Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) is a membrane distillation (MD) configuration where feed and distillate directly contact with a hydrophobic membrane. Depending on its operating conditions, the hydraulic pressures of the feed and distillat...
Theoretical and experimental investigations were conducted to predict permeate flux in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) modules equipped with turbulence promoters. These DCMD modules operate at moderate temperatures (45 °C to 60 °C...
The path for water molecules transported across a membrane in real porous membranes has been considered to be a constant factor in the membrane distillation (MD) process (i.e., constant tortuosity); as such, its effect on membrane performance at vari...
Understanding the energy efficiency of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) is important for the widespread application and practical implementation of the process. This study analyzed the available energy, known as exergy, in a DCMD system us...
The effect of compositing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with polystyrene (PS) to fabricate nanofibrous membrane by electrospinning technique and comparing the direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) performance of the blank and composite...
Membrane distillation is an active technique that provides pure water with very good rejection and could be applied to water of extremely high salinity. The low productivity of membrane distillation needs intensive efforts to be competitive with othe...
A new DCMD module design that introduces an insulation barrier of negligible thickness to divide the open duct of the hot-saline feed into two subchannels for dual-flow operation was investigated. This configuration enables one subchannel to operate...
In recent decades, the fabrication of composite membranes using nanoparticles has played a vital role in membrane distillation (MD) technique. It could make available membranes with superior characteristics as excellent candidates for MD technique. T...
Membrane distillation (MD) is an attractive separation process for wastewater treatment and desalination. There are continuing challenges in implementing MD technologies at a large industrial scale. This work attempts to investigate the desalination...
An integrated membrane distillation (MD) flowsheet, consisting of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) and vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) units, was proposed and analysed in terms of thermal performance and water recovery factor, for the f...
Recently, the demand for the recovery of valuable solutes from organic solvents/water mixtures has increased in various fields. Furthermore, due to the abundance of heat-sensitive valuable solutes, the demand for non-heated concentration technologies...
The hydrophobic membranes have been widely explored to meet the membrane characteristics for the membrane distillation (MD) process. Inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles have been used to improve the membrane hydrophobicity, but limited studies have u...
The heat integration feasibility of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) coupled with the solar-heated direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) module is evaluated in this study. The additional waste heat from the PEMFC increases the DCM...
Adequate water supplies are crucial for missions to the Moon, since water is essential for astronauts’ health. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been investigated for processing metal oxides, the main components of lunar regolith, to separate oxygen and...
Two geometric shape turbulence promoters (circular and square of same areas) of different array patterns using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology were designed for direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) modules in the present study. The...
Three widths of manufacturing S-ribs carbon-fiber filaments acting as turbulence promoters were implemented into the flow channel of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) modules to augment the permeate flux improvement in the present study. At...
In this numerical study, a direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system has been modeled considering various angles for the membrane unit and the Reynolds number range of 500 to 2000. A two-dimensional model developed based on the Navier–...
Despite the tremendous success of the application of anion exchange resins (IX) in natural organic matter (NOM) removal over conventional removal methods, the considerable amount of brine spent during its regeneration cycle makes its sustainability q...
Increasing water demand coupled with projected climate change puts the Southwestern United States at the highest risk of water sustainability by 2050. Membrane distillation offers a unique opportunity to utilize the substantial, but largely untapped...
One of the biggest challenges for direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) in treating wastewater from flue gas desulfurization (FGD) is the rapid deterioration of membrane performance resulting from precipitate fouling. Chemical pretreatment, suc...
Novel tri-bore polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes (TBHF) were scaled-up for fabrication on industrial-scale hollow fiber spinning equipment, with the objective of validating the membrane technology for membrane distillation (MD)...
This study experimentally investigates a novel hybrid system integrating thermoelectric generators (TEGs) with direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) for simultaneous low-grade heat recovery, electricity generation, and water desalination. Comme...
This study aimed to investigate and develop a cost-effective and superhydrophobic ceramic membrane for direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) applications. Two types of mullite-based composite membranes were prepared via extrusion and sintering...
This study proposes using membrane distillation (MD) as an alternative to the conventional multi-stage flushing (MSF) process to concentrate a semi-product of organic fertilizer. By applying a unique asymmetric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane...
Water is a crucial component of human existence. The earth’s hydrosphere is composed mostly of saline water. Membrane distillation is a process that ensures desalination as a low-pollution and resource-stable technique. Traditional techniques s...
In the design of membrane distillation systems, the effect of different heat transfer coefficient models on the transmembrane flux seems to have been overlooked thus far. Interestingly, the range of discrepancy in the results of the transmembrane flu...
Membrane distillation is a thermal separation technique using a microporous hydrophobic membrane. One of the concerns with respect to the industrialization of the technique is the development of novel membranes. In this paper, a commercially availabl...
In direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD), heat and mass transfers occur through the porous membrane. Any model developed for the DCMD process should therefore be able to describe the mass transport mechanism through the membrane, the temperatur...
Integrated wastewater treatment processes are accepted as the best option for sustainable and unrestricted onsite water reuse. In this study, moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), membrane bioreactor (MBR), and direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD...
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Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) has been conducted to treat hydraulic fracturing-produced water using polyvinylidenedifluoride (PVDF) membranes. Tailoring the surface properties of the membrane is critical in order to reduce the rate of a...
Fresh water is crucial for life, supporting human civilizations and ecosystems, and its production is one of the global issues. To cope with this issue, we evaluated the performance and cost of a solar-powered direct contact membrane distillation (DC...
Direct Contact Membrane Distillation–Crystallization (DCMD-Cr) is a synergistic technology for zero liquid discharge (ZLD) and resource recovery from high-salinity brines. In this study, DCMD-Cr was integrated to desalinate real oilfield-produc...
Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD) is a promising and feasible technology for water desalination. Most of the models used to simulate DCMD are one-dimensional and/or use a linear function of vapour pressure which relies on experimentally det...
This study investigated the degradation of five trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) by integrated direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) and UV photolysis. Specifically, the influence of inorganic ions including halide, nitrate, and carbonate on...
The present study dealt with the generation of freshwater through the direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) technique, powered by an evacuated tube solar collector (ETSC). The major objective of the present work was to determine the optimum con...
Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD) uses low heat sources to separate water from urea, which was then used as a plasticizer in regolith-based cement to make it more workable. The work investigated separating potable water and urea from artifi...
In the direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system, the temperature polarization due to boundary layer formation limits the system performance. This study presents the experimental results and heat transfer analysis of a DCMD module coupled wi...
Cogeneration of energy and clean water by incorporating direct contact membrane desalination (DCMD) and photovoltaic hybrid thermal system (PVT) into a residential building is a promising technology for addressing water and energy shortage in distant...
Thermal desalination technologies involve two primary processes: vapor generation from saline water, and effective recovery of the resulting condensate. Membrane distillation (MD) systems are among the emerging thermal desalination technologies which...
Sustainable and renewable sources of liquid and solid fuels are essential to prevent fossil fuel use from damaging the environment. Secondary agricultural residues, which are already transported to food processing centers, have great potential to be...
A composite, three-layered membrane for membrane distillation was prepared from electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers supported by commercial polyethersulfone (PES) nanofiber based nonwoven from E.I. duPont de Nemours company (DuPont)...
This paper presents a comparative performance study of single-stage desalination processes with major configurations of membrane distillation (MD) modules. MD modules covered in this study are (a) direct contact MD (DCMD), (b) vacuum MD (VMD), (c) sw...
A critical issue facing extraterrestrial expansion has always been long-term life support capabilities. The large energy requirements to move even small amounts of material from Earth necessitate the ability to reuse and recycle as much as possible,...
The concept of integrating mechanical vapor compression (MVC) with direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) is presented and analyzed. The hybrid system utilizes the DCMD to harvest the thermal energy of the MVC reject brine to preheat a portion o...
This work focused on enhancing the flux on hydrophobic polymeric membranes aimed for direct contact membrane distillation desalination (DCMD) process without compromising salt rejection efficiency. Successful coating of commercial porous poly-tetrafl...
The major challenge for membrane distillation (MD) is the membrane wetting resistance induced by pollutants in the feed solution. The proposed solution for this issue was to fabricate membranes with hydrophobic properties. Hydrophobic electrospun pol...
Though the pursuit of sustainable desalination processes with high water recovery has intensified the research interest in membrane distillation (MD), the influence of module connection configuration on performance stability remains poorly explored....
Through experiments, the effect of membrane material selection and operating conditions on permeate fluxes in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) desalination was investigated. The experiment used a plate and frame membrane module, and with n...
Ammonia recovery from synthetic thermophilic anaerobic digestate was achieved through Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD) using hydrophobic flat-sheet membranes under different operating conditions. The influence of temperature gradients (0 &...
Membrane distillation (MD) is an evolving thermal separation technique most frequently aimed at water desalination, compatible with low-grade heat sources such as waste heat from thermal engines, solar collectors, and high-concentration photovoltaic...
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