Pain is highly prevalent during hospitalization, and inadequate assessment contributes to avoidable suffering, prolonged length of stay, and increased resource use. Nurses play a central role in pain assessment, timely analgesic administration, patient education, and escalation of care. Background/Objectives: This study assessed nurses’ knowledge and attitudes regarding pain assessment and management and examined perceived causes of delayed pain treatment and perceived barriers to timely pain control at a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in inpatient and outpatient departments at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (August–December 2023). Registered nurses providing direct patient care were recruited via convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic and clinical practice questionnaire, the Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (NKASRP), and an adopted instrument assessing perceived causes of delayed pain treatment and perceived barriers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, two-tailed t-tests, one-way ANOVA with assumption checks and post hoc testing, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regression. Results: A total of 125 nurses participated; 95.2% were female and 80.8% held a bachelor’s degree. The mean NKASRP composite score was 46.69% (SD = 9.90), indicating a suboptimal knowledge-and-attitudes profile. Age group was significantly associated with NKASRP scores (F = 5.136, p = 0.007), and age remained the only significant independent predictor in the multivariable model (b = 0.055, p = 0.006). The most frequently perceived delay was contacting a physician for opioid prescription (58.4%), followed by obtaining opioids from the pharmacy (46.4%). Major perceived barriers included insufficient staff–patient communication (60.0%), insufficient patient knowledge of pain control (52.8%), and inadequate staffing (49.6%). Conclusions: Nurses demonstrated a low composite knowledge-and-attitudes score and reported communication, workflow, and system-related barriers relevant to timely analgesia. These findings support further prospective evaluation of targeted educational and system-level strategies in similar settings. Full article

Objective: To systematically evaluate the impact of a school-based sodium reduction education program using mobile health (mHealth), known as EduSaltS, on salt-related knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP) and sodium intake among adults and children during its real-world scaling-up and to examine geographic and population heterogeneity in its effects. Methods: A multi-center pragmatic pre–post study design was used. The EduSaltS program was implemented in three cities (Ganzhou in southern China, Zhenjiang in eastern China, and Qinhuangdao in northern China) between April 2022 and July 2024. Ten primary schools were selected from each city. Baseline and follow-up surveys were conducted approximately 12 months apart, aligned with the school calendar. Electronic questionnaires were used to collect baseline and post-intervention data on the primary outcome—salt-related KAP—from adults and children. In Ganzhou and Zhenjiang, 24 h urine collections were conducted to measure urinary sodium excretion. Results: A total of 721 adults and 770 children were included in the final analysis. After the intervention, the total KAP scores significantly increased in both adults and children across the three sites: by 8.7–10.0 points in adults and by 11.4–16.7 points in children (all p < 0.001). The changes in sodium intake showed significant heterogeneity. A significant decrease in urinary sodium was observed among adults in Ganzhou (−14.0 mmol/24 h, 95% CI: −26.1, −2.0, p = 0.022), corresponding to a reduction of 0.82 g in daily salt intake. No significant change was found among adults in Zhenjiang (adjusted difference: −0.7 mmol/24 h, 95% CI: −13.4 to 12.0, p = 0.912). In children, after the one-year intervention, urinary sodium excretion showed a significant increase from baseline to follow-up in both cities (Ganzhou: +12.9 mmol/24 h, p = 0.018; Zhenjiang: +14.0 mmol/24 h, p = 0.0002). Conclusions: The pre–post evaluation showed that the EduSaltS program was associated with significant improvements in salt-related knowledge across regions. Its effectiveness in reducing sodium intake, however, varied substantially by population and geographic location. The observed increase in children’s urinary sodium excretion may partly reflect normal childhood growth and the limitations of a pre–post design without a control group. Pragmatic randomized controlled trials are warranted to verify the effectiveness of such interventions in reducing sodium intake and blood pressure across diverse populations and settings. Full article

Background: As mobile health (mHealth) technologies become increasingly integrated into chronic disease management, understanding how mHealth literacy is associated with hypertension-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) is important. However, the psychosocial factors involved in this association remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between mHealth literacy and hypertension-related KAP among older adults with hypertension and to explore whether health empowerment and patient activation were involved in statistically significant indirect pathways. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1500 community-dwelling older adults with hypertension in Hebei Province, China, between December 2024 and June 2025. Data were collected using the Problem-Based mHealth Literacy Scale, the Health Empowerment Scale for Elderly Patients with Chronic Disease, the Patient Activation Measure, and the Community Elderly Hypertension Patients Health Science Popularization Cognitive Scale. Partial correlation analyses were performed after controlling for sociodemographic covariates. An adjusted structural equation model was used to examine the hypothesized indirect pathway structure, and indirect effects were tested using bootstrapping with 5000 resamples. Results: mHealth literacy was positively associated with hypertension-related KAP. The total effect of mHealth literacy on hypertension-related KAP was 0.399 (95% CI: 0.347–0.499), including a direct effect of 0.290 (95% CI: 0.238–0.341) and a total indirect effect of 0.108 (95% CI: 0.082–0.137). The indirect pathway through health empowerment was statistically significant and accounted for the largest proportion of the total effect (indirect effect = 0.079, 95% CI: 0.059–0.103). The indirect pathway through patient activation was also statistically significant (indirect effect = 0.019, 95% CI: 0.003–0.035), as was the sequential indirect pathway through health empowerment and patient activation (indirect effect = 0.010, 95% CI: 0.006–0.016). Conclusions: In this cross-sectional sample of older adults with hypertension, mHealth literacy was positively associated with hypertension-related KAP. The data were consistent with indirect associations involving health empowerment and patient activation, with the largest indirect association observed through health empowerment. These findings suggest that mHealth literacy and psychosocial self-management resources may both be relevant to hypertension-related KAP. Further longitudinal or intervention studies are needed to clarify the temporal and causal nature of these associations. Full article

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is recognized as an effective public health intervention; however, its practice is shaped by complex social, emotional, and cultural dynamics, particularly within collectivist societies. This study aims to explore in depth the meaning of exclusive breastfeeding in the early postpartum period within the socio-cultural context of the Banjar community with a focus on postpartum stress and the dynamics of social support. Methods: This qualitative study, grounded in a constructivist paradigm and designed as a case study, was conducted among 15 Banjar mothers aged 18–35 years with infants aged 0–6 weeks in Banjarmasin City and Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke between May and August 2024. All interview data were translated and verified through collaborative review among bilingual researchers to ensure accuracy. Results: The analysis identified five main themes: breastfeeding knowledge, social support, postpartum stress, attitudes toward breastfeeding, and exclusive breastfeeding practices. Although some participants experienced formula introduction, breastfeeding practices were often described as efforts to maintain exclusive breastfeeding rather than continuous exclusive adherence. The findings reveal that breastfeeding is interpreted not only as nutritional provision but also as a relational, moral, and religious practice embedded within collectivist values and Islamic teachings. Social support is experienced as ambivalent, functioning as both a protective and normative force within extended family structures. Postpartum stress specifically related to breastfeeding emerges from limited early initiation of breastfeeding, surrounding formula-feeding dilemmas, and internal conflicts between feelings of guilt and commitment to breastfeeding. Maternal attitudes are shaped by personal commitment, religious beliefs, and critical reflections on medical interventions, while exclusive breastfeeding practices are enacted through adaptive strategies, breast milk management, and reinforcement from the social environment. Conclusions: This study provides a context-sensitive understanding of early postpartum exclusive breastfeeding as a culturally embedded maternal experience. By highlighting how social support, cultural expectations, postpartum stress, and maternal attitudes intersect to shape breastfeeding practices, the study contributes new insights for culturally grounded maternal health interventions in collectivist Muslim societies. Full article

Leishmaniasis is an endemic zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania and transmitted by infected female phlebotomine sandflies. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies it among the 20 neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), ranking eighth globally. The disease predominantly affects resource-limited populations in tropical regions. Kenya bears a significant global burden of leishmaniasis, with Baringo County identified as a major endemic area. A cross-sectional survey on knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) was conducted from July 2025 to January 2026 among 135 residents of Baringo South Sub-County using a structured questionnaire. The study evaluated sociodemographic characteristics, disease awareness, perceptions, preventive practices, and treatment-seeking behaviors. Additionally, 12 healthcare professionals were interviewed regarding their diagnostic and treatment capacities. Associations between variables were analyzed using Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression. Overall awareness of leishmaniasis was high (94.8%), with KAP scores of 86.7%, 76%, and 77.7%, respectively. Despite this, critical knowledge gaps persisted regarding transmission dynamics, the role of dogs as reservoir hosts, and preventive measures. Significant associations were found for awareness of local cases, recognition of clinical signs, knowledge of vector activity, community control measures, and attitudes toward treatment preferences. Age and education level predicted KAP outcomes. Healthcare practitioners demonstrated technical capacity to diagnose and treat human Leishmania infections, whereas veterinarians lacked awareness of Leishmania infection in dogs, including its diagnosis and treatment. Integration of human, animal, and vector surveillance within a One Health framework is recommended to enhance disease monitoring and control in Baringo County. Full article

Background/Objectives: Nutrition is essential in healthcare and rehabilitation, although the readiness of physiotherapists in Saudi Arabia to integrate nutritional assessment and counseling remains ambiguous. This study aimed to assess their knowledge of nutrition, lifestyle choices, and attitudes towards incorporating nutrition into practice. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 500 licensed physiotherapists practicing across Saudi Arabia and used a culturally adapted questionnaire derived from previously validated instruments. The survey assessed background characteristics, nutrition knowledge, nutritional lifestyle, and attitudes toward integrating nutrition into physical therapy. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results: Participants demonstrated moderate nutrition knowledge (59.68 ± 17.25) and favorable nutritional lifestyles (20.67 ± 3.79), with positive attitudes toward integrating nutritional assessment and counseling into their practice (13.63 ± 4.64). A significant positive correlation was observed between nutritional lifestyle scores and nutrition integration scores (r = 0.29, p < 0.01). Because lower nutritional lifestyle scores indicate healthier lifestyles and lower integration scores reflect greater integration, participants with healthier nutritional lifestyles tend to show greater nutrition integration. Nutrition knowledge scores were negatively correlated with integration scores (r = −0.37, p < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis identified professional seniority, nutritional lifestyle, and nutrition knowledge as significant predictors of nutrition integration score, explaining 22.8% of the variance (F = 29.24, R² = 0.22, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Saudi physiotherapists showed positive attitudes toward integrating nutritional assessment and counseling into the practice, but their nutrition knowledge was moderate, with knowledge gaps. Nutrition integration correlated significantly with nutritional lifestyle scores, nutrition knowledge, and professional seniority. The findings indicate the need to improve nutrition-related competencies and interdisciplinary collaboration in rehabilitation practice. Full article