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Open AccessEditorial

Statement of Peer Review

by Antonio Di Bartolomeo, Guanying Chen, Minas M. Stylianakis, Ullrich Scherf, Jian-Gan Wang, Wolfgang Heiss and Oana Cadar

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2023014077 - 5 Sep 2023

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Abstract

In submitting conference proceedings to Materials Proceedings, the volume editors of the proceedings certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review administered by the volume editors [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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1397 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

An Investigation of the Optimal Conditions for the Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using an Aqueous Extract from the Agrimonia eupatoria L. Plant

by Ana Kesić, Katarina Marković, Mirjana Grujović and Zoran Marković

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14477 - 5 May 2023

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Abstract

In this research study, silver nitrate and an aqueous extract of the Agrimonia eupatoria L. plant were used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The optimal conditions for this green synthesis were examined: the concentration of starting substances, pH value, and temperature. [...] Read more.

In this research study, silver nitrate and an aqueous extract of the Agrimonia eupatoria L. plant were used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The optimal conditions for this green synthesis were examined: the concentration of starting substances, pH value, and temperature. For the maximum AgNP yield, the best conditions were a 5 mM AgNO₃ concentration, 1% extract concentration, a temperature of 25 °C, pH = 6, and a 3 h reaction time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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4031 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Investigation of Transition Metal Ions Cu²⁺ and Mg²⁺ Doped Zinc Aluminate (ZnAl₂O₄) and Their Structural, Spectral, Optical, and Dielectric Study for High-Frequency Applications

by Yasmin Jamil, Gracie P. Jeyakumar and Geetha Deivasigamani

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14478 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1134

Abstract

Zinc Aluminate is an excellent dielectric material suitable for a variety of technological applications due to its high-quality factor, low dielectric loss, and appreciable conductivity. Here in this study, the preparation of Zn_1−xM_xAl₂O₄ (M = Cu [...] Read more.

Zinc Aluminate is an excellent dielectric material suitable for a variety of technological applications due to its high-quality factor, low dielectric loss, and appreciable conductivity. Here in this study, the preparation of Zn_1−xM_xAl₂O₄ (M = Cu²⁺, Mg²⁺: x = 0, 0.10) powders were carried out using the citrate-based combustion route. The structural, spectral, optical, stoichiometry composition, and dielectric performance of the synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated to explore the substitution effect of Cu²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions. It was confirmed from XRD results that all the samples exhibited a monophase spinel structure. The estimated average crystallite size is calculated to be 23 nm. The functional group identification of the samples was monitored by FTIR spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDAX) was utilized to confirm the composition of the samples. UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy demonstrated decrement in the band gap due to doping. Impedance spectroscopy displayed improved dielectric properties for the doped samples. The Cole–Cole plots enlightened the relaxation processes and provided information about the complex electrical behavior of the material. It was established that non-Debye relaxation was found to be prominent in the investigated aluminates. From the electrical parameters obtained, it displays the semiconducting nature of the zinc aluminate particles, and it can be utilized for high-frequency applications such as ceramic capacitors, resonators, and filters in high-frequency electronics. Overall, Zinc Aluminate is a versatile material with potential application in various fields of science and electronics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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1256 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Metal-Organic Frameworks as Novel Photocatalysts: Opportunities for Catalyst Design

by Edgar Clyde R. Lopez

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14541 - 5 May 2023

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Abstract

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an evolving class of crystalline porous materials made of organic linkers and metallic nodes. The rich chemistry of MOFs allows them to have an almost infinite number of possible structures. Consequently, they have been of great interest because of [...] Read more.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an evolving class of crystalline porous materials made of organic linkers and metallic nodes. The rich chemistry of MOFs allows them to have an almost infinite number of possible structures. Consequently, they have been of great interest because of their highly tunable properties and unique features, such as their high porosity, high surface area, structural stability, structural diversity, and tailorability. These enable MOFs to be a flexible catalytic platform for photocatalytic applications. Thus, this paper discusses the opportunities of MOFs for use in catalysis. In particular, the use of metal-organic frameworks as a photocatalyst is briefly discussed. Specifically, MOFs can be used as a photocatalyst for carbon dioxide reduction (CO₂RR), nitrogen reduction reactions (NRRs), and water-splitting reactions (HERs and ORRs). However, using MOFs as catalytic platforms has some challenges that must be addressed to achieve commercialization. Therefore, this paper also discusses some prospects of designing MOFs for their specific catalytic applications to improve their catalytic properties and enhance selectivity. More importantly, an outlook is also provided on how MOF catalysts can further be developed to enable other catalytic reactions. Overall, MOFs have great potential as a photocatalytic material, provided they are uniquely designed to suit their intended applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Neuron and Glial Cells Exposed to Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles: Results from MTT and γH2AX Assays

by Natalia Fernández-Bertólez, Assia Touzani, Luisa Martínez, Josefina Méndez, Ana Teresa Reis, Carla Costa, Sonia Fraga, João Paulo Teixeira, Eduardo Pásaro, Blanca Laffon and Vanessa Valdiglesias

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14517 - 5 May 2023

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Abstract

Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO₂NP) show antioxidant enzyme-like properties and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity, making them a promising material for potential therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of this work was to assess the biological behavior of CeO₂ [...] Read more.

Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO₂NP) show antioxidant enzyme-like properties and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity, making them a promising material for potential therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of this work was to assess the biological behavior of CeO₂NP in human SH-SY5Y neuronal and A172 glial cells by means of the MTT assay and the γH2AX assay. Despite the significant dose- and time-dependent NP internalization by both cell lines, nanoceria generally presented scarce cytotoxicity or genotoxicity, essentially restricted to the highest NP doses and longest exposure times. In conclusion, a high biocompatibility of CeO₂NP was observed under the conditions tested. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green Dye via An Inner Transition Metal Oxide-Based Nanostructure Fabricated through a Hydrothermal Route

by Sabeeha Jabeen, Adil Shafi Ganie, Shashi Bala and Tahmeena Khan

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14445 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1568

Abstract

This experimentation focuses on an inner transition metal oxide-based nanostructure LaFeO₃ which was fabricated by a hydrothermal route for photocatalytic degradation of dye under visible light irradiation. The fabricated nanostructure was characterized by various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), which depicts the [...] Read more.

This experimentation focuses on an inner transition metal oxide-based nanostructure LaFeO₃ which was fabricated by a hydrothermal route for photocatalytic degradation of dye under visible light irradiation. The fabricated nanostructure was characterized by various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), which depicts the crystalline nature and size of the synthesize nanostructure which is 45 nm; Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), which determined the overall morphology of the nanocomposite; and energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis, which established the presence of La, O, and Fe in the sample. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was checked for the decolorization of malachite green (MG) dye. It was observed that the nanostructure showed maximum response with more than 80% degradation of MG in 80 min. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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402 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Clomiphene Citrate as Nanomedicine Assistance in Ovulatory Disorders and Its Hyphenated Techniques

by Tejasweeni Girase, Javesh Patil, Aayushi Tatiya, Devyani Patil and Mamta Patil

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14505 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2730

Abstract

Nanotechnology has prompted new aspirations for managing modern human challenges. Furthermore, it has been utilized for aid in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of ovulatory disorders. Women with ovulatory issues may benefit from formulations using nanotechnology as an alternative possible treatment. Clomiphene citrate [...] Read more.

Nanotechnology has prompted new aspirations for managing modern human challenges. Furthermore, it has been utilized for aid in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of ovulatory disorders. Women with ovulatory issues may benefit from formulations using nanotechnology as an alternative possible treatment. Clomiphene citrate is a nonsteroidal, ovulatory stimulant that acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). It is a triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative that is primarily used to trigger ovulation in female infertility cases where there is anovulation. Anovulatory infertility is most frequently caused by polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which is a gynecological endocrine disorder. Elevated serum concentrations of androgens, LH, and insulin are the main features of its endocrine profile. The primary goal of treating PCOS-related infertility is to increase the amount of FSH that is exposed to the ovary, either by antagonizing the estrogenic effects of clomiphene citrate in the hypothalamus or by directly affecting the ovary using recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). In about 80% of treated individuals, ovulation is recovered by clomiphene citrate. In this review, we discuss the chemistry and pharmacology of clomiphene citrate, as well as the delivery of clomiphene citrate via nanosystems for improving solubility and limiting side-effects. The hyphenated techniques for analyzing and quantifying clomiphene citrate in solvents and biological samples are also overviewed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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2810 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Green Synthesis of ZnO-NPs by Juglans regia Green Husk Aqueous Extract

by Marzieh Dehghani and Parinaz Ghadam

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14444 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1159

Abstract

Nanobiotechnology is a broad science that provides nanomaterials to solve many medical, agricultural, engineering, biological, and chemical problems. Nanoparticles (NPs) are nanomaterials with zero dimensions. Due to its numerous applications in a variety of scientific fields, semiconductor NPs synthesis has received a lot [...] Read more.

Nanobiotechnology is a broad science that provides nanomaterials to solve many medical, agricultural, engineering, biological, and chemical problems. Nanoparticles (NPs) are nanomaterials with zero dimensions. Due to its numerous applications in a variety of scientific fields, semiconductor NPs synthesis has received a lot of attention in recent times. There are three methods that can be used to make NPs including chemical, biological, and physical methods. ZnO-NPs has been synthesized by the biological method in this study. The green husk of Juglans regia aqueous extract was used to make NPs using the biological method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and UV-Visible spectroscopy were used to examine the NPs’ properties. The biosynthesized ZnO-NPs have a strong SPR band at 360 nm, as demonstrated by the UV-Vis analysis results. These NPs are crystalline. In addition, the results of the DLS analysis showed that the hydrodynamic diameter of 90% of the biosynthesized zinc oxide is less than 292.55 nm. Furthermore, the TEM analysis confirmed that these NPs have spherical and ellipsoidal shapes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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1626 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocomposites Based on Carbon Materials and Transitional Oxides

by Vasilica Ţucureanu, Cosmin Alexandru Obreja, Cristina Pachiu, Oana Brîncoveanu and Alina Matei

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14453 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1215

Abstract

Nanostructured materials in the biomedical field are commonly used for diagnostics, drug delivery, therapy activation and monitoring therapeutic responses in real-time, thus maximizing the therapeutic benefits simultaneously with a minimally invasive effect and low toxicity. Electrochemical analysis and, implicitly, the development of materials [...] Read more.

Nanostructured materials in the biomedical field are commonly used for diagnostics, drug delivery, therapy activation and monitoring therapeutic responses in real-time, thus maximizing the therapeutic benefits simultaneously with a minimally invasive effect and low toxicity. Electrochemical analysis and, implicitly, the development of materials for biosensors have become of vital importance for the monitoring of biomolecules. The conductivity of nanocomposites is usually determined by characteristics related to the concentration, size and dispersion of the nanoparticles. Generally, graphene’s high surface energy and strong interactions moderate its uniform compatibility with different media. In the present paper, we propose the synthesis of yttrium oxide nanoparticles for developing nanocomposites based on transition oxides and carbon materials for electrochemical applications. The precipitation method was used to obtain nanostructured Y₂O₃. The Hummer method was used for the synthesis of graphene material. After the activation step of the Y₂O₃ surface, the ex-situ method was chosen to obtain the nanocomposites, allowing the insertion of oxide nanoparticles into the sheets of carbon materials. The developed materials were studied from a structural point of view using Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. The surface morphology, particle size and distribution of nanoparticles in the carbon material were studied using a field emission scanning electron microscope. The goniometric studies followed the wetting and percolation capacity of the nanocomposite. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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1534 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Study of the Influence of Process Parameters on the Morphology of ZnO Nanostructures

by Alina Matei, Oana Brincoveanu, Cosmin Romanitan and Vasilica Tucureanu

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14455 - 5 May 2023

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Abstract

Zinc oxide nanostructures have real potential in different scientific fields. In the case of these nanostructures, it was found that the morphology of ZnO plays an essential role in developing further applications, but it is necessary a rigorous control of the main factors [...] Read more.

Zinc oxide nanostructures have real potential in different scientific fields. In the case of these nanostructures, it was found that the morphology of ZnO plays an essential role in developing further applications, but it is necessary a rigorous control of the main factors which influence the size, shape, agglomeration tendency, uniformity, and orientation of the nanostructures. In the present paper, our efforts are oriented to synthesize different types of ZnO nanostructures by chemical method, and optimization was achieved with varying parameters, such as the concentration of precursors, types of solvents, pH, time, or temperature, as well as the parameters required for thermal treatment. To obtain the characteristic structural and morphological information, ZnO nanostructures were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM analysis confirms that the morphology and size of the ZnO nanostructures depend on the process parameters. The XRD results reveal that the synthesized samples have a wurtzite crystalline structure, and FTIR spectra show the presence of Zn-O bonding. The wetting capacity of continuous ZnO surfaces with different morphologies was studied by measuring the contact angle, indicating that the wetting and percolation capacity, depend on the orientation of the synthesized nanostructures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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1873 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Nafion-Based Layer-by-Layer Coatings with Antimicrobial Activity

by Ella Gibbons, Marta Krysmann, Spyridon Gavalas, Kira Heslop and Antonios Kelarakis

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14471 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1230

Abstract

With the need for non-antibiotic approaches to microbial pathogenesis being ever present, the development of alternatives centred around infection prevention is of deep importance. Antimicrobial surface coatings offer a promising approach, as they can possess multiple favourable qualities such as low toxicity, longevity, [...] Read more.

With the need for non-antibiotic approaches to microbial pathogenesis being ever present, the development of alternatives centred around infection prevention is of deep importance. Antimicrobial surface coatings offer a promising approach, as they can possess multiple favourable qualities such as low toxicity, longevity, and the capacity for re-coating. Of the possible coating methods, layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition provides a particularly useful approach, allowing for the facile creation of multilayered coatings on pre-existing surfaces. For these LbL coatings, Nafion, a synthetic polymer with excellent mechanical properties, was used as a stable foundation for two model trilayer systems. Both sets of systems comprised Nafion layered alongside compounds with well-established antimicrobial activity: lysozyme, chitosan, and carbon dots (CDots). In addition to their antimicrobial properties, lysozyme and chitosan are both nontoxic and biocompatible, making them ideal for biomedical applications. Similarly, CDots have low toxicity but also possess fluorescent properties, opening up the potential for the assessment of coating integrity, making these coatings suitable for high-wear surfaces. As such, the two trilayer systems were made of, respectively, Nafion, lysozyme, and chitosan; and Nafion, lysozyme, and CDots. When assessed against the representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive species Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), respectively, both trilayer systems showed excellent antimicrobial activity, producing up to 3 log reductions in colony-forming units compared with a control. The activity of both sets of systems, alongside the similar activity between systems, showed both good synergy between and interchangeability of layer components, opening up the possibility for further tailoring in future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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4234 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Natural Clinoptilolite Nanoplatelets Production by a Friction-Based Technology

by Loredana Schiavo, Vincenzo Boccia, Lucrezia Aversa, Roberto Verucchi, Gianfranco Carotenuto and Teodoro Valente

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14474 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1151

Abstract

Molecular traps, based on natural zeolites, are being used to remove harmful gaseous substances (VOCs). These chemical devices must be supported on an adequate substrate (e.g., paper, polymeric films, etc.). To achieve very strong adhesion with the substrate, the planar shape is the [...] Read more.

Molecular traps, based on natural zeolites, are being used to remove harmful gaseous substances (VOCs). These chemical devices must be supported on an adequate substrate (e.g., paper, polymeric films, etc.). To achieve very strong adhesion with the substrate, the planar shape is the most convenient choice for these systems. Clinoptilolite is a nanostructured material made of nanosized lamellae with a thickness of 40 nm. A new technological approach, based on the use of an abrasive drill, was selected to exfoliate a natural clinoptilolite sample, thus leading to a powder made of single lamellar crystals. The obtained lamellae have been characterized by TEM, SEM/EDS, and XPS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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2257 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Hydrogels and Nanostructures Formed from Ciprofloxacin–Peptide Conjugates

by Peter J. Jervis, Inês Baptista, Luciana Martins, David M. Pereira, José A. Martins and Paula M. T. Ferreira

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14493 - 5 May 2023

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Abstract

Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic that possesses potent activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is used to treat many infections. Despite its widespread use, ciprofloxacin is associated with side effects, which might be reduced by improving its pharmacokinetic properties. The [...] Read more.

Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic that possesses potent activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is used to treat many infections. Despite its widespread use, ciprofloxacin is associated with side effects, which might be reduced by improving its pharmacokinetic properties. The chemical structure of ciprofloxacin is the source of some of its limitations, which include: (1) Poor membrane permeability due to lipophobicity caused by the presence of polar groups; and (2) poor transportation and absorption due to poor water solubility caused by the flat aromatic structure. Previous methods for improving the pharmacokinetic properties of ciprofloxacin have involved the synthesis of conjugates. Issues related to poor membrane permeability, transportation and absorption of drugs can also be improved by employing nanocarriers and nanomaterials. Encapsulation within nanocarriers allows targeted drug delivery and reduced side effects as lower doses of the drug can be administered. Nanocarriers that can be used for this purpose include nanoparticles and hydrogels. Our research group is interested in supramolecular hydrogels as drug delivery systems. Short amphiphilic peptides are often able to form hydrogels through self-assembly. This present work describes the synthesis of a ciprofloxacin–dehydropeptide conjugate with the aim of forming hydrogels and related nanostructures to be used for the ‘self-delivery’ of antibacterial compounds. We assessed the hydrogelation ability, antibacterial activity, and pharmacokinetic properties. TEM microscopy revealed nanotubes and nanospheres. The conjugate was unable to form hydrogels alone but was able to form hydrogels as the major component of a co-gel with another peptide gelator. Although the conjugate retained antibacterial activity at 400 µM, activity diminished at lower concentrations. Thus, future work should focus on more hydrolysable pro-drug versions of the conjugate or versions where the peptide is connected at an alternate position. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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1490 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Gold Nanohole Array Design

by Francesco Floris, Margherita Angelini and Franco Marabelli

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14534 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1129

Abstract

Gold nanohole arrays represent a class of bidimensional plasmonic metasurfaces that are suitable for realizing optical sensors. We propose a modeling approach based on a customized particle swarm optimization algorithm implemented in the commercial Ansys Lumerical FDTD software. Providing the relevant optical and [...] Read more.

Gold nanohole arrays represent a class of bidimensional plasmonic metasurfaces that are suitable for realizing optical sensors. We propose a modeling approach based on a customized particle swarm optimization algorithm implemented in the commercial Ansys Lumerical FDTD software. Providing the relevant optical and morphological parameters, we obtain a set of optimized geometrical parameters tailored to the required features. Specifically, we deal with square and hexagonal arrays of air cylinders embedded in a gold layer deposited on a glass substrate engineered for surface plasmon resonance technique-based biosensors. Two structures have been defined and we plan to fabricate them to validate our design routine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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3250 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Microstructure Characterization of Titania-Based Micro-Arc Oxidation Coatings with Nanoparticles

by Lukasz Maj, Faiz Muhaffel, Anna Jarzebska, Anna Trelka, Mariusz Kulczyk, Huseyin Cimenoglu and Magdalena Bieda

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14535 - 5 May 2023

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Abstract

Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) has proven to be a very promising method for the fabrication of functional coatings on titanium-based materials intended for dental implant application. The possibility of mixing the electrolyte components and/or adding the nanopowder opened a way to produce antibacterial surfaces. [...] Read more.

Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) has proven to be a very promising method for the fabrication of functional coatings on titanium-based materials intended for dental implant application. The possibility of mixing the electrolyte components and/or adding the nanopowder opened a way to produce antibacterial surfaces. In the present work, the microstructure study of MAO coatings was carried out with the use of cutting-edge electron microscopes to reveal the way of the incorporation of the metallic and ceramic nanoparticles. These studies showed the possibility of the incorporation of metallic and ceramic nanoparticles into the MAO coating both from the as-supplied nanopowder and from the mix of inorganic salts. The produced nanoparticles locate preferentially on the very top of the coating and areas close to porosity. Furthermore, the use of silver acetate allows the production of ultrafine nanoparticles (with a size <10 nm), unachievable for as-supplied nanopowder. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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1572 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Electromagnetic Microwave Absorption Performances of PVC/AC Composites

by Igor P. Matushko, Yuriy V. Noskov, Vladyslav A. Moiseienko, Volodymyr Yu. Malyshev and Liudmyla M. Grishchenko

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14537 - 5 May 2023

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Abstract

Films of composite materials PVC/AC were obtained through the use of a method of thermal pressing of powders of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and activated carbon (AC) at different mass ratios. TGA, TPDIR and TPDMS methods were used to determine the concentration and study [...] Read more.

Films of composite materials PVC/AC were obtained through the use of a method of thermal pressing of powders of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and activated carbon (AC) at different mass ratios. TGA, TPDIR and TPDMS methods were used to determine the concentration and study the thermal stability of oxygen-containing functional groups of AC. The morphology of AC was studied via the SEM method. When studying the microwave properties of the obtained films of PVC/AC composite materials, it was found that with an increase in the percentage mass of AC, the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves from the sample increases, and it appears that this change occurs according to a linear law. It was established that high concentrations of the filler worsen the radio-masking properties of the investigated PVC/AC composite while at the same time improving the absorption of electromagnetic waves by this material. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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4 pages, 750 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Formation of Nanoscale (Ti,V)N Solid Solutions form Equimolar TiN/VN Blend at Mechanical Alloying or HPHT Sintering

by Nadezhda Belyavina, Olesya Nakonechna, Alla Kuryliuk, Pavlo Kogutyuk, Denis Stratiichuk and Vladimir Turkevich

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14518 - 2 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1062

Abstract

The comparative study of TiN and VN interaction at mechanical alloying (MA) of the equimolar TiN-VN mixture in a ball mill and after high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) sintering of the cBN-TiN-VN charge, which contains 35 vol.% of this mixture, is presented. MA [...] Read more.

The comparative study of TiN and VN interaction at mechanical alloying (MA) of the equimolar TiN-VN mixture in a ball mill and after high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) sintering of the cBN-TiN-VN charge, which contains 35 vol.% of this mixture, is presented. MA for five hours or HPHT sintering at 2000–2300 °C results in the formation of Ti_xV_1−xN_y and V_xTi_1−xN_y solid solutions containing 8–10 at.% of vanadium or titanium. Preliminary processing of the initial powder mixture in a ball mill promotes the occurrence of solid-state reactions during HPHT sintering of composites and influences their physical characteristics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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1460 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Synthesis of g-C₃N₄/WO₃ Composites under Hydrothermal Conditions and Study of Their Photocatalytic Properties

by Ekaterina D. Medvedeva, Daniil A. Kozlov, Alexander O. Revenko and Alexey V. Garshev

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14536 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 1394

Abstract

g-C₃N₄/WO₃ composites have drawn great interest in heterogeneous photocatalysis due to their effective separation of charge carriers at the contact with semiconductor phases. In this work, we have studied the effect of hydrothermal conditions on composites’ structure and [...] Read more.

g-C₃N₄/WO₃ composites have drawn great interest in heterogeneous photocatalysis due to their effective separation of charge carriers at the contact with semiconductor phases. In this work, we have studied the effect of hydrothermal conditions on composites’ structure and photocatalytic activities. Initial g-C₃N₄ was obtained using the classical melamine thermolysis approach. g-C₃N₄/WO₃ composites were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions from acidic tungstate solutions. Structure and composition changes in g-C₃N₄ were described using FTIR-spectroscopy and CHNO-analysis. The synthesized composites were characterized by powder XRD and STEM analysis, which showed WO₃ formation on the g-C₃N₄ surface. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated in the reaction of hydrogen peroxide generation from oxygen under UV irradiation. The obtained composites demonstrated up to three times higher photocatalytic activity than the individual semiconductor photocatalysts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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526 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Use Opportunities of Hydrated Fullerene Nanoparticles for Hypothermic Storage of Industrial Oysters

by Oksana Falko, Viktor Chizhevskiy, Olexandr Ponomarenko, Victoria Evlash, Inna Piliugina and Sergey Gubsky

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14473 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 970

Abstract

Hydrated fullerene (C60FWS) as an aqueous colloidal solution exhibits a wide range of biological activity at low concentrations. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of hydrated fullerene nanoparticles on the safety of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea Gigas) during [...] Read more.

Hydrated fullerene (C60FWS) as an aqueous colloidal solution exhibits a wide range of biological activity at low concentrations. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of hydrated fullerene nanoparticles on the safety of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea Gigas) during hypothermic storage. Sensory characteristics, physicochemical and biochemical properties of the control group (CG) without addition and the experimental group (EG) with the addition of 10⁻⁸ M aqueous solution of C60FWS were used to assess the effect of hydrated fullerene nanoparticles on the preservation of oysters during storage at a temperature of 5 °C. The content of volatile nitrogen compounds as products of accumulation of protein degradation during autolytic and microbiological processes for CG and EG was 3.36 and 2.51 mg/10 mL of extract, respectively. This sensitive and objective indicator of negative changes in mollusk tissues during storage confirms the antioxidant properties of hydrated fullerene as an antioxidant protection tool for damage and destruction of biomolecules. This conclusion is confirmed by experimental data on changes in protein concentration in the tissues of mollusks in the adaptation processes of oysters during storage. So, on the 9th day of the experiment, the tissues of the animals of the experimental group contained 19% less protein in comparison with the control animals. Changes in physicochemical and biochemical parameters correlate with changes in the organoleptic characteristics of oysters. Preliminary storage of oysters in sea water with the addition of hydrated fullerene nanoparticles slows down the process of autolysis and allows it to be used as a tool to prevent changes in the quality of this food product, doubling the storage time of mollusks during transportation under anoxic and hypothermic conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Exploring Optical Nonlinearities of Glass Nanocomposites Made of Bimetallic Nanoparticles and Mesogenic Metal Alkanoates

by Valentyn Rudenko, Anatolii Tolochko, Svitlana Bugaychuk, Dmytro Zhulai, Gertruda Klimusheva, Galina Yaremchuk, Tatyana Mirnaya and Yuriy Garbovskiy

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14494 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 886

Abstract

The unique properties of nanomaterials along with their suitability for photonics applications can be explored by dispersing nanodopants in a transparent glass matrix. As a rule, the creation of glass nanocomposites involves the synthesis of nanoparticles followed by their dispersion in a glass [...] Read more.

The unique properties of nanomaterials along with their suitability for photonics applications can be explored by dispersing nanodopants in a transparent glass matrix. As a rule, the creation of glass nanocomposites involves the synthesis of nanoparticles followed by their dispersion in a glass host. This laborious two-step process can be simplified if glass-forming liquid crystals are used as a nanoreactor and host matrix. In this paper, we discuss the successful realization of this approach using mesogenic metal alkanoates for the fabrication of unconventional glass nanocomposites containing metal and/or bimetallic nanoparticles. More specifically, metal (gold and silver) and bimetallic (silver-gold) nanoparticles are synthesized in the liquid crystal phase of a glass-forming cadmium octanoate. Upon cooling, cadmium octanoate samples containing the synthesized nanoparticles easily vitrify, resulting in the formation of glass nanocomposites. The produced glass nanocomposites exhibit a relatively strong (10⁻⁸–10⁻⁷ esu) nonlinear-optical response tested by means of a Z-scan technique and utilizing visible (532 nm) and near-infrared (1064 nm) nanosecond laser pulses. The evaluated values of the effective nonlinear absorption coefficients and nonlinear refractive indices of the studied samples depend on their composition and on the intensity of laser beams, thus revealing the presence of several nonlinear-optical mechanisms acting simultaneously. Potential applications of the designed glass nanocomposites are also discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

3D Printing of Photocurable Resin Reinforced by Functionalised Graphene Nanoplatelets

by Mohamad Alsaadi, Eoin P. Hinchy, Conor T. McCarthy, Vicente F. Moritz, Alexandre Portela and Declan M. Devine

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14540 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 1324

Abstract

The influence of functionalised graphene nanoplatelets with melamine on the thermal and mechanical properties of a 3D-printed photopolymerisable resin is investigated. In this work, a liquid-based 3D printer and stereolithography were employed to fabricate the 3D-printed parts, and a commercial dimethacrylate-based resin was [...] Read more.

The influence of functionalised graphene nanoplatelets with melamine on the thermal and mechanical properties of a 3D-printed photopolymerisable resin is investigated. In this work, a liquid-based 3D printer and stereolithography were employed to fabricate the 3D-printed parts, and a commercial dimethacrylate-based resin was used. The 3D-printed parts were subjected to ultraviolet and thermal post-curing stages to improve thermal and mechanical behaviour. The quality of the graphene nanoplatelets’ functionalisation was characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Thermal and mechanical characterisations were performed via thermogravimetric, tensile, and Izod impact tests. The fractured surfaces were observed via scanning electron microscopy. The degree of graphene nanoplatelet dispersion in the polymer matrix is enhanced by bonding with melamine via π–π interactions and inhibited surface defect formation. Results show property enhancements of up to 35% in tensile strength, 78% in impact strength, and 38% in residual weight at 400 °C. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Study of Photoresistor Fabrication Based on Mercury Chalcogenides Applying Various Ligand Exchanges

by Teodora Milenkovich, Ivan Alekseevich Shuklov, Alaa Alddin Mardini and Victor Sergeevich Popov

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14500 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1049

Abstract

The presented paper describes the study of ligand-exchange dependent properties of mercury chalcogenides (HgS, HgTe) colloidal quantum-dot thin films. Thin films of colloidal quantum dots of mercury telluride and mercury sulfide were prepared using a layer-by-layer deposition technique applying dip-coating and spin-coating methods. [...] Read more.

The presented paper describes the study of ligand-exchange dependent properties of mercury chalcogenides (HgS, HgTe) colloidal quantum-dot thin films. Thin films of colloidal quantum dots of mercury telluride and mercury sulfide were prepared using a layer-by-layer deposition technique applying dip-coating and spin-coating methods. The impact of the synthetic procedure of quantum dots, solvent and concentration of colloidal solution on the thin films’ properties was analyzed. By using concentrated colloidal solutions in tetrachloroethylene, we succeeded in the preparation of homogeneous thin films with minimal roughness. The surface morphology and thickness of the thin films were determined using AFM. The voltage–current characteristics of photosensitive devices applying various ligand exchanges were investigated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Applications of Nanomaterials in Food Industry: A Review

by Gamze Ozcakir

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14470 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4836

Abstract

The functionalization of nanostructured materials finds many applications in the food industry. Some of these areas include nanosensors and new packaging materials. Nanosensors are used for the detection of toxic and nonedible components in food. In food packaging, it can be possible to [...] Read more.

The functionalization of nanostructured materials finds many applications in the food industry. Some of these areas include nanosensors and new packaging materials. Nanosensors are used for the detection of toxic and nonedible components in food. In food packaging, it can be possible to obtain antioxidant-featured nanomaterials using nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanocrystals, and nanoemulsions. It is important to find suitable food nanomaterials for both the consumer and the environment. Therefore, researchers have studied the risks of food nanomaterials for humans in case of a long time usage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Cytotoxic Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Human Glial Cells

by Vanessa Valdiglesias, Assia Touzani, Lucía Ramos-Pan, Anabel Alba-González, Mónica Folgueira, Jorge Moreda-Piñeiro, Josefina Méndez, Eduardo Pásaro, Natalia Fernández-Bertólez and Blanca Laffon

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14509 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1025

Abstract

Despite being one of the most studied nanomaterials, much remains unknown about the mechanism of action of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NP). The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects on cell viability caused by the exposure of glial cells to [...] Read more.

Despite being one of the most studied nanomaterials, much remains unknown about the mechanism of action of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NP). The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects on cell viability caused by the exposure of glial cells to ZnO NP, and the role of Zn²⁺ in the observed effects. The impact of ZnO NP or Zn²⁺ ions on cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. The exposure to ZnO NP induced a significant decrease in cell viability. The presence of Zn²⁺ ions released from ZnO NP was not entirely responsible for the observed cytotoxic effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Application of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) in Cyclic Carbonate Production using a Green Method: An Overview

by Gamze Ozcakir

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14479 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 1049

Abstract

One of the strategies suggested for solving the greenhouse gas problem is the transformation of CO₂ into valuable chemicals, such as carbamates, cyclic carbonates, oxazolidones and tetramic acids. Among these chemicals, cyclic carbonates can be used in lithium-ion batteries as electrolytes. Cyclic [...] Read more.

One of the strategies suggested for solving the greenhouse gas problem is the transformation of CO₂ into valuable chemicals, such as carbamates, cyclic carbonates, oxazolidones and tetramic acids. Among these chemicals, cyclic carbonates can be used in lithium-ion batteries as electrolytes. Cyclic carbonate production via CO₂ cycloaddition is feasible method in terms of thermodynamic and atom economy. However, CO₂ transformation processes require high energy. So, researchers have studied several catalysts. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can have success even under humid conditions in cyclic carbonate production via CO₂ cycloaddition. The features of COFs are low density, large surface area and adjustable pore size and structure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Aptamer-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles Targeting Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) for Cancer Theranostic, In Vitro Assays

by Paola Y. Carrión-García, Celia N. Sánchez-Domínguez, Hugo L. Gallardo-Blanco, Elsa N. Garza-Treviño, Jesús R. Delgado-Balderas, Jorge A. Roacho-Pérez and Margarita Sánchez-Domínguez

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14502 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 1482

Abstract

The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein overexpressed in several solid tumors, including breast and prostate cancer. HER2 has been associated with aggressiveness, a poor prognosis, resistance to therapy, and accelerated tumor growth. Recent advances in nanomedicine have [...] Read more.

The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein overexpressed in several solid tumors, including breast and prostate cancer. HER2 has been associated with aggressiveness, a poor prognosis, resistance to therapy, and accelerated tumor growth. Recent advances in nanomedicine have shown potential for application in cancer detection. In this study, we designed a nanosystem (NS) based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated with a fluorescent HER2-specific aptamer to detect and treat HER2-positive cancer cells. The conjugate formation was characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Then, we evaluated the hemocompatibility and compared the cytotoxic effect between NS and trastuzumab in different cell lines. Fluorescence detection suggests that NS can specifically bind to cells with high HER2 expression. This preliminary study reveals the potential of aptamer-functionalized AuNPs as a theranostic tool in HER2-overexpressing cancer cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Low-Cost Hydrothermally Synthesized Multifunctional Rare Earth Metal Yttrium Cerium Oxide

by Shivangi Srivastava and Narendra Kumar Pandey

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14542 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1031

Abstract

In this study, YCeO nanocomposites were efficaciously synthesized by the hydrothermal method in the company of sodium hydroxide as a reducing agent as well as cerium nitrate and yttrium nitrate as precursors. Synthesis temperature and pressure, during hydrothermal reactions, show a critical role [...] Read more.

In this study, YCeO nanocomposites were efficaciously synthesized by the hydrothermal method in the company of sodium hydroxide as a reducing agent as well as cerium nitrate and yttrium nitrate as precursors. Synthesis temperature and pressure, during hydrothermal reactions, show a critical role in governing the shape, size, oxygen vacancy attentiveness, and low-temperature reducibility in CeO₂-based nanocomposites. The lattice constants of the yttrium ceria nanocomposite also are contingent upon the attentiveness of hydroxide ions which primes better morphology at low temperature and pressure. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern of YCeO shows the cubic structure of space group Fm3m, having a density of 6.74 gm cm⁻³, volume of 157.81 × 10⁶ pm³, crystallite size of 18.66 nm, and lattice strain of 0.0041, and many more structural parameters were calculated. Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) studies show the granular structure and surface roughness. Surface porosity and specific surface area were observed by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), average nanoparticle size was analyzed by the analyzer, and optical properties were observed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Visible spectroscopy in which the presence of functional and carboxyl group were analysed by FTIR and absorption wavelength 256.58 nm and band gap 3.27 eV were analysed by UV-Visible spectroscopy, lastly thermal stability of this nanoparticle was analyzed by Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Formation of Nanostructured Functional Elements in TiO₂-PVTMS-Ag-La Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Applications

by Sohrab Nasiri and Giedrius Janusas

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14547 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 719

Abstract

The nanoparticles are composed of tens or hundreds of atoms or molecules with different sizes and morphologies (amorphous, crystalline, spherical, needle-shaped, etc.). Most commercially used nanoparticles are in the form of dry powder or liquid. Of course, nanoparticles combined in an organic or [...] Read more.

The nanoparticles are composed of tens or hundreds of atoms or molecules with different sizes and morphologies (amorphous, crystalline, spherical, needle-shaped, etc.). Most commercially used nanoparticles are in the form of dry powder or liquid. Of course, nanoparticles combined in an organic or aqueous solution in the form of a suspension or paste are also of interest. Photocatalysts are a group of catalysts that act when exposed to light. Photocatalysts are usually solid semiconductor oxides in which the absorption of photons creates electron-hole pairs that can react with molecules on the surface to produce active radicals. Nowadays, nanocomposites have attracted the attention of many researchers due to their special properties, their many technological applications, their unique absorption, photocatalysis, and antimicrobial properties, and their use in the elimination of bacteria. In this research, TiO₂-PVTMS-Ag-La nanocomposites with different stoichiometric proportions were synthesized as a disrupting agent and photocatalyst using the sol-gel method. The samples were calcined at a temperature of 700 °C, and then characterizations consisting of XRD were performed. The degradation and photocatalytic effect of TiO₂-PVTMS-Ag-La nanocomposites on methylene blue dye were studied. As a result, the nanocomposites TiO₂ (80 wt.%), PVTMS (7 wt.%), Ag (2 wt.%), and La (11 wt.%) showed degradation properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Development of Calcium Phosphate Cements for Bone Repair: An Overview Based on Patent Analysis

by Khalid Khairoun, Abdellah Laazizi and Ahmed Fatimi

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14472 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 1040

Abstract

The development of calcium phosphate cement (CaPC) has been regarded as a significant advance in the field of bone defect reconstruction. This patent analysis-based research concerns patent documents with an active legal status until 2022. The state of the art is reviewed by [...] Read more.

The development of calcium phosphate cement (CaPC) has been regarded as a significant advance in the field of bone defect reconstruction. This patent analysis-based research concerns patent documents with an active legal status until 2022. The state of the art is reviewed by introducing what has been patented concerning CaPCs for bone repair. As a result, 740 active patent documents were found, and 51% of them were published during the last 7 years. According to the findings, the United States ranked as the first jurisdiction, with academic institutions from France and the United States leading the patenting way. The Cooperative Patent Classification reveals that most inventions are intended for materials or treatments for tissue regeneration, such as the reconstruction of bones with weight-bearing implants, as well as inorganic materials for grafts or prostheses, such as phosphorus-containing materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cell

by Luigi Vesce, Maurizio Stefanelli and Aldo Di Carlo

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14539 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 1826

Abstract

In a short period, Perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology gained high efficiency and broad attention because of its key enabling physical and morphological features. One of the main obstacles to the PSC industrialization and commercialization deals with the demonstration of stable devices by [...] Read more.

In a short period, Perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology gained high efficiency and broad attention because of its key enabling physical and morphological features. One of the main obstacles to the PSC industrialization and commercialization deals with the demonstration of stable devices by adopting low-cost and reliable materials and fabrication methods. In the n-i-p structure, the organic hole-transporting layer and the metal counter-electrodes are the main causes of instability and high cost. Here, we substituted these two elements with a low-temperature and low-cost carbon-based counter electrode. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Novel Approach to the Preparation of Lead Chalcogenide Colloidal Quantum Dots and Properties Thereof

by Ivan A. Shuklov and Irina I. Soboleva

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14522 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 915

Abstract

In this work, we report the study of resizing of lead chalcogenide quantum dots, both PbS and PbSe, in the presence of the oleylamine/oleic acid mixture. We demonstrate that the resizing of lead chalcogenide nanocrystals could be performed in aprotic non-polar solvents. The [...] Read more.

In this work, we report the study of resizing of lead chalcogenide quantum dots, both PbS and PbSe, in the presence of the oleylamine/oleic acid mixture. We demonstrate that the resizing of lead chalcogenide nanocrystals could be performed in aprotic non-polar solvents. The kinetics of the shrinking could be followed by the measurement of absorption at 400 nm. The amount of a resizing reagent, namely the oleylamine/oleic acid mixture, influences the rate of reaction. This procedure could serve for the preparation of smaller lead chalcogenide quantum dots from a larger one. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Self-Assembling Nano- and Microparticles of Chitosan L- and D-Aspartate: Preparation, Structure, and Biological Activity

by Anna Shipovskaya, Xenia Shipenok, Tatiana Lugovitskaya and Tatiana Babicheva

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14492 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 924

Abstract

The paper considers the formative processes of chiral nano- and microparticles in solutions of D-aminoglucan chitosan (CS) in L- and D-aspartic acid (AspA) by means of the counterionic condensation of components and the stabilization of particles by a polysiloxane shell. The effect of [...] Read more.

The paper considers the formative processes of chiral nano- and microparticles in solutions of D-aminoglucan chitosan (CS) in L- and D-aspartic acid (AspA) by means of the counterionic condensation of components and the stabilization of particles by a polysiloxane shell. The effect of the L- and D-enantiomers of AspA on the structure, size, shape, and zeta potential of nano(micro)particles was studied using IR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and electron and optical microscopy. It was found that chiral particles of CS·L-AspA and CS·D-AspA are non-toxic, hemo- and biocompatible, and exhibit high growth-stimulating activity in the test plants, with the best effect observed for homochiral D-glucan–D-AspA particles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Preparation of Mesoporous Bicrystalline N-Doped TiO₂ Nanomaterials for Sustainable RhB Degradation under Sunlight

by Elias Assayehegn and Abraha Tadese Gidey

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14490 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 940

Abstract

N-doped titanium dioxide (N/TiO₂) nanomaterials were successfully prepared using titanium butoxide and guanidinium chloride using the simple sol-gel method. The significance of the annealing gas environment (air, argon, or nitrogen) on their physicochemical and photocatalytic degradation properties was investigated. Indeed, the [...] Read more.

N-doped titanium dioxide (N/TiO₂) nanomaterials were successfully prepared using titanium butoxide and guanidinium chloride using the simple sol-gel method. The significance of the annealing gas environment (air, argon, or nitrogen) on their physicochemical and photocatalytic degradation properties was investigated. Indeed, the gas type governed the crystal/phase nature from monophase anatase with a low crystallinity to dual-phase anatase/rutile with a higher crystallinity. Moreover, results revealed that the introduction of N in the TiO₂ matrix led to a red shift towards visible-light, narrowed the bandgap (2.35 eV), and suppressed recombination. Nobly, the N/TiO₂ prepared in air demonstrated the highest RhB degradation performance (99%) with the highest rate constant (0.0158 min⁻¹), which was twice faster than the undoped TiO₂. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Laser-Induced Graphene as Electrode Material in Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

by Tommaso Serra, Giulia Massaglia, Pietro Zaccagnini, Marco Fontana, Candido Fabrizio Pirri, Giancarlo Cicero, Stefano Bianco and Marzia Quaglio

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14520 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 1186

Abstract

The preparation of graphene foams via laser pyrolysis of polyimides has gained success due to its ease and speed of processing. Established applications of laser-induced graphene (LIG) involve micro-supercapacitors, batteries, sensors, and water treatment. However, to the best of our knowledge, only a [...] Read more.

The preparation of graphene foams via laser pyrolysis of polyimides has gained success due to its ease and speed of processing. Established applications of laser-induced graphene (LIG) involve micro-supercapacitors, batteries, sensors, and water treatment. However, to the best of our knowledge, only a few studies have focused on potential applications of LIG in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEM-FCs). In this study, we demonstrate that LIG obtained from SPEEK films (LIG-S) presents all the key features required of a PEM-FC electrode. Moreover, electrochemical tests in rotating disk and half-cell setups highlight the intrinsic catalytic activity of LIG towards the oxygen reduction reaction. This activity is attributed to structural defects in the LIG lattice and sulfur doping incorporated from the SPEEK precursor, and it may lower the catalyst loading required to reach competitive cell performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Characterizing Hydroxyapatite Deposited from Solution onto Novel Substrates in Terms of Growth Mechanism and Physical Chemical Properties

by Bríd Murphy, Jhonattan Baez and Mick A. Morris

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14491 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 877

Abstract

Bulk titanium and CoCr are the most common metals for use in orthopedic implants, but there are significant advantages in alternative substrates. Research in the last decade has focused on various alternatives; however, these materials are hindered by the adhesion of hydroxyapatite layers [...] Read more.

Bulk titanium and CoCr are the most common metals for use in orthopedic implants, but there are significant advantages in alternative substrates. Research in the last decade has focused on various alternatives; however, these materials are hindered by the adhesion of hydroxyapatite layers to non-bulk metal parts. Demonstrated in this work is the ability to grow hydroxyapatite on surfaces other than bulk metallic parts through the process and characterisation of coating properties. In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA) is grown from saturated solution onto thin titanium films and silicon substrates. Its efficacy is shown to be dependent on substrate roughness. The mechanism of the hydroxyapatite growth is investigated in terms of initial attachment and morphological development using SEM analysis. Characterisation of hydroxyapatite layers by XRD demonstrates how the hydroxyapatite forms from amorphous phases to preferential crystal growth along the [002] direction and TEM imagery confirms specific d-spacings. SEM-EDX and FTIR show adherence to known HA phases through elemental atomic weight percentages and bond assignment. All data are collated and reviewed through the lens of different substrates. The results suggest that once hydroxyapatite seeds, it grows identically regardless of substrate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Modeling the Dependence of the Heat Capacity of Metallic Thin Films on Temperature and Thickness

by Vladimir Syrovatko and Yuliya Syrovatko

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14508 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 1061

Abstract

This paper proposes a model for the dependence of heat capacity of thin metal films on the temperature and on the number of atomic layers in these films directly. Model representations are based on the principles of statistical physics for solids and concepts [...] Read more.

This paper proposes a model for the dependence of heat capacity of thin metal films on the temperature and on the number of atomic layers in these films directly. Model representations are based on the principles of statistical physics for solids and concepts of the distribution of principal quantum numbers in the system of oscillators distributed in solids at high temperatures, i.e., Bose–Einstein distribution. The calculations were performed based on the comparison of the Helmholtz free energy values for the various configurations of films and the number of layers in them. The main tool for the model implementation was the formation and further calculation of the partition function, being an expression of the distribution of principal quantum numbers in the complex system of a thin film. Calculations showed the existence of the optimal film thickness at which the maximum heat capacity was achieved. The calculations were performed based on a comparison of the values of the Helmholtz free energy for different film configurations and the number of layers in them. The main tool for implementing the model was the formation and further calculation of the partition function, which was an expression of the distribution of principal quantum numbers in the complex system of a thin film. The calculation results show the presence of a 15–20% increase in the heat capacity of thin films, corresponding to 400–600 atomic layers and the Dulong–Petit law, i.e., the comparison of exceeding heat capacity values with bulk objects for a certain temperature range. The heat capacity reaches the highest values in thin films of 30–50 atomic layers in thickness and exceeds the value of 3R by ~2.0 times. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Simulation of the Motion of Three Methane Molecules inside a Closed Carbon Nanotube

by Egor Tarasov and Maria Khilchuk

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14515 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 758

Abstract

In this paper, the authors present the results of modeling the movement of three methane molecules into a closed carbon nanotube. The main approach in this work is to model the interaction between methane molecules and the structure of a nanocapsule, which is [...] Read more.

In this paper, the authors present the results of modeling the movement of three methane molecules into a closed carbon nanotube. The main approach in this work is to model the interaction between methane molecules and the structure of a nanocapsule, which is a single-walled closed carbon nanotube. Descriptively, the interaction is represented using molecular dynamics approaches and the Lennard-Jones potential. Methane molecules in this model are material points corresponding to the centers of mass of the molecules. To solve the resulting equations of motion of molecules inside the nanotube, the classical Runge–Kutta method is used. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Thermal Kinetics of Gold Nanosphere under a Burst of Femtosecond Laser

by Selma Mediene and Assia Rachida Senoudi

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14511 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 767

Abstract

The thermal dynamics of a spherical gold nanoparticle under a femtosecond laser burst irradiation at 550 nm wavelength, 100-fs pulse duration, and F = 1 J/m² laser fluence are investigated numerically. A unique spherical gold nanoparticle immersed in water is heated by [...] Read more.

The thermal dynamics of a spherical gold nanoparticle under a femtosecond laser burst irradiation at 550 nm wavelength, 100-fs pulse duration, and F = 1 J/m² laser fluence are investigated numerically. A unique spherical gold nanoparticle immersed in water is heated by a single pulse laser and then after by a number of sub-pulses. The two-temperature model is used to describe the energy-exchange dynamics of the gold nanoparticle, in addition to Fourier’s law and to the relationship between the thermal conductivity of the water and the temperature. Our results show that the irradiation of a gold nanoparticle by a femtosecond laser burst, with a separation time between sub-pulses less than the thermal relaxation time, leads to a fast heat accumulation which enhances the temperatures of the electron, the phonon, and the water near the gold nanoparticle’s surface. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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352 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

An Overview on Management of Psoriasis Using Calcipotriene and Its Amalgamation as Nano Based Drug Delivery System

by Aayushi Tatiya, Javesh Patil, Tejasweeni Girase, Mamta Patil and Kiran Patel

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14504 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 1568

Abstract

A skin ailment known as psoriasis, which affects 2–5% of people worldwide, is characterised by excessive keratinocyte proliferation and abnormal differentiation. Calcipotriene, a synthetic vitamin D analogue, is the first-line treatment for psoriasis. It may be used in combination with methotrexate, tazarotene, acitretin, [...] Read more.

A skin ailment known as psoriasis, which affects 2–5% of people worldwide, is characterised by excessive keratinocyte proliferation and abnormal differentiation. Calcipotriene, a synthetic vitamin D analogue, is the first-line treatment for psoriasis. It may be used in combination with methotrexate, tazarotene, acitretin, cyclosporine, and corticosteroids. It reduces the number of T cells and regulates the inflammatory response in psoriatic lesions. However, the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy based on conventional formulations for treating patients is only partially favourable. Recent developments in nanotechnology-based nanomedicines may allow us to improve the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapeutic treatments for psoriasis. Enhancing therapeutic efficacy while lowering toxicity through overall dose reduction are two spectacular effects of using nanomedicine as a medication carrier. This novel method efficiently ensures the site-specific administration of medications throughout the skin to treat psoriatic lesions. The present manuscript aims to discuss the chemistry and pharmacology of calcipotriene, conventional pharmacotherapy and contemporary research on calcipotriene, and the combinations of it that are used as nanomedicines for the better management of psoriasis. This review primarily focuses on the nanoemulsion loaded gel of calcipotriene and clobitasol propionate as it offers high drug loading and retention in the skin, improving the local concentration of both drugs and reducing their systemic side effects. Calcipotriene and methotrexate combined in a nanostructured lipid carrier are also the most recent generation of solid lipid nanoparticles, with better drug loading, controlled release, and enhanced bioavailability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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361 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Surging Function of Nanotechnology in the Management of Primary Biliary Cholangitis with Obeticholic Acid

by Devyani Patil, Javesh Patil, Mamta Patil, Tejasweeni Girase and Kiran Patel

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14506 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 1128

Abstract

Obeticholic acid (OCA), also known as 6alpha-ethyl-3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5-cholon-24-oic acid, is a semi-synthetic derivative of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA, 3alpha,7alpha, dihydroxy-5-cholon-24-oic acid), a primary bile acid that is produced in the liver from cholesterol and is comparatively hydrophobic. OCA, a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, is [...] Read more.

Obeticholic acid (OCA), also known as 6alpha-ethyl-3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5-cholon-24-oic acid, is a semi-synthetic derivative of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA, 3alpha,7alpha, dihydroxy-5-cholon-24-oic acid), a primary bile acid that is produced in the liver from cholesterol and is comparatively hydrophobic. OCA, a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, is crucial for the enterohepatic movement of bile acid. OCA has significantly improved biochemical outcomes in preliminary tests in individuals with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). PBC is an autoimmune disease of the liver characterised by cirrhosis, cholestasis, fibrosis, and destruction and inflammation of the intrahepatic bile ducts; the autoimmune reaction is mostly responsible for this. In order to reduce inflammation, OCA targets the physiological and immunological functions of PBC. Drugs are used in immunological therapy, targeting specific cytokines and chemokines associated with inflammation, as well as immunological molecules involved in B cell and T cell responses. We concentrate on numerous nanotechnology therapeutic modalities for liver illness in this review. Nanomedicine provides a novel strategy that focuses on tolerance induction rather than immunosuppression, offering significant promise for the treatment of autoimmune illnesses. Immune-modifying drugs can be incorporated into tolerogenic nanoparticles to safely and effectively target the antigen-specific immune response in autoimmune disorders. Given the anatomical characteristics and immunological uniqueness of PBC, these may be particularly effective. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Study of Phosphine Tellurides as Precursors in the Synthesis of HgTe CQDs for IR Applications

by Alaa Alddin Mardini, Ivan Alekseevich Shuklov and Vladimir Fedorovich Razumov

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14512 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 1369

Abstract

Here, we report the study of several phosphine tellurides in the preparation of HgTe CQDs. The efficient synthesis and characterization of HgTe CQDs were developed for the first time by applying Tris(dimethylamino)phosphine telluride in THF (TDMAPTe/THF) and mercury chloride (HgCl₂) precursors. [...] Read more.

Here, we report the study of several phosphine tellurides in the preparation of HgTe CQDs. The efficient synthesis and characterization of HgTe CQDs were developed for the first time by applying Tris(dimethylamino)phosphine telluride in THF (TDMAPTe/THF) and mercury chloride (HgCl₂) precursors. The preparation was conducted through an organometallic hot-injection route. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), SAED analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopy were employed in the characterization of obtained nanocrystals. The comparison between TDMAPTe/THF and TOPTe precursors revealed that the former had a higher chemical reactivity. The band edge peak of the nanocrystals prepared using TDMAPTe/THF was at 1297 nm after a reaction time of 15 min with narrow size distribution (FWHM~214 nm). The first absorption peak red-shifted to ~1336 nm after 60 min and no significant red-shift was observed far ahead. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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8289 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Fluorescence Enhancement Dependence on Refractive Index Variation in a Nanostructured Plasmonic Surface

by Francesco Floris, Margherita Angelini, Eliana Manobianco, Paola Pellacani and Franco Marabelli

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14529 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 747

Abstract

Nanostructured plasmonic surfaces have been the subject of many biosensing applications exploiting surface-enhanced fluorescence in the last few years. For this reason, we investigated the refractive index dependence of the coupling mechanism between the plasmonic modes and the fluorescence processes. The results show [...] Read more.

Nanostructured plasmonic surfaces have been the subject of many biosensing applications exploiting surface-enhanced fluorescence in the last few years. For this reason, we investigated the refractive index dependence of the coupling mechanism between the plasmonic modes and the fluorescence processes. The results show that the fluorescence emission spectral shape is controlled by the plasmonic field distribution, together with the enhancement of its signal. By altering the refractive index at the plasmonic active surface, the resonance conditions of the plasmonic modes change, resulting in a reshaping of fluorescence emission and a different spectral distribution of the largest enhancement regions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Plasmonic Nanostructure Functionalization for Surface-Enhanced Fluorescence Bio-Detection

by Francesco Floris, Eliana Manobianco, Valentina Tolardo, Paola Pellacani, Laura Lopez-Sanchez and Franco Marabelli

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14524 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 999

Abstract

Plasmonic nanostructures represent a suitable platform for the detection of biomolecule interactions. Their surface functionalization can be performed through different strategies. Optimal thickness, homogeneity, and hydrophilicity of the functional layer can play a crucial role in defining the sensing capabilities required to perform [...] Read more.

Plasmonic nanostructures represent a suitable platform for the detection of biomolecule interactions. Their surface functionalization can be performed through different strategies. Optimal thickness, homogeneity, and hydrophilicity of the functional layer can play a crucial role in defining the sensing capabilities required to perform bioassays. In this framework, a combination of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and a commercial polymer (MCP) was evaluated to improve these features. In our more recent studies, we focused on plasmon-enhanced fluorescence for the detection of a microbial-derived synthetic oligonucleotide. An effective improvement of the fluorescence signal was detected for the combined TEOS and MCP coating. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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1826 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Biosynthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles by the Aqueous Extract of Juglans regia Green Husk

by Zahra Heydari and Parinaz Ghadam

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14482 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 1232

Abstract

A straightforward, non-toxic, economical, and environmentally safe method for nanoparticle (NP) synthesis is NP biosynthesis. An aqueous extract of the green husk of Juglans regia (J. regia) was used to produce titanium dioxide NPs (TiO₂ NPs) in this study. The [...] Read more.

A straightforward, non-toxic, economical, and environmentally safe method for nanoparticle (NP) synthesis is NP biosynthesis. An aqueous extract of the green husk of Juglans regia (J. regia) was used to produce titanium dioxide NPs (TiO₂ NPs) in this study. The green husk of walnuts is an agricultural waste that may contain valuable compounds. Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential of this inexpensive natural material as a source of phenolic compounds with antiradical and antimicrobial properties. The NPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, FT–IR spectroscopy, DLS, and FE-SEM. The UV–Vis spectrum displayed a significant peak at 334 nm. The as-fabricated TiO₂ NPs had two distinct phases that ranged in size from 19 to 23 nm on average. FT-IR analysis revealed the Ti-O bond. FE-SEM and EDX were used to characterize the spherical surface morphology and the Ti and O elemental configuration of the NPs, respectively. TiO₂ NPs are viewed as incredibly important nanomaterials as a result of their security, high strength, and photocatalytic properties. Accordingly, TiO₂ NPs are valuable in beauty-care products, substance detection, wastewater treatment, antimicrobial applications, hydrogen creation, and lithium-ion batteries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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1408 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Polycaprolactone/Chitosan Composite Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Periodontal Tissue Engineering

by Mafalda S. Santos, Rachel Cordeiro, Carla S. Moura, Cláudia L. da Silva, Frederico Castelo Ferreira, João C. Silva and Marta S. Carvalho

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14495 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 972

Abstract

Periodontitis is an inflammatory infection caused by bacterial plaque accumulation that affects the periodontal tissues supporting the teeth. Current treatments lack bioactive signals to induce tissue repair and coordinated regeneration of all the periodontal tissues; thus, alternative strategies are needed to improve clinical [...] Read more.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory infection caused by bacterial plaque accumulation that affects the periodontal tissues supporting the teeth. Current treatments lack bioactive signals to induce tissue repair and coordinated regeneration of all the periodontal tissues; thus, alternative strategies are needed to improve clinical outcomes. Cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) has been used in combination with biomaterials to enhance their biofunctionality for tissue engineering (TE) applications. In this work, bioactive cell-derived ECM-loaded electrospun polycaprolactone/chitosan (PCL-CTS) nanofibrous scaffolds were developed using lyophilized decellularized ECM (dECM) derived from human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (PDLSCs). This work’s aims were to fabricate and characterize cell-derived ECM electrospun PCL-CTS scaffolds and to evaluate their capacity to enhance the proliferation of seeded PDLSCs, envisaging future periodontal TE applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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1103 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

An Overview of the Applications of Gemfibrozil Nano-Formulation in Hyperlipidemia

by Kiran Patel, Javesh Patil, Tejasweeni Girase, Aayushi Tatiya and Devyani Patil

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14507 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2007

Abstract

Gemfibrozil is a benzene derivative of valeric acid that belongs to the class of medications known as fibrates. Its chemical name is 5-(2,5 dimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid. It is the treatment of choice in clinical settings for hyperlipidemia (type III) and hypertriglyceridemia (type IV), and [...] Read more.

Gemfibrozil is a benzene derivative of valeric acid that belongs to the class of medications known as fibrates. Its chemical name is 5-(2,5 dimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid. It is the treatment of choice in clinical settings for hyperlipidemia (type III) and hypertriglyceridemia (type IV), and it has been shown to reduce serum triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), acting primarily on the PPARα isoform. Gemfibrozil’s effective absorption and bioavailability after oral administration are constrained by its small molecule size, poor water solubility (0.01 mg/mL), and slow rate of digestion. These factors are caused by the drug’s physicochemical characteristics. Gemfibrozil’s solubility may be increased by creating nano-specific drug delivery methods, such as nanocrystals, nanosuspensions, or lipid-based formulations. In literature, the lipid-based drug delivery system has received substantial coverage for improving drug solubility, permeability, and bioavailability. Self-nano-emulsified delivery systems (SNEDDS), for example, are lipid-based formulations that are supposed to improve lipophilic drug absorption. When gently stirred, SNEDDS, which are isotropic solutions of oil, surfactant, co-surfactant, and medicine, produce an oil-in-water emulsion in an aqueous environment. This review will demonstrate the techniques used to increase the solubility and bioavailability of gemfibrozil. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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1411 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

pMyc and pMax Peptides Nanosystems and the Potential Treatment of Prostate Cancer, In Vitro Assays

by Samuel Longoria-García, Celia N. Sánchez-Domínguez, Margarita Sánchez-Domínguez, Jesús R. Delgado-Balderas and Hugo L. Gallardo-Blanco

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14501 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1142

Abstract

The Myc transcription factor and its associated Max protein have essential roles in the development of several types of cancers, including prostate cancer. They dimerize into a Myc–Max heterodimer and bind to DNA sequences known as enhancer boxes (E-box). Therefore, disrupting the binding [...] Read more.

The Myc transcription factor and its associated Max protein have essential roles in the development of several types of cancers, including prostate cancer. They dimerize into a Myc–Max heterodimer and bind to DNA sequences known as enhancer boxes (E-box). Therefore, disrupting the binding of these E-boxes to derange transcription is a promising strategy for treating cancer. Using computational biology tools, we designed pMyc and pMax peptides from Myc and Max reference sequences and evaluated their ability to bind to E-boxes through an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). We then coupled them to AuNPs and evaluated their hemocompatibility and cytotoxic effects in three different prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines and a non-cancerous cell line The EMSA results suggested that the pMyc–pMax dimers bound to CMEs. The hemolysis test showed little hemolytic activity for the nanosystems (NS) at the three concentrations evaluated. The cell viability assays showed mixed results, depending on which cell line was being evaluated. Overall, the results suggest that NS with pMyc and pMax peptides might be suitable for further research regarding Myc-driven prostate adenocarcinomas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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461 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Chemical and Physical State of Catalysts in the Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes inside Metallocene-Filled Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

by Marianna V. Kharlamova

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14488 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 762

Abstract

In this study, the state of catalysts is revealed during the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) inside metallocene-filled SWCNTs. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to study the kinetics of nanotube growth. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were [...] Read more.

In this study, the state of catalysts is revealed during the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) inside metallocene-filled SWCNTs. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to study the kinetics of nanotube growth. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to study the chemical state of catalysts inside carbon nanotubes. The catalyst was present in carbidic form at the beginning of nanotube growth, and was present in a metallic state over the continuation of the growth process. The growth process was characterized by two growth rates, α and β, and two activation energies, E_α and E_β. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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1154 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Recent Trends in Incorporating Graphene Coated Sand in Self-Sensing Cementitious Composites

by Darsheelaa G. K. Gokhale and A. B. M. Amrul Kaish

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14544 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 1339

Abstract

Self-sensing cementitious composites include the use of conductive materials which have important capabilities in monitoring structural health. Graphene has been widely used to modify cementitious composites to get self-sensing properties due to its unique electrical properties along with its exceptional specific surface area, [...] Read more.

Self-sensing cementitious composites include the use of conductive materials which have important capabilities in monitoring structural health. Graphene has been widely used to modify cementitious composites to get self-sensing properties due to its unique electrical properties along with its exceptional specific surface area, high aspect ratio, and high strength and modulus. The development of a cost-effective graphene-based cement material with uniform dispersion of graphene in the cement matrix remains challenging. Graphene aggregation in the cement matrix is considered as a ‘defect’, undermining the reinforcing effect of graphene and potentially affecting the performance of cementitious composites. Rather than employing the traditional approach of directly incorporating graphene into the cement matrix in the development of smart sensing composites, researchers have used a more efficient approach via nano-surface engineering of the sand. This paper reviews the current state of research on graphene-coated sand, particularly the progress made in the recent years. The purpose of this review is to summarize the results of those recent experiments. When graphene-coated sand is added to the cementitious mix, the nano- and microscale properties of graphene–sand-incorporated cementitious composite are enhanced significantly, especially in terms of the fresh, piezoresistive, and mechanical properties and microstructures. However, more research is needed on graphene-coated sand-incorporated cementitious composite because it may provide a better reinforcement while also lowering the cost. Therefore, this review can encourage future researchers and civil engineers to develop functional graphene-based concrete for the next generation of smart infrastructure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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1336 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

BiVO₄-Based Magnetic Heterostructures as Photocatalysts for Degradation of Antibiotics in Water

by Ana C. Estrada, Filipa Pinto, Cláudia B. Lopes and Tito Trindade

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14532 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 843

Abstract

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO₄) has been investigated as a photocatalyst of great interest due to its ability to harvest photons efficiently in the visible spectral region. In addition, powdered BiVO₄ shows high photochemical stability, good dispersibility, and resistance to corrosion in [...] Read more.

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO₄) has been investigated as a photocatalyst of great interest due to its ability to harvest photons efficiently in the visible spectral region. In addition, powdered BiVO₄ shows high photochemical stability, good dispersibility, and resistance to corrosion in oxidative conditions. Herein, we report the synthesis of monoclinic or tetragonal BiVO₄ particles using different methods, as well as the synthesis of hybrids materials through the combination of cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) and BiVO₄, and their application in the photodegradation of aqueous solutions of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) under simulated solar radiation. We demonstrate that high-crystallinity single-phase monoclinic BiVO₄ was synthesized fast and efficiently using a solid-state method and, in combination with magnetic CoFe₂O₄ particles, gives rise to a hybrid material that can be easily separated from the reaction medium, by applying an external magnetic field, without the need for further downstream treatments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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985 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Metal/Metal Carbide Catalyst of Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: New Examples of Filling Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

by Marianna V. Kharlamova

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14489 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 822

Abstract

In this work, I filled single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with nickelocene and cobaltocene molecules. I investigated the inner growth of carbon nanotubes on metallic and metal carbide catalysts. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy proved the metallic/metal carbide state of [...] Read more.

In this work, I filled single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with nickelocene and cobaltocene molecules. I investigated the inner growth of carbon nanotubes on metallic and metal carbide catalysts. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy proved the metallic/metal carbide state of the catalysts, as well as the formation of inner SWCNTs. This is needed for applications of SWCNTs in buildings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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1359 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

PCL Nanomodified Coating for the Protection of Thermochromic Prints on Packaging

by Marina Vukoje, Ivana Krajnović, Rahela Kulčar, Tomislav Cigula, Katarina Itrić Ivanda and Sonja Jamnicki Hanzer

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14497 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 825

Abstract

In the graphic industry, thermochromic inks are used primarily in the development of “smart” packaging for different applications, such as indicators of the product’s current temperature or an out-of-boundary temperature reading. During storage and transportations of products, as well as during their use, [...] Read more.

In the graphic industry, thermochromic inks are used primarily in the development of “smart” packaging for different applications, such as indicators of the product’s current temperature or an out-of-boundary temperature reading. During storage and transportations of products, as well as during their use, the packaging may come into contact with various chemicals, which may bring into question the chemical stability and therefore the functionality of thermochromic sensor. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of a coating made of the polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer, and a PCL coating with the addition of zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, on the chemical stability and colorimetric properties of thermochromic print. For this purpose, full-tone prints of thermochromic ink were made on the printing substrate, appropriate coatings were applied to them, and the resulting samples were tested for chemical stability to water, soap, and ethanol according to ISO 2836:2021 standard. The results show that the coatings have no significant negative impact on the colorimetric values of the prints compared to uncoated prints, and the chemical stability of the thermochromic prints is significantly improved in the case of exposure to ethanol, especially a strong, 96% ethanol solution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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2645 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Influence of Surface Charge on Biological Behaviour of Gold Nanoparticles in Human SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cells

by Vanessa Valdiglesias, Mónica Paz, Assia Touzani, Sandra Baúlde, Jesús Mosquera, Alejandro Criado, Eduardo Pásaro, Josefina Méndez, Blanca Laffon and Natalia Fernández-Bertólez

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14516 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 999

Abstract

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are one of the most remarkable nanomaterials. Due to their small size, these NPs can cross the blood–brain barrier making them good candidates for the treatment of diseases related to the central nervous system. The main objective of the present [...] Read more.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are one of the most remarkable nanomaterials. Due to their small size, these NPs can cross the blood–brain barrier making them good candidates for the treatment of diseases related to the central nervous system. The main objective of the present work was to evaluate the influence of surface charge on the biological behaviour of AuNPs by assessing the cytotoxic—viability and morphological alterations—and genotoxic—double strand breaks—effects induced in neuronal cells exposed to AuNPs with different charges: cationic, anionic, and neutral. Different toxicological behaviours were obtained depending on the surface charge of the NPs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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2827 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Nanostructured Layer Based on Intrinsically Conductive Polymers for Optimising Carbon Electrodes’ Surface: Electrospray and Ultrasonic Spray Coating

by Giacomo Spisni, Giulia Massaglia, Candido F. Pirri, Stefano Bianco and Marzia Quaglio

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14510 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 837

Abstract

In this work, we focused on Electrospray (ES) and Ultrasonic Spray Coating (USC) as two promising and innovative fabrication techniques for the optimisation of carbon electrode surfaces to be employed in Bio-Electrochemical Systems. We performed, on commercial carbon paper electrodes, controlled depositions of [...] Read more.

In this work, we focused on Electrospray (ES) and Ultrasonic Spray Coating (USC) as two promising and innovative fabrication techniques for the optimisation of carbon electrode surfaces to be employed in Bio-Electrochemical Systems. We performed, on commercial carbon paper electrodes, controlled depositions of a nanostructured layer containing PEO and PEDOT:PSS. We then employed electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy to characterise the morphology and superficial uniformity of the so-obtained electrodes. Together with electrochemical characterisations and experiments in bio-electrochemical devices, we demonstrated how ES and USC represent promising techniques for the optimisation of carbon electrodes’ surfaces, obtained with the deposition of a conductive nanostructured layer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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8 pages, 1246 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Current Density-Voltage (J-V) Characterization of Monolithic Nanolaminate Capacitors

by Zeinab Mousavi Karimi and Jeffrey A. Davis

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14590 - 12 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1397

Abstract

In a world of miniaturized electronics, there is a rapidly increasing need for reliable, efficient, and compact energy storage systems with low-loss dielectrics. To address this need, this work proposes the development of compact, micro-capacitive energy storage devices compatible with IC processing so [...] Read more.

In a world of miniaturized electronics, there is a rapidly increasing need for reliable, efficient, and compact energy storage systems with low-loss dielectrics. To address this need, this work proposes the development of compact, micro-capacitive energy storage devices compatible with IC processing so that they can be integrated monolithically on-chip. There are two main approaches to the fabrication of integrated on-chip micro-supercapacitor energy storage devices: interdigitated electrode (IDE) devices and parallel plate electrode (PPE) devices. As part of the design of such systems, this study aims to investigate the behavior of current density-voltage (J-V) in homogeneous and heterogeneous IDE and PPE devices to determine whether the anomalies between the interfaces of dielectric materials in such structures affect their leakage current. The ultimate goal is to design a solid-state capacitor energy storage module with low-loss dielectrics, high energy densities, and improved areal capacitance density that can offer a high number of charge/discharge cycles for portable power electronics. An understanding of J-V characteristics is crucial in achieving this objective. Specifically, this paper will explore and investigate nanolaminate, solid-state PPE, and IDE capacitive energy storage “modules” fabricated using nanolithographic techniques. The dielectric layers in these structures are composed of alternating nanolaminate layers of thin higher-k Al

_{2}

O

_{3}

and lower-k SiO

_{2}

. Recent findings have shown that capacitive energy storage devices made from a large number of these on-chip multilayer nanolaminate energy storage PPE (MNES-PPE) structures that utilize the interfacial anomalies of thin high-k/SiO

_{2}

nanolaminates could have the potential to overcome many of the limitations of current compact energy storage technologies. Preliminary projections indicate that these high-density nanolaminate capacitors with laminate thicknesses around 5 nm could produce devices with high volumetric energy densities (

\sim 290

J/cm

^{3}

) that are significantly higher than conventional supercapacitors (

\sim 20

J/cm

^{3}

). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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1709 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Electrospun Nanofibers for Optimized Fiber-Shaped Wearable Sensors

by Giulia Massaglia and Marzia Quaglio

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14533 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 776

Abstract

This work discusses the design of highly stretchable, piezoresistive, flexible sensors obtained by electrospun nanofibers collected on rotating flexible wires. The resulting nanostructured sensors have a fiber-shape due to the inner plastic core being in intimate contact with the nanofibers forming the outer [...] Read more.

This work discusses the design of highly stretchable, piezoresistive, flexible sensors obtained by electrospun nanofibers collected on rotating flexible wires. The resulting nanostructured sensors have a fiber-shape due to the inner plastic core being in intimate contact with the nanofibers forming the outer shell. The final fiber-shape thus facilitates the integration of the sensor into soft electronic platforms. Composite nanofibers, made of polyethylene oxide and multiwall carbon nanotubes, were selected as the sensitive material that is able to combine an effective response to mechanical deformation with compatibility in contact with the human body. Two flexible wire collectors were selected: a plastic wire and a plastic hollow wire. We demonstrate that the collectors induce a partially ordered distribution of NFs with good percolation behavior. Piezoresistive characterization confirmed the increase in the nanofibers’ electrical resistance with increasing applied pressure. The dimensionless sensitivity |∆R/R0| was calculated and plotted as a function of the applied pressure, demonstrating the good behavior of the new fiber-shaped pressure sensors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Biopolymer–Lipid Hybrid Cubosome for Delivery of Acemannan

by Rafael R. M. Madrid, Patrick D. Mathews, Barbara V. Pimenta and Omar Mertins

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14486 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1068

Abstract

In recent decades, the pharmaceutical industry has shown great interest in new products for drug delivery, since studies with drug nanocarriers have evidenced the application potential of these systems. A relatively new strategy for nano-drug delivery is the use of cubosome, which is [...] Read more.

In recent decades, the pharmaceutical industry has shown great interest in new products for drug delivery, since studies with drug nanocarriers have evidenced the application potential of these systems. A relatively new strategy for nano-drug delivery is the use of cubosome, which is a nanoparticle with crystalline structure formed by a lipid bilayer created, for instance, with monoolein lipid and Pluronic F127 as a stabilizer. In our studies, we develop a cubosome containing biopolymer shell for the delivery of acemannan as a bioactive extracted from aloe vera, which has immunomodulation properties. The cubosome was produced by using monoolein and Pluronic F127 and adding aqueous solutions of chitosan-N-arginine, alginate and acemannan. The nanoparticles were studied by means of dynamic light scattering, zeta potential and isothermal titration calorimetry to evaluate the thermodynamic interaction of the hybrid cubosomes with liposomes produced with POPG as a model cell membrane in various pH conditions. The encapsulation percentage and delivery profiles of acemannan were further accessed through spectrophotometry. The encapsulation of acemannan was highly effective and delivery was attenuated and sustained, further suggesting the potential of the hybrid cubosome as a bioactive delivery system. The interaction of the hybrid cubosome with liposomes, unveiled by thermodynamic results, was favored in two different pH values (2.5 and 7.4), evidencing that the binding of the hybrid cubosomes with the model membrane presents different physicochemical characteristics depending on pH, which play a role in the enthalpic and entropic contributions during the interaction. Overall, the results indicate the potential of the hybrid cubosomes for oral administration of acemannan. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Nanotechnology-Based Strategies for Hair Follicle Regeneration in Androgenetic Alopecia

by Zubair Saghir Ahmed Shaikh, Bilal Ahmed Alim Patel, Sulbha G. Patil and Ab Raheem Saeed Maniyar

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14546 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5007

Abstract

A frequent type of hair loss that affects both men and women, androgenetic alopecia is indicated by the gradual miniaturization of hair follicles, which results in thinner and shorter hair growth cycles. Despite the availability of various treatment options, a definitive cure for [...] Read more.

A frequent type of hair loss that affects both men and women, androgenetic alopecia is indicated by the gradual miniaturization of hair follicles, which results in thinner and shorter hair growth cycles. Despite the availability of various treatment options, a definitive cure for androgenetic alopecia is yet to be found. Nanotechnology has recently become recognized as a promising strategy for treating androgenetic alopecia. This review comprehensively analyzes the present situation and potential nanotechnology applications in managing androgenetic alopecia. The present study highlights various nanomaterials, including nanoparticles, liposomes, and dendrimers, and their potential for the delivery of drugs and growth factors to hair follicles. The possibility of nanomaterials enhancing the bioavailability and efficacy of existing treatments for androgenetic alopecia, such as minoxidil and finasteride, is also reviewed. Additionally, the study discusses the potential of nanotechnology in developing new therapeutic strategies, including gene therapy and tissue engineering approaches for hair follicle regeneration. Furthermore, the challenges associated with the clinical translation of a nanotechnology-based approach to androgenetic alopecia include the need for targeted delivery systems and long-term safety studies. In conclusion, nanotechnology holds great promise for developing effective and safe treatments for androgenetic alopecia. The targeted delivery and improved efficacy of existing drugs and the development of new therapeutic approaches using nanotechnology offer new possibilities for treating androgenetic alopecia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Production of Low-Cost Nano-Functionalized Bacterial Cellulose Films for Smart/Intelligent Packaging

by Pritam Kumar Dikshit

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14485 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1191

Abstract

Petroleum-derived polymers, such as polyethylene and polypropylene, are commonly used in food packing industries knowing the fact that these polymers cause serious threats to the ecosystem. Therefore, the development of low-cost, environmentally friendly, and biodegradable polymers to address this issue is an urgent [...] Read more.

Petroleum-derived polymers, such as polyethylene and polypropylene, are commonly used in food packing industries knowing the fact that these polymers cause serious threats to the ecosystem. Therefore, the development of low-cost, environmentally friendly, and biodegradable polymers to address this issue is an urgent need of the hour. Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), with its extraordinary and differentiated properties, is gaining special attention in the food packaging industry. To reduce the cost, several low-cost substrates are utilized for the production of BNC. Therefore, the present study is focused on the production of low-cost BNC and its subsequent functionalization for smart packaging applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Tuning the Electronic Properties of Janus GeSnS2 Monolayers through Strain and Electric Field

by Jawad El hamdaoui, Laura M. Pérez and El Mustapha Feddi

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14483 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 989

Abstract

This study investigates the electronic properties of a single layer of the novel Janus material GeSnS2 using density functional theory. By utilizing the hybrid functional HSE06 in addition to the standard PBE approximation, the study aims to obtain accurate findings about how changes [...] Read more.

This study investigates the electronic properties of a single layer of the novel Janus material GeSnS2 using density functional theory. By utilizing the hybrid functional HSE06 in addition to the standard PBE approximation, the study aims to obtain accurate findings about how changes in strain and electric field affect the material’s electronic properties. The results of the study reveal that the bandgap energy of the GeSnS2 monolayer is 2.15 eV and that it exhibits an indirect bandgap behavior. The study also shows that by applying strain or an electric field, the bandgap of the material can be changed, which has significant implications for the material’s potential applications. The study found that when strain is applied, the bandgap changes significantly. Furthermore, the study discovered that the electric field has a slight effect on changing the bandgap of GeSnS2 monolayer when the electric field is changed from 0 to 8 V/nm, and a band shift occurs under certain conditions. The study provides valuable insight into the potential of GeSnS2 and opens the door for further research in this field. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Ultraviolet (UV) Spectrophotometric Analysis of Ketoprofen in Tablets–Statistical Validation of Proposed Method

by Cristian-Catalin Gavat

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14442 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 3302

Abstract

The aim of this paper was to exactly quantify the amount of pure ketoprofen within a pharmaceutical by a newly developed ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric method. The maximum absorption wavelength was determined to be λ = 254 nm for a ketoprofen alcoholic standard solution [...] Read more.

The aim of this paper was to exactly quantify the amount of pure ketoprofen within a pharmaceutical by a newly developed ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric method. The maximum absorption wavelength was determined to be λ = 254 nm for a ketoprofen alcoholic standard solution of 1.4 µg/mL. The applied method was statistically validated. The amount of pure ketoprofen assigned on the pharmaceutical tablet was found to be 146.326 mg ketoprofen/tablet. This obtained value was very close to the official declared content of active substance (150 mg pure ketoprofen/tablet), with an average percentage deviation of 2.45%—below the maximum value (±5%). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Nanoparticles: A Novel Antifungal Drug Delivery System

by Ravindra Mali and Javesh Patil

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14513 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2868

Abstract

Innovative drug delivery systems show how pharmaceuticals are administered to the site of action in order to produce the therapeutic effect. Fungal infections are a problem today on a global scale. There is no medical cover-up in the world regarding the significance of [...] Read more.

Innovative drug delivery systems show how pharmaceuticals are administered to the site of action in order to produce the therapeutic effect. Fungal infections are a problem today on a global scale. There is no medical cover-up in the world regarding the significance of fungi as a human pathogen. According to recent developments, the accurate diagnosis and treatment of these infections are crucial and required. Numerous factors influence the development of modern pharmaceutical products and their methods of administration. For the development of a successful novel antifungal drug delivery system, it is essential to thoroughly investigate the relationships between the formulations, the mode of administration, pharmacological properties, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, stability, efficacy, safety, and clinical indications. This review article discusses various types of nano techniques used in the delivery of antifungal drugs, including dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, and nanoparticles based on phospholipids (nano-vesicles). Due to their unique properties, nanoparticles can exert more inhibitory power through lower concentrations than conventional dosages when used in the treatment of fungal infections. Reduced drug efficacy, limited penetration through tissue, poor aqueous solubility, decreased bioavailability, and poor drug pharmacokinetics are among the drawbacks to using antifungal medications in delivery systems. Therefore, the incorporation of antifungal medications through the nanoparticles’ drug delivery systems can reduce these undesirable properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Significance of Ziprasidone Nanoparticles in Psychotic Disorders

by Mamta Patil, Javesh Patil, Devyani Patil, Kiran Patel and Aayushi Tatiya

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14503 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1659

Abstract

Nanotechnology is used today in a wide range of industries. Weakly water-soluble medications have better solubility and bioavailability when delivered by nano-specific drug delivery methods, such as nanocrystals. Another name for ziprasidone is 5-[2-[4-(1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, and it is a brand-new “atypical” or “second-generation” antipsychotic [...] Read more.

Nanotechnology is used today in a wide range of industries. Weakly water-soluble medications have better solubility and bioavailability when delivered by nano-specific drug delivery methods, such as nanocrystals. Another name for ziprasidone is 5-[2-[4-(1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, and it is a brand-new “atypical” or “second-generation” antipsychotic drug. Its multipotent G-protein-coupled (GPCR) receptor binding profile is distinctive. It is used to treat bipolar-disorder-related acute manic or mixed episodes as well as schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a serious mental condition in which a person can experience reality in a strange or different way. Ziprasidone is a highly lipophilic and unstable drug. Ziprasidone nanoparticles, another incarnation of this drug, are used to treat diseases. When ziprasidone is present in the form of particles with an effective average crystal size of less than or equal to 100 nm, the term “nanoparticle” is frequently used to characterize them. A colloidal submicron dispersion of ziprasidone particles is what ziprasidone nanosuspensions and nanoemulsions are made of. One formulation that makes use of solubilization technology is a nanosuspension of a crystalline ziprasidone free base. In order to get around the drug’s solubility issue and investigate its potential for nose-to-brain delivery, a buffered nanoemulsion of ziprasidone HCl has been created. We discuss numerous ziprasidone nanoformulations used to treat psychotic illnesses in this review. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Nanomaterials: An Improvised Drug Delivery System through the Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System

by Ravindra Mali and Javesh Patil

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14514 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 2239

Abstract

Oral drug administration is among the most popular options in terms of patient compliance. The absorption window’s influence enables the majority of commercially available modified-release dosage forms to have the desired physiological impact. In order to achieve the desired activity against the body’s [...] Read more.

Oral drug administration is among the most popular options in terms of patient compliance. The absorption window’s influence enables the majority of commercially available modified-release dosage forms to have the desired physiological impact. In order to achieve the desired activity against the body’s challenges, the formulator must keep the dosage form in the stomach, which is the aim of gastroretentive drug delivery (GRDD). In this process of maintaining the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, influenced by the nature of excipients and driven by the type of formulation to achieve therapeutic goals, a GRDD system is comparable to an improvised CDDS (control drug delivery system) before it reaches the absorption site. The most prevalent kind of preferred modified release system in use is solid oral dosage forms. To achieve the desired release profile, fewer doses are required when using these forms. Each drug candidate has a unique GIT absorption window, so there are many challenges. Solvability characteristics, pH-dependent variables, stability, physiological region, etc. Due to the barriers that have been added to this system, many products have been created. This review article contains nanomaterials used in GRDDS as novel drug delivery, factors affecting, and challenges to formulate nanomaterials, evaluation and advance technology used for application of nanomaterials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Titania Nanosheets as a Component of Reusable Substrates for Reproducible SERS Signal

by Alexander O. Revenko, Daniil A. Kozlov and Alexey V. Garshev

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14531 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 856

Abstract

Titania nanosheets (TNS) represent 2D photocatalytic material, which can strongly bind with metal nanoparticles, and, therefore, materials based on it are promising in the development of reusable substrates for reproducible SERS. In the present research, titania nanosheets were obtained during cesium titanate exfoliation. [...] Read more.

Titania nanosheets (TNS) represent 2D photocatalytic material, which can strongly bind with metal nanoparticles, and, therefore, materials based on it are promising in the development of reusable substrates for reproducible SERS. In the present research, titania nanosheets were obtained during cesium titanate exfoliation. Silver nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of nanosheets via AgNO₃ solution reduction. The synthesis of the substrates with optimized parameters allows achieving an enhancement coefficient of up to 1.9 × 10⁶ and the ability to detect molecules of rhodamine 6G with concentration of 10⁻⁸ M. Moreover, the obtained substrates show highly reproducible signals throughout the surface. Due to the photocatalytic properties of titania, the surface of the substrates can be cleaned after SERS measurement by UV irradiation, and the substrates can be used repeatedly. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Rapid Characterization of Synthesized Nanoparticles’ Liquid Dispersions Using Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

by Polina A. Monakhova, Pavel V. Shalaev and Iaroslav N. Gorev

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14528 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 1132

Abstract

Obtaining the characteristics of the dispersions of synthesized nanoparticles such as concentration and particle size is an important task in the nanotechnology and biomedicine industries and in many other fields. A rapidly developing method for such needs is nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). This [...] Read more.

Obtaining the characteristics of the dispersions of synthesized nanoparticles such as concentration and particle size is an important task in the nanotechnology and biomedicine industries and in many other fields. A rapidly developing method for such needs is nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). This technique enables the visualization and recording of nanoparticles sized from dozens of nanometers to a couple of micrometers moving under the Brownian motion. The key point of obtaining precise information about a nanodispersion is video processing, which allows for the quick analysis of the sample without damaging it. Samples of polystyrene and gold nanoparticles with different characteristics were dispersed in water and studied using the NTA device. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy were used as the reference methods for nanoparticle characterization. This study also represents the main advantages and drawbacks of using the NTA method in the study of nanoparticle samples of various concentration levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Microemulsions in the Systems with Lecithin and Oils from Tropical Plants for Drug Delivery

by Nguyen Huu Tung and Nataliya M. Murashova

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14496 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 1216

Abstract

It was shown that to obtain reverse microemulsions in lecithin–oleic acid–vaseline oil–vegetable oil–essential oil–water systems, oil from the tropical plant gac (Momordica cochinchinensis) and turmeric essential oil (Curcuma longa) can be used. At least 6.5 wt.% of water can [...] Read more.

It was shown that to obtain reverse microemulsions in lecithin–oleic acid–vaseline oil–vegetable oil–essential oil–water systems, oil from the tropical plant gac (Momordica cochinchinensis) and turmeric essential oil (Curcuma longa) can be used. At least 6.5 wt.% of water can be introduced into the microemulsion at a lecithin concentration of 20 wt.% in the organic phase, with a vaseline oil and gac oil ratio of 1:1 by weight, and an oleic acid and lecithin molar ratio 0.2–0.8. The hydrodynamic diameter of the microemulsion droplets, depending on the content of water and lecithin, was from 3 to 21 nm. Using the dialysis method on the model of the water-soluble dye Rhodamine C, it was shown that the rate of its transfer from the microemulsion to the physiological solution was 15.4 × 10⁻³ g/(m²∙h); approximately 3.2% of the dye was released in 6 h, which allows for the development of drugs with a sustained release of medicinal substances. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Camellia-sinensis- and Cocos-nucifera-Derived Gold Nanoparticles for Treatment of Infections Caused by Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

by Saman Anwar, Sidra Altaf, Muhammad Saif Ur Rehman Babar, Bilal Aslam, Humaira Muzaffar and Arslan Iftikhar

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14469 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1165

Abstract

The development of bacterial resistance toward existing antibiotics is a universal problem for human and animal health as well as for food security. In an attempt to overcome this problem, nanotechnology has contributed in the form of nanoformulations. However, these are associated with [...] Read more.

The development of bacterial resistance toward existing antibiotics is a universal problem for human and animal health as well as for food security. In an attempt to overcome this problem, nanotechnology has contributed in the form of nanoformulations. However, these are associated with risks and drawbacks including environmental toxicity, cell injury, issues of high production cost and the scarcity of active ingredients. On the other hand, the green synthesis of nanoformulations via biological methods is a simple, innovative, ecofriendly, cost effective and advanced approach for the treatment of lethal infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms such as staphylococcus aureus. About 30% of humans are asymptomatic carriers of S. aureus in their upper respiratory tract. Clinical diseases caused by S. aureus infections range from mild to severe and may be manifested in the form of pneumonia, osteomyelitis, skin and deep tissue infections. Here, we prepared plant-mediated gold nanoparticles from Camellia sinensis and Cocos nucifera. The green biocompatible nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis. spectroscopy), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Moreover, these green gold nanoparticles were investigated for their antimicrobial activity by checking their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). We found that the newly developed bio-nanoparticles showed strong activity against the multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Electron-Beam Radiation Effects in Multilayer Structures Grown with the Periodical Deposition of Si and CaF₂ on Si(111)

by Anatoly V. Dvurechenskii, Aleksey V. Kacyuba, Gennady N. Kamaev, Vladimir A. Volodin, Natalia P. Stepina, Aigul F. Zinovieva and Vladimir A. Zinovyev

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14481 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 774

Abstract

The formation of CaSi₂ films on Si(111) with the molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) of CaF₂ under fast electron-beam irradiation was investigated. The method of a high-planarity CaSi₂ film synthesis assisted by electron-beam irradiation was developed. We combined two approaches to reduce [...] Read more.

The formation of CaSi₂ films on Si(111) with the molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) of CaF₂ under fast electron-beam irradiation was investigated. The method of a high-planarity CaSi₂ film synthesis assisted by electron-beam irradiation was developed. We combined two approaches to reduce the film roughness: the post-growth electron irradiation and codeposition of additional Si during CaF₂ growth. The application of the solid-phase epitaxy technique at the initial stage of film growth allowed for us to reduce surface roughness down to 1–2 nm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Characterization and Comparison of WO₃ with Hybrid WO₃-MoO₃ and TiO₂ with Hybrid TiO₂-ZnO Nanostructures as Photoanodes

by M. Cifre-Herrando, G. Roselló-Márquez, Pedro José Navarro-Gázquez, María José Muñoz-Portero, E. Blasco-Tamarit and J. García-Antón

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14487 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 935

Abstract

Tungsten oxide (WO₃) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are n-type semiconductors with numerous applications in photocatalysis. The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize different types of nanostructures (WO₃, WO₃-Mo, TiO₂, and TiO₂ [...] Read more.

Tungsten oxide (WO₃) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are n-type semiconductors with numerous applications in photocatalysis. The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize different types of nanostructures (WO₃, WO₃-Mo, TiO₂, and TiO₂-ZnO) for a comparison of hybrid and pure nanostructures to use them as a photoanodes for hydrogen production. With the aim of comparing the properties of both samples, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and confocal laser-Raman spectroscopy have been employed to study the morphology and composition and crystallinity, respectively. Finally, water splitting tests were conducted to compare the photoelectrochemical properties of the photoanodes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Investigation of the Dielectric Response of PPy/V₂C MXene–ZnO Using Quantum Mechanical Calculations

by Anthony Chidi Ezika, Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku, Gbolahan Joseph Adekoya, Suprakas Sinha Ray and Yskandar Hamam

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14467 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 1010

Abstract

Considering the snowballing of electronic devices with the widespread usage of miniaturized energy storage gadgets, the need for sustainable, flexible, lightweight, and higher-power-density devices to supplement the global fossil fuel challenges and depletion is gathering attention. In this regard, polymer/ceramics nanocomposites have recently [...] Read more.

Considering the snowballing of electronic devices with the widespread usage of miniaturized energy storage gadgets, the need for sustainable, flexible, lightweight, and higher-power-density devices to supplement the global fossil fuel challenges and depletion is gathering attention. In this regard, polymer/ceramics nanocomposites have recently accrued more attention as a promising material for future energy storage technology, which requires a breakdown strength and high dielectric constant. High dielectric constant, which is caused by interface polarization and electric polarization, could be created by the inclusion of conductive hybrid fillers of MXene (V₂C) and ZnO particles into the polymers to form a nanocomposite with improved dielectric constant. Herein, quantum mechanical calculations are employed to investigate the charge distribution and the bonding that exist between the ceramic/ceramic boundary area of V₂C Mxene–ZnO in the polypyrrole matrix. The nonuniform distribution of charges is expected to improve the dielectric response for energy storage applications. In addition, the structure of the ternary nanocomposite can also be improved by the interfacial ionic bonding of the hybrid fillers. Furthermore, to understand the electron migration mechanism, the electron localization function and the density of state of the V₂C–ZnO are studied. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Preparation of Dual pH- and Temperature-Sensitive Nanogels for Curcumin Delivery

by Thi Tuong Vy Phan and Madhappan Santhamoorthy

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14468 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 862

Abstract

Curcumin, an active ingredient in turmeric, has various biological activities, but its low solubility and limited bioavailability hinder its therapeutic use. To address this, we created dual pH- and thermo-sensitive nanogels (NGs) from poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAm) and polyacrylamide (PAAm) [P(NIPAAm-co-AAm) NGs] for delivering curcumin [...] Read more.

Curcumin, an active ingredient in turmeric, has various biological activities, but its low solubility and limited bioavailability hinder its therapeutic use. To address this, we created dual pH- and thermo-sensitive nanogels (NGs) from poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAm) and polyacrylamide (PAAm) [P(NIPAAm-co-AAm) NGs] for delivering curcumin (Cur). We characterized the NGs using various techniques and found them to be biocompatible and low in toxicity. We conducted in vitro experiments to demonstrate the pH- and temperature-sensitive loading and release of Cur by controlling the swelling and deswelling of the NGs. The PNIPAm-co-PAAm copolymer we synthesized showed ~65% Cur loading. The NGs’ zeta potential decreased with increasing pH, and they underwent a phase transition at 40 °C with concentration-dependent properties. Almost 100% of Cur was released from the NGs after four hours at pH 5.5 and 40 °C. Therefore, these newly synthesized NGs have the potential for solid-tumor-targeted therapy by releasing the drug based on physical stimuli such as pH and temperature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Synthesis and Characterization of a Bifunctional Platform Based on Magnetite–Gold Nanoparticles for Theranostics of Cancer

by Iuliia Chudosai, Marina Sorokina, Maxim Abakumov and Natalia Klyachko

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14498 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 857

Abstract

One of the most interesting objects in terms of use in biomedicine are hybrid structures based on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) and NPs of noble metals, which make it possible to simultaneously introduce two types of ligands onto the surface of NPs for their [...] Read more.

One of the most interesting objects in terms of use in biomedicine are hybrid structures based on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) and NPs of noble metals, which make it possible to simultaneously introduce two types of ligands onto the surface of NPs for their further use for photodynamic cancer therapy (PDT) (a combination of a photosensitizer (PS) for therapy and a fluorophore (FP) for platform detection). The synthesis and research of Fe₃O₄-Au NPs with a “dumbbell” structure as the bifunctional platform for the therapy of oncological diseases was the purpose of this work. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Implantation of Electrons into the Glass

by Asmaa Zeboudj and Saad Hamzaoui

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14484 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 775

Abstract

The objective of our work was to study the behavior of glass that is subjected to electronic bombing. In the context of this work, we first studied theoretically the establishment of electrons in a material—in this case, glass. We postponed the penetration of [...] Read more.

The objective of our work was to study the behavior of glass that is subjected to electronic bombing. In the context of this work, we first studied theoretically the establishment of electrons in a material—in this case, glass. We postponed the penetration of the electrons according to their acceleration and the density of the material, then we established the electric field within the material according to the fluence, thus referring to the conditions enabling the destruction of the material. However, for some materials this breakdown depends on several parameters. In the second step of the study we were interested in the realization of an electron cannon to provide a bundle of focused and energetic electrons; more precisely, we discuss this on basis of the practical design. In this instrument, the electrons are accelerated under high tension. We chose to postpone in this work the thermal current as a function of the tension, and we subsequently discuss the assembly chosen. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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2142 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose Nanomaterials from Waste Newspapers

by Ziaul Hasan, Md Osama Zubair and Tauseef Hassan

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14731 - 30 May 2023

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Abstract

Recycling plant-based materials for various applications not only reduces the harm to the environment but also presents an excellent green source for nanomaterial synthesis. Being chiral and biodegradable makes cellulose, which is an organic polymer, an economic and easy-to-access plant-derived green material. Cellulose [...] Read more.

Recycling plant-based materials for various applications not only reduces the harm to the environment but also presents an excellent green source for nanomaterial synthesis. Being chiral and biodegradable makes cellulose, which is an organic polymer, an economic and easy-to-access plant-derived green material. Cellulose can be synthesized into nanostructures for a vast array of high-demand applications, such as drug delivery; biomedicines, which includes “biosensors and diagnostics”; medical implants; skin tissue healing; wastewater treatment; touch screen technology; electronic skin; human–machine interfaces; flexible devices; energy storage devices; clothes; packaging; and cosmetics. The daily newspapers that are delivered to our homes can be one of the best sources of cellulose for us. Our work in this study concentrated on removing nanocrystalline cellulose from newspapers. To begin, we deinked the newspapers and then the deinked pulp was transformed into its nanostructures, or nanocrystalline cellulose, to achieve a high aspect ratio, on the one hand, using chemicals like NaOH, thiourea, etc., and on the other side, via a mechanical process. We used a variety of characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy to study morphological properties, X-ray diffraction, and dynamic light scattering for dimensional analysis, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy for thermogravimetric analysis, and others, to confirm that the synthesized materials had achieved the intended outcomes. A high aspect ratio enables us to create surfaces with a huge surface area with very little synthetic material. The final product, which was created by synthesis, has been discovered to have features that are identical to those of nanocrystalline cellulose, which is available for purchase in the market for use in laboratory purposes. To make nanocomposites, this nanocrystalline cellulose can be combined with various organic and inorganic polymers, which can be further used as a base material for energy storage devices. In this paper, we compared our materials at different time durations used in synthesis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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1394 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Development of Au Nanostars/Graphene Oxide Paper for SERS

by Eduarda F. Silva, Gil Gonçalves and Sara Fateixa

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14538 - 5 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1007

Abstract

Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted significant attention due to its unique optical properties and tunable surface chemistry, making it an excellent platform for optical sensing applications. Combining GO with metallic nanoparticles allows for the fabrication of highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates [...] Read more.

Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted significant attention due to its unique optical properties and tunable surface chemistry, making it an excellent platform for optical sensing applications. Combining GO with metallic nanoparticles allows for the fabrication of highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates for analytical purposes. Here, we report our research on chemical strategies to decorate GO paper with Au nanostars (AuNSs) for the SERS detection of methylene blue, a water pollutant model. Several preparative approaches were employed to evaluate their sensitivity to detect MB molecules, including polyelectrolytes, distinct graphene-based materials, and the deposition method of the AuNSs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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2385 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Fine-Tuning Nanoscale Vibrational Interactions of Low-Dimensional Nanocarbon Multilayer Transition Interfaces in 3D-Printed Extreme Lattice Metamaterials

by Alexander Lukin

Mater. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2023-14530 - 5 May 2023

Viewed by 861

Abstract

We have developed a breakthrough strategy for predictive physicochemical performance improvement and unlocking new functionalities of additively manufactured extreme lattice metamaterials. This strategy is being implemented via predictive fine-tuning nanoscale interlayer vibrational interactions among the transition domains of nanocomponents. The developed strategy is [...] Read more.

We have developed a breakthrough strategy for predictive physicochemical performance improvement and unlocking new functionalities of additively manufactured extreme lattice metamaterials. This strategy is being implemented via predictive fine-tuning nanoscale interlayer vibrational interactions among the transition domains of nanocomponents. The developed strategy is founded on the newly discovered collective atomic vibrations phenomenon, which is observed in transition zones of multilayer nanostructures. For the predictive excitation and adjustment of this phenomenon, we propose the incorporation of low-dimensional nanocarbon-based multilayer interfaces into the transition zones of nanocomponents via a multistage technological chain. In particular, this chain includes a combination of a set of techniques: the conversion of all components into the nanoscale; plasma-driven functionalization and assembly with multilayer nano-enhanced interfaces; the initiation of allotropic phase conversions driven by energy; micro- and nanoscale manipulation assisted by surface acoustic waves during ion-assisted pulse plasma processing and functionalizing; pulse plasma doping by atoms of various chemical elements; exciting the oriented self-assembly by using high-frequency electromagnetic fields; the resonant acoustic mixing of all nanocomponents; and growing high-end extreme lattice metamaterial elements through high-precision multi-material additive manufacturing as well as the use of a data-driven nanoscale inverse designing and manufacturing strategy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Nanomaterials)

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