- Article
Thermal–Electrical Fusion for Real-Time Condition Monitoring of IGBT Modules in Transportation Systems
- Man Cui,
- Yun Liu,
- Zhen Hu and
- Tao Shi
25 January 2026
The operational reliability of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) modules in demanding transportation applications, such as traction systems, is critically challenged by solder layer and bond wire failures under cyclic thermal stress. To addres...

