Micromachines

Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

5 pages, 155 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Recent Advances in Electromagnetic Devices: Design and Optimization

by Chanik Kang and Haejun Chung

Micromachines 2025, 16(1), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16010098 - 16 Jan 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3127

Abstract

Electromagnetic devices are a continuous driving force in cutting-edge research and technology, finding applications in diverse fields such as optics [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Electromagnetic Devices)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

12 pages, 5698 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Miniaturized Loaded Open-Boundary Quad-Ridge Horn with a Stable Phase Center for Interferometric Direction-Finding Systems

by Zibin Weng, Chen Liang, Kaibin Xue, Ziming Lv and Xing Zhang

Micromachines 2025, 16(1), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16010044 - 30 Dec 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 762

Abstract

In order to achieve high accuracy in interferometric direction-finding systems, antennas with a stable phase center in the working bandwidth are required. This article proposes a miniaturized loaded open-boundary quad-ridge horn (LOQRH) antenna with dimensions of 40 mm × 40 mm × 49 [...] Read more.

In order to achieve high accuracy in interferometric direction-finding systems, antennas with a stable phase center in the working bandwidth are required. This article proposes a miniaturized loaded open-boundary quad-ridge horn (LOQRH) antenna with dimensions of 40 mm × 40 mm × 49 mm. First, to stabilize the phase center of the antenna, the design builds on the foundation of a quad-ridge horn antenna, where measures such as optimizing the ridge structure and introducing resistive loading were implemented to achieve size reduction. Second, electrically small-sized antennas are more susceptible to the effects of common-mode currents (CMCs), which can reduce the symmetry of the radiation pattern and the stability of the phase center. To avoid the generation of common-mode currents during operation, a self-balanced feed structure was introduced into the proposed antenna design. This structure establishes a balanced circuit and routes the feedline at the voltage null point, effectively suppressing the common-mode current. As a result, the miniaturization of the LOQRH antenna was achieved while ensuring the suppression of the common-mode current, thereby maintaining the stability of the antenna’s electromagnetic performance. The measured results show that the miniaturized antenna has a small phase center change of less than 20.3 mm within 2–18 GHz, while the simulated phase center fluctuation is only 14.6 mm. In addition, when taking 18.5 mm in front of the antenna’s feed point as the phase center, the phase fluctuation is less than 22.5° within the required beam width. Along with the desired stable phase center, the miniaturized design makes the proposed antenna suitable for interferometric direction-finding systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Electromagnetic Devices)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 5193 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Reconfigurable Multifunctional Metasurfaces for Full-Space Electromagnetic Wave Front Control

by Shunlan Zhang, Weiping Cao, Jiao Wang, Tiesheng Wu, Yiying Wang, Yanxia Wang and Dongsheng Zhou

Micromachines 2024, 15(11), 1282; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15111282 - 22 Oct 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1078

Abstract

In order to implement multiple electromagnetic (EM) wave front control, a reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface (RMM) has been investigated in this paper. It can meet the requirements for 6G communication systems. Considering the full-space working modes simultaneously, both reflection and transmission modes, the flexible [...] Read more.

In order to implement multiple electromagnetic (EM) wave front control, a reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface (RMM) has been investigated in this paper. It can meet the requirements for 6G communication systems. Considering the full-space working modes simultaneously, both reflection and transmission modes, the flexible transmission-reflection-integrated RMM with p-i-n diodes and anisotropic structures is proposed. By introducing a 45°-inclined H-shaped AS and grating-like micro-structure, the polarization conversion of linear to circular polarization (LP-to-CP) is achieved with good angular stability, in the transmission mode from top to bottom. Meanwhile, reflection beam patterns can be tuned by switching four p-i-n diodes to achieve a 1-bit reflection phase, which are embedded in the bottom of unit cells. To demonstrate the multiple reconfigurable abilities of RMMs to regulate EM waves, the RMMs working in polarization conversion mode, transmitted mode, reflected mode, and transmission-reflection-integrated mode are designed and simulated. Furthermore, by encoding two proper reflection sequences with

13 \times 13

elements, reflection beam patterns with two beams and four beams can be achieved, respectively. The simulation results are consistent with the theoretical method. The suggested metasurface is helpful for radar and wireless communications because of its compact size, simple construction, angular stability, and multi-functionality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Electromagnetic Devices)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 3634 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A 60 GHz Slotted Array Horn Antenna for Radar Sensing Applications in Future Global Industrial Scenarios

by Binyi Ma, Jing Li, Yu Chen, Yuheng Si, Hongyan Gao, Qiannan Wu and Mengwei Li

Micromachines 2024, 15(6), 728; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15060728 - 30 May 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1400

Abstract

This paper presents the design of a 60 GHz millimeter-wave (MMW) slot array horn antenna based on the substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) structure. The novelty of this device resides in the achievement of a broad impedance bandwidth and high gain performance by meticulously engineering [...] Read more.

This paper presents the design of a 60 GHz millimeter-wave (MMW) slot array horn antenna based on the substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) structure. The novelty of this device resides in the achievement of a broad impedance bandwidth and high gain performance by meticulously engineering the radiation band structure and slot array. The antenna demonstrates an impressive impedance bandwidth of 14.96 GHz (24.93%), accompanied by a remarkable maximum reflection coefficient of −39.47 dB. Furthermore, the antenna boasts a gain of 10.01 dBi, showcasing its outstanding performance as a high-frequency antenna with a wide bandwidth and high gain. To validate its capabilities, we fabricated and experimentally characterized a prototype of the antenna using a probe test structure. The measurement results closely align with the simulation results, affirming the suitability of the designed antenna for radar sensing applications in future global industrial scenarios. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Electromagnetic Devices)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 9637 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Analysis of 5-DOF Compact Electromagnetic Levitation Actuator for Lens Control of Laser Cutting Machine

by Chuan Zhao, Qinwei Zhang, Wenzhe Pei, Junjie Jin, Feng Sun, Hongkui Zhang, Ran Zhou, Dongning Liu, Fangchao Xu, Xiaoyou Zhang and Lijian Yang

Micromachines 2024, 15(5), 641; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15050641 - 10 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1679

Abstract

In laser beam processing, the angle or offset between the auxiliary gas and the laser beam axis have been proved to be two new process optimization parameters for improving cutting speed and quality. However, a traditional electromechanical actuator cannot achieve high-speed and high-precision [...] Read more.

In laser beam processing, the angle or offset between the auxiliary gas and the laser beam axis have been proved to be two new process optimization parameters for improving cutting speed and quality. However, a traditional electromechanical actuator cannot achieve high-speed and high-precision motion control with a compact structure. This paper proposes a magnetic levitation actuator which could realize the 5-DOF motion control of a lens using six groups of differential electromagnets. At first, the nonlinear characteristic of a magnetic driving force was analyzed by establishing an analytical model and finite element calculation. Then, the dynamic model of the magnetic levitation actuator was established using the Taylor series. And the mathematical relationship between the detected distance and five-degree-of-freedom was determined. Next, the centralized control system based on PID control was designed. Finally, a driving test was carried out to verify the five-degrees-of-freedom motion of the proposed electromagnetic levitation actuator. The results show it can achieve a stable levitation and precision positioning with a desired command motion. It also proves that the proposed magnetic levitation actuator has the potential application in an off-axis laser cutting machine tool. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Electromagnetic Devices)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 15901 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design of 2.45 GHz High-Efficiency Rectifying Circuit for Wireless RF Energy Collection System

by Yanhu Huang, Jiajun Liang, Zhao Wu and Qian Chen

Micromachines 2024, 15(3), 340; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15030340 - 29 Feb 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1591

Abstract

A 2.45 GHz high-efficiency rectifying circuit for a wireless radiofrequency (RF) energy collection system is proposed. The RF energy collection system is composed of a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna, a rectifying circuit and a load. The designed receiving antenna is a kind [...] Read more.

A 2.45 GHz high-efficiency rectifying circuit for a wireless radiofrequency (RF) energy collection system is proposed. The RF energy collection system is composed of a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna, a rectifying circuit and a load. The designed receiving antenna is a kind of dual-polarised cross-dipole antenna; its bandwidth is 2.3–2.5 GHz and gain is 7.97 dBi. The proposed rectifying circuit adopts the technology of an output matching network, which can suppress the high-harmonic components. When the input power at 2.45 GHz is 13 dBm and the load is 2 kΩ, the highest conversion efficiency of RF-DC is 74.8%, and the corresponding maximum DC output voltage is 4.92 V. The experiment results are in good agreement with the simulation results, which shows a good application prospect. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Electromagnetic Devices)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 4852 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Compact Broadband Quasi-Twisted Branch Line Coupler Based on a Double-Layered Microstrip Line

by Fayyadh H. Ahmed, Rola Saad and Salam K. Khamas

Micromachines 2024, 15(1), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15010142 - 17 Jan 2024

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1769

Abstract

A novel quasi-twisted miniaturized wideband branch line coupler (BLC) is proposed. The design is based on bisecting the conventional microstrip line BLC transversely and folding bisected sections on double-layered substrates with a common ground plane in between. The input and output terminals, each [...] Read more.

A novel quasi-twisted miniaturized wideband branch line coupler (BLC) is proposed. The design is based on bisecting the conventional microstrip line BLC transversely and folding bisected sections on double-layered substrates with a common ground plane in between. The input and output terminals, each with a length of λ_g/4, and the pair of quarter-wavelength horizontal parallel arms are converted into a Z-shaped meandered microstrip line in the designed structure. Conversely, the pair of quarter-wavelength vertical arms are halved into two lines and transformed into a periodically loaded slow-wave structure. The bisected parts of the BLC are placed on the opposite side of the doubled-layer substrate and connected through four vias passing through the common ground plane. This technique enabled a compact BLC size of 6.4 × 18 mm², which corresponds to a surface area miniaturization by ~50% as compared to the classical BLC size of 10 × 23 mm² at 6 GHz. Moreover, the attained relative bandwidth is 73.9% (4.6–10 GHz) for S11, S33, S21, and the phase difference between outputs (∠S21 − ∠S41). However, if a coupling parameter (S41) of up to −7.5 dB is considered, then the relative bandwidth reduces to 53.9% (4.6–10 GHz) for port 1 as the input. Similarly, for port 3 as the input, the obtained bandwidth is 75.8% (4.5–10 GHz) for S33, S11, S43, and the phase difference between outputs (∠S43 − ∠S23). Likewise, this bandwidth reduces to 56% (4.5–8 GHz) when a coupling parameter (S23) of up to −7.5 dB is considered. In contrast, the relative bandwidth for the ordinary BLC is 41% at the same resonant frequency. The circuit is constructed on a double-layered low-cost FR4 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.3 and a loss tangent of 0.025. An isolation of −13 dB was realized in both S₁₃ and S₃₁ demonstrating an excellent performance. The transmission coefficients between input/output ports S₂₁, S₄₁, S₂₃, and S₄₃ are between −3.1 dB to −3.5 dB at a frequency of 6 GHz. Finally, the proposed BLC provides phase differences between output ports of 90.5° and 94.8° at a frequency of 6 GHz when the input ports 1 and 3 are excited, respectively. The presented design offers the potential of being utilized as a unit cell for building a Butler matrix (BM) for sub-6 GHz 5G beamforming networks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Electromagnetic Devices)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 3547 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of a Circularly Polarized Metasurface Antenna for Hybrid Wireless Applications

by Bikash Ranjan Behera, Mohammed H. Alsharif and Abu Jahid

Micromachines 2023, 14(12), 2172; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14122172 - 29 Nov 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1709

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of the Internet of Things (IoT) as the primary networking infrastructure in a future society, driven by a strong focus on sustainability and data, is noteworthy. A significant concern associated with the widespread use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices [...] Read more.

The increasing prevalence of the Internet of Things (IoT) as the primary networking infrastructure in a future society, driven by a strong focus on sustainability and data, is noteworthy. A significant concern associated with the widespread use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices is the insufficient availability of viable strategies for effectively sustaining their power supply and ensuring their uninterrupted functionality. The ability of RF energy-harvesting systems to externally replenish batteries serves as a primary driver for the development of these technologies. To effectively mitigate concerns related to wireless technology, it is imperative to adhere strictly to the mandated limitations on electromagnetic field emissions. A TA broadband polarization-reconfigurable Y-shaped monopole antenna that is improved with a SADEA-tuned smart metasurface is one technique that has been proposed in order to accomplish this goal. A Y-shaped printed monopole antenna is first taken into consideration. To comprehend the process of polarization reconfigurability transitioning from linear to circular polarization (CP), a BAR 50-02 V RF PIN Diode is employed to shorten one of the parasitic conducting strips to the ground plane. A SADEA-driven metasurface, which utilizes the artificial intelligence-driven surrogate model-assisted differential evolution for antenna synthesis, is devised and positioned beneath the radiator to optimize performance trade-offs while increasing the antenna’s gain and bandwidth. The ultimate prototype achieves the following: an impedance bandwidth of 2.58 GHz (3.27–5.85 GHz, 48.45%); an axial bandwidth of 1.25 GHz (4.19–5.44 GHz, 25.96%); a peak gain exceeding 8.45 dBic; and when a highly efficient rectifier is integrated, the maximum RF-DC conversion efficiency of 73.82% and DC output of 5.44 V are obtained. Based on the results mentioned earlier, it is considered appropriate to supply power to intelligent sensors and reduce reliance on batteries via RF energy-harvesting mechanisms implemented in hybrid wireless applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Electromagnetic Devices)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 4165 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

A Novel High-Isolation Dual-Polarized Patch Antenna with Two In-Band Transmission Zeros

by Fuwang Li, Yi-Feng Cheng, Gaofeng Wang and Jiang Luo

Micromachines 2023, 14(9), 1784; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14091784 - 18 Sep 2023

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 1733

Abstract

In this study, we present a novel dual-polarized patch antenna that exhibits high isolation and two in-band transmission zeros (TZs). The design consists of a suspended metal patch, two feeding probes connected to an internal neutralization line (I-NL), and a T-shaped decoupling network [...] Read more.

In this study, we present a novel dual-polarized patch antenna that exhibits high isolation and two in-band transmission zeros (TZs). The design consists of a suspended metal patch, two feeding probes connected to an internal neutralization line (I-NL), and a T-shaped decoupling network (T-DN). The I-NL is responsible for generating the first TZ, and its decoupling principles are explained through an equivalent circuit model. Rigorous design formulas are also derived to aid in the construction of the feeding structure. The T-DN realizes the second TZ, resulting in further improvement of the decoupling bandwidth. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed antenna has a wide operating bandwidth (2.5–2.7 GHz), high port isolation (>30 dB), and excellent efficiency (>85%). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Electromagnetic Devices)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 7217 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Multiband Millimeter-Wave Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Omnidirectional Radiation Using a Planar Feed

by Tarek S. Abdou and Salam K. Khamas

Micromachines 2023, 14(9), 1774; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14091774 - 16 Sep 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2020

Abstract

In this study, a millimeter-wave (mmWave) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with an omnidirectional pattern is presented for the first time. A key feature of the proposed design is the utilization of a planar feed network to achieve omnidirectional radiation from a rectangular DRA, [...] Read more.

In this study, a millimeter-wave (mmWave) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with an omnidirectional pattern is presented for the first time. A key feature of the proposed design is the utilization of a planar feed network to achieve omnidirectional radiation from a rectangular DRA, which has not been reported previously in the open literature. In addition, the proposed antenna offers multiband operation with different types of radiation patterns. The degenerate TE₁₂₁/TE₂₁₁ modes were excited at 28.5 GHz with an overall internal electromagnetic field distribution that was similar to that of the HEM_21δ mode of a cylindrical DRA. The achieved omnidirectional bandwidth and gain were 1.9% and 4.3 dBi, respectively. Moreover, broadside radiation was achieved by exciting the TE₁₁₁ fundamental mode at 17.5 GHz together with the resonance of the feeding ring-slot at 23 GHz. The triple-band operation offers a highly versatile antenna that can be utilized in on-body and off-body communications. Furthermore, the proposed design was validated through measurements, demonstrating good agreement with simulations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Electromagnetic Devices)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 5254 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Study on the Compatibility of PD Flexible UHF Antenna Sensor Substrate with SF6/N2

by Xukun Hu, Guozhi Zhang, Guangyu Deng and Xuyu Li

Micromachines 2023, 14(8), 1516; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14081516 - 28 Jul 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1423

Abstract

The use of flexible, built-in, ultra-high-frequency (UHF) antenna sensors is an effective method to solve the weak high-frequency electromagnetic wave signal sensing of partial discharge (PD) inside gas-insulated switchgears (GISs), and the compatibility of flexible UHF antenna sensor substrate materials and SF6/N2 mixtures [...] Read more.

The use of flexible, built-in, ultra-high-frequency (UHF) antenna sensors is an effective method to solve the weak high-frequency electromagnetic wave signal sensing of partial discharge (PD) inside gas-insulated switchgears (GISs), and the compatibility of flexible UHF antenna sensor substrate materials and SF6/N2 mixtures is the key to the realization of a flexible UHF antenna sensor inside a GIS. Based on this, this paper builds an experimental platform for the compatibility of a 30% SF6/70% N2 gas mixture and a PD flexible UHF antenna sensor substrate and conducts compatibility experiments between the 30% SF6/70% N2 gas mixture and PD flexible UHF antenna sensor substrate under different temperatures in combination with the actual operating temperature range of the GIS. In this article, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer were used to test and analyze the gas composition, the surface morphology and the elemental change in the PD flexible UHF antenna sensor substrate, respectively. PET material will be slightly oxidized under the environment of a 30% SF6/70% N2 gas mixture at 110 °C, PI material will generate metal fluoride under the environment of a 30% SF6/70% N2 gas mixture and only PDMS material will remain stable under the environment of a 30% SF6/70% N2 gas mixture; therefore, it is appropriate to use PDMS substrate in the development of flexible UHF antenna sensors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Electromagnetic Devices)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 6341 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design of a Ka-Band Five-Bit MEMS Delay with a Coplanar Waveguide Loaded U-Shaped Slit

by Yongxin Zhan, Yu Chen, Honglei Guo, Qiannan Wu and Mengwei Li

Micromachines 2023, 14(8), 1508; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14081508 - 27 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1640

Abstract

This paper designs a five-bit microelectromechanical system (MEMS) time delay consisting of a single-pole six-throw (SP6T) RF switch and a coplanar waveguide (CPW) microstrip line. The focus is on the switch upper electrode design, power divider design, transmission line corner compensation structure design, [...] Read more.

This paper designs a five-bit microelectromechanical system (MEMS) time delay consisting of a single-pole six-throw (SP6T) RF switch and a coplanar waveguide (CPW) microstrip line. The focus is on the switch upper electrode design, power divider design, transmission line corner compensation structure design, CPW loading U-shaped slit structure design, and system simulation. The switch adopts a triangular upper electrode structure to reduce the cantilever beam equivalent elastic coefficient and the closed contact area to achieve low drive voltage and high isolation. The SP6T RF MEMS switch uses a disc-type power divider to achieve consistent RF performance across the output ports. When designed by loading U-shaped slit on transmission lines and step-compensated tangents at corners, the system loss is reduced, and the delay amount is improved. In addition, the overall size of the device is 2.1 mm × 2.4 mm × 0.5 mm, simulation results show that the device has a delay amount of 0–60 ps in the frequency range of 26.5–40 GHz, the delay accuracy at the center frequency is better than 0.63 ps, the delay error in the whole frequency band is less than 22.2%, the maximum insertion loss is 3.69 dB, and the input–output return rejection is better than 21.54 dB. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Electromagnetic Devices)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 6127 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Ultra-Wideband and Narrowband Switchable, Bi-Functional Metamaterial Absorber Based on Vanadium Dioxide

by Xiaoyan Wang, Yanfei Liu, Yilin Jia, Ningning Su and Qiannan Wu

Micromachines 2023, 14(7), 1381; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071381 - 6 Jul 2023

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2097

Abstract

A switchable ultra-wideband THz absorber based on vanadium dioxide was proposed, which consists of a lowermost gold layer, a PMI dielectric layer, and an insulating and surface vanadium dioxide layer. Based on the phase transition properties of vanadium dioxide, switching performance between ultra-broadband [...] Read more.

A switchable ultra-wideband THz absorber based on vanadium dioxide was proposed, which consists of a lowermost gold layer, a PMI dielectric layer, and an insulating and surface vanadium dioxide layer. Based on the phase transition properties of vanadium dioxide, switching performance between ultra-broadband and narrowband can achieve a near-perfect absorption. The constructed model was simulated and analyzed using finite element analysis. Simulations show that the absorption frequency of vanadium dioxide above 90% is between 3.8 THz and 15.6 THz when the vanadium dioxide is in the metallic state. The broadband absorber has an absorption bandwidth of 11.8 THz, is insensitive to TE and TM polarization, and has universal incidence angle insensitivity. When vanadium dioxide is in the insulating state, the narrowband absorber has a Q value as high as 1111 at a frequency of 13.89 THz when the absorption is more excellent than 99%. The absorber proposed in this paper has favorable symmetry properties, excellent TE and TM wave insensitivity, overall incidence angle stability, and the advantages of its small size, ultra-widebands and narrowbands, and elevated Q values. The designed absorber has promising applications in multifunctional devices, electromagnetic cloaking, and optoelectronic switches. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Electromagnetic Devices)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research

49 pages, 29860 KiB

Open AccessReview

Planar Printed Structures Based on Matryoshka Geometries: A Review

by Alfredo Gomes Neto, Jefferson Costa e Silva, Joabson Nogueira de Carvalho and Custódio Peixeiro

Micromachines 2024, 15(4), 469; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15040469 - 29 Mar 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1355

Abstract

A review on planar printed structures that are based on Matryoshka-like geometries is presented. These structures use the well-known principle of Matryoshka dolls that are successively nested inside each other. The well-known advantages of the planar printed technology and of the meandered nested [...] Read more.

A review on planar printed structures that are based on Matryoshka-like geometries is presented. These structures use the well-known principle of Matryoshka dolls that are successively nested inside each other. The well-known advantages of the planar printed technology and of the meandered nested Matryoshka geometries are combined to generate miniaturized, multi-resonance, and/or wideband configurations. Both metal and complementary slot structures are considered. Closed and open configurations were analyzed. The working principles were explored in order to obtain physical insight into their behavior. Low-cost and single-layer applications as frequency-selective surfaces, filters, antennas, and sensors, in the microwave frequency region, were reviewed. Potential future research perspectives and new applications are then discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Electromagnetic Devices)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Recent Advances in Electromagnetic Devices

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Published Papers (14 papers)

Editorial

Research

Review

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI