683 Results Found

Clostridioides bacteria are responsible for life threatening infections. Here, we show that in addition to actin, the binary toxins CDT, C2I, and Iota from Clostridioides difficile, botulinum, and perfrigens, respectively, ADP-ribosylate the actin-re...

The breakdown of lipid droplets (LDs) provides energy and contributes to the proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Recent studies have suggested that motility plays a key role in LD breakdown. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying LD mo...

In this paper, a perspective on the application of Spatially- and Angle-Resolved PhotoEmission Spectroscopy (ARPES) for the study of two-dimensional (2D) materials is presented. ARPES allows the direct measurement of the electronic band structure of...

During cell migration, protrusion of the leading edge is driven by the polymerization of Arp2/3-dependent branched actin networks. Migration persistence is negatively regulated by the Arp2/3 inhibitory protein Arpin. To better understand Arpin regula...

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a widely used protocol that provides a mapping of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses to Media Access Control (MAC) addresses in local area networks. This protocol suffers from many spoofing attacks because of its st...

F-actin is of critical importance in oocyte meiotic maturation. Actin assembly and its dynamics are mainly regulated by actin nucleation factors. The actin-related protein complex 2/3 (Arp2/3) is responsible for the organization of F-actin filaments....

MerTK (Mer Tyrosine Kinase) is a cell surface receptor that regulates phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments (POS) in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. POS phagocytosis is impaired in several pathologies, including diabetes. In this study...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading viral agent causing bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under five years old worldwide. The RSV infection cycle starts with macropinocytosis-based entry into the host airway epithelial cell membran...

A crucial neuronal structure for the development and regeneration of neuronal networks is the axonal growth cone. Affected by different guidance cues, it grows in a predetermined direction to reach its final destination. One of those cues is the vasc...

The SWR1 complex (SWR1-C) is important for the deposition of histone variant H2A.Z into chromatin to regulate gene expression. Characterization of SWR1-C subunits in Arabidopsis thaliana has revealed their role in variety of developmental processes....

Caffeic acid phenylethyl ester (CAPE) is an antioxidative agent originally derived from propolis. Oxidative stress is a significant pathogenic factor in most retinal diseases. Our previous study revealed that CAPE suppresses mitochondrial ROS product...

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) suffers severe quality and yield loss from oomycete diseases caused by Phytophthora capsici. CaSGT1 was previously determined to positively regulate the immune response of pepper plants against P. capsici, but by which mec...

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells maintain homeostasis at the retina and they are under continuous oxidative stress. Cigarette smoke is a prominent environmental risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which further increases the...

Polar growth is a key characteristic of all filamentous fungi. It allows these eukaryotes to not only effectively explore organic matter but also interact within its own colony, mating partners, and hosts. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the d...

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has a broad cellular tropism and epithelial cells are important physiological targets during infection. The retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19 has been used to model HCMV infection in epithelial cells for decade...

Small GTPases regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, cell motility, and division under precise spatiotemporal control. Different small GTPases exhibit cross talks to exert feedback response or to act in concert during signal transduction. However, whether a...

Autotaxin (ATX) is an enzymatic with lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) activity. We investigated the role of ATX in high glucose (HG)-induced human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells to explore the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). We pe...

Industry Revolution 4.0 connects the Internet of Things (IoT) resource-constrained devices to Smart Factory solutions and delivers insights. As a result, a complex and dynamic network with a vulnerability inherited from the Internet becomes an attrac...

Hispidin, a polyphenol compound isolated from Phellinus linteus, has been reported to possess antioxidant activities. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of hispidin against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-...

The airborne relay-based positioning system (ARPS), which employs the relaying of navigation signals, was proposed as an alternative positioning system. However, the ARPS has limitations, such as relatively large vertical error and service restrictio...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative disease of the retina where the molecular mechanism involves the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a factor of poor prognosis of the progression of the disease. Previous...

A new femtosecond, Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV), Time Resolved Spin-Angle Resolved Photo-Emission Spectroscopy (TR-Spin-ARPES) beamline was developed for ultrafast materials research and development. This 50-fs laser-driven, table-top beamline is an int...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex disease with multiple initiators and pathways that converge on death for retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. In this study, effects of taurine on calpains, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by the progressive degradation of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. ARPE-19 is an RPE cell line established as an in vitro model for the study of AMD pathogenesis. Oxida...

This paper investigates a case of historical co-emergence between a modern system of dance notation and the rise of geometric abstraction in the applied arts during the first decades of the 20th century. It does so by bringing together the artistic c...

Opposing dose-dependent effects of curcumin (Cur) have been documented in Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE); therefore, to shed the light on the mechanisms of action is crucial for ophthalmic applications. On this basis we explored new insights about...

Repeated intravitreal (IVT) injections in the treatment of retinal diseases can lead to severe complications. Developing innovative drug delivery systems for IVT administration is crucial to prevent adverse reactions, but requires extensive investiga...

In spite of its variety of biological activities, the clinical exploitation of human NGF (hNGF) is currently limited to ocular pathologies. It is therefore interesting to test the effects of hNGF in preclinical models that may predict their efficacy...

The level of transduction efficiency of the target retinal cells affects the choice of AAV serotype and the outcome of gene replacement therapy for inherited retinal diseases. This study focused on the tropism and transduction efficiency of AAV2.7m8-...

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), can cause severe visual loss. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays a crucial role in retinal physiology but is vulnerable to oxidative damage. We investigated the protective e...

Retinopathy caused by ultraviolet radiation and cancer chemotherapy has increased dramatically in humans due to rapid environmental and social changes. Therefore, it is very important to develop therapeutic strategies to effectively alleviate retinop...

Background/Objectives: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the third leading cause of irreversible blindness in elderly individuals aged over 50 years old. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the etiopathogenesis of multifactorial AMD dise...

Software-defined networking (SDN) is an emerging network architecture that brings benefits in network function virtualization, performance, and scalability. However, the scalability feature also increases the number of possible vulnerabilities throug...

The intracellular transport of nucleocapsids of the highly pathogenic Marburg, as well as Ebola virus (MARV, EBOV), represents a critical step during the viral life cycle. Intriguingly, a population of these nucleocapsids is distributed over long dis...

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is critical to maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. However, the effects of microgravity (MG) on the BBB remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influence of simulated MG (SMG) on the BBB and...

Inherited retinal disorders (IRD) have become a primary focus of gene therapy research since the success of adeno-associated virus-based therapeutics (voretigene neparvovec-rzyl) for Leber congenital amaurosis type 2 (LCA2). Dozens of monogenic IRDs...

Ebola virus (EBOV) causes Ebola virus disease (EVD), a severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever. Although much research has focused on host miRNA expression during EBOV infection, it has been discovered that EBOV itself also produces miRNAs. However,...

Breast cancer develops upon sequential acquisition of driver mutations in mammary epithelial cells; however, how these mutations collaborate to transform normal cells remains unclear in most cases. We aimed to reconstitute this process in a particula...

Neuroprotection represents a promising approach for mitigating retinal degeneration. Cord blood serum (CBS), rich in trophic factors such as the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), has shown therapeutic potential for ocular surface diseases; ho...

This paper deals with the resistivity continuous surveys on extensive area carried out at the Mont’e Prama archaeological site, in Sardinia (Italy). From 2013 to 2015, new research was performed using both non-destructive surveys and traditiona...

Multi-Agent Systems (MASs) are often used to optimize the use of the resources available in an environment. A flaw during the modelling phase or an unanticipated scenario during their execution, however, can make the agents behave not as planned. As...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss among the elderly. The progression of AMD is closely related to oxidative stress in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Here, a series of chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) an...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of 7S,15R-dihydroxy-16S,17S-epoxy-docosapentaenoic acid (diHEP-DPA) in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell damage. ARPE-19 cells, a human RPE cell line, were cultured with diHEP-DP...

Organic solvents are commonly used to extract lutein. However, they are toxic and are not environmental-friendly. There are only a few reports on the quantification of lutein. Therefore, this study aimed to determine a suitable extraction method by w...

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of the selective α1 antagonist tamsulosin (TAM) on human retinal pigment epithelium cells, ARPE 19. Two-dimension (2D) and three-dimension (3D) cultured ARPE 19 cells were used in the f...

Emerging contaminants’ presence in water, wastewater, and aquatic environments has been widely reported. Their environmental and health-related effects, and the increasing tendency towards wastewater reuse require technology that could remove t...

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the major source of cytokines in the retina regulating the intraocular immune environment, and a primary target of photodamage. Here, we examined 27 types of cytokines secreted by ARPE-19 cells exposed to visib...

Dragon’s Blood is a red resin from Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.C. Chen (Yunnan, China). As a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, it has shown protective effects on intestinal disorders. Microgravity could alter intestinal homeostasis. However,...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes the degeneration of photoreceptors and retinal cells leading to vision loss in older subjects. Among possible exogenous risk factors, it has been recently proposed that long-term exposure to blue light co...

Mastitis is frequently triggered by the bacterial disruption of the epithelial cell barrier. The actin-related protein 2/3 complex (Arp2/3), a major endogenous protein involved in cytoskeletal regulation, plays a crucial role in preserving epithelial...