Fire, Volume 8, Issue 11

Accurate prediction of toxic gas concentrations during conveyor-belt fires is essential for ensuring mine safety, yet the nonlinear, time-varying, and turbulent characteristics of underground environments pose significant challenges for real-time for...

In Southwest China, traditional wooden buildings in historic villages commonly feature natural vegetation roofing materials, such as thatch or bamboo shingles, which are highly susceptible to fire. Existing research has primarily focused on tradition...

The increasing frequency of extreme wildfire behavior globally, particularly under the influence of anthropogenic climate change, poses unprecedented challenges to traditional fire management paradigms. This study presents a comprehensive, multi-dime...

The traditional optimization of intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene (PP) relies on large experimental campaigns that scale poorly with compositional dimensionality, limiting the systematic exploration of tradeoffs between fire performance and m...

Flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) is widely used in ship cabins yet poses significant fire hazards due to its flammability and tendency to melt and drip during combustion. While previous studies have primarily focused on dripping behavior under stati...

Fire in China, driven by both natural and anthropogenic factors, significantly influences ecological stability. This study provides a comprehensive spatiotemporal analysis of active fires across China from 2003 to 2024 using MODIS Collection 6.1 acti...

To improve preparedness and minimise losses, this paper presents the development of artificial intelligence (AI)-based forecasting models using a large-scale climate index for Victoria (Australia), which is known to be one of the most fire-prone area...

This paper constructs a numerical simulation model for the fire and fire-fighting system of an all-electric vehicle ro-ro passenger ship to study the influence of fire characteristics and fire-fighting system layout parameters on the fire-extinguishi...

This study investigates the performance, emissions, and physicochemical characteristics of a small-scale gas turbine fueled with Jet A and camelina biodiesel blends (B10, B20, and B30). The blends were characterized by slightly higher density (up to...

Wildfires are a source of air pollution, which impacts air quality in proximity to and at great distances from fires. Wildfire smoke exposure is seasonal and episodic, with exposure levels and durations that can vary considerably. Exposure to wildfir...

The use of artificial oxygenation to counteract the effects of hypoxia and improve living standards in high-altitude, low-oxygen settings is widespread. A recognized consequence of this intervention is that it elevates the risk of fire occurrence. In...

Guizhou Province in China exhibits a distinctive agroforestry mosaic landscape with frequent human activity in forested areas. This region experiences recurrent forest fires, characterized by significant difficulties in suppression and high risks. Re...

Mediterranean relict forests, including Laurisilva and other humid forest refugia, are rare and ecologically distinctive habitats often embedded in fire-prone landscapes. Understanding how these ecosystems respond to disturbance is essential for biod...

The increasing prevalence of lithium-ion batteries in energy storage and electric transportation has led to a rise in overcharge-induced thermal runaway (TR) incidents. Particularly, the TR of Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) batteries demonstrates disti...

Ammonia (NH₃) is a promising zero-carbon fuel to eliminate carbon footprint while the high autoignition temperature and low combustion rate of NH₃ remain challenging for practical implementation. Using dimethyl ether (DME) as pilot ignition fuel can...

Leadership is context-dependent in its influence on various employee attitudes and behaviors, particularly in high-risk environments. Despite this, few studies have explored the role of leadership in shaping safety-related outcomes within high-risk p...

Aircraft cargo compartment fires represent a major threat to aviation safety due to their rapid development, concealment, and the challenges associated with suppression in confined spaces. This study analyzes the 2019 A330 cargo compartment fire at B...

Post-disaster support is critical for responders’ well-being who navigate the physical, mental, and emotional challenges of crisis intervention. The January 2025 Eaton Fire destroyed structures and disproportionately impacted Black and Latino n...

In this study, we evaluate a phosphorus-based fire retardant (HR Prof) on Norway spruce using Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA: TG/DTG/DSC), Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), and bench-scale mass-loss measurements. Relative...

Vegetation fires are among the most common natural disasters, posing significant threats to people and the natural environment worldwide. Density-based clustering methods can be used to identify geospatial clustering patterns of fire points. It furth...

In order to improve the fluidity, pumpability, and strength of separation-layer grouting fire-protecting filling material and reliability with multiple parameters and factors in traditional orthogonal tests, the coupling theory of the response surfac...

This study investigates post-fire vegetation transitions and spectral responses in the Snowstorm Fire (2017) and South Sugarloaf Fire (2018) in Nevada using Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) surface reflectance imagery and unsupervised ISODATA...

In this study, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was coupled with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to systematically investigate the pyrolysis characteristics and mechanisms of cement fiberboard across varying heating rates. Experimental...

The present study investigates the influence of atomizing air-to-liquid mass ratio (ALR) on the near-field spray characteristics and stability of a novel twin-fluid injector that integrates bubble-bursting for primary atomization and shear-induced se...

Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV), which are used for building exteriors such as walls, roofs, balconies, and awnings, play a significant role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, since the back sheet, sealant, junction box, and cabl...

This study investigates the minimum ignition temperature of smoldering paper scraps with varying bulk densities and lengths under different external airflow rates. Paper scraps of different lengths were compressed to modify the bulk density within th...

Pyrolysis of 24 samples of foliage from three U.S. regions with frequent wildland fires (Southeastern U.S., northern Utah and Southern California) was studied in a fuel-rich flat-flame burner system at 765 °C (for Southeastern U.S. samples) and 7...

Fires remain a critical threat to the resilience and safety of the built environment, yet current research is often fragmented across building types, technologies, and functions. This study investigates typology-specific gaps in fire safety by conduc...

State-of-the-art historical global burned area (BA) products largely rely on MODIS data, offering long temporal coverage but limited spatial resolution. As a result, small fires and complex landscapes remain underrepresented in global fire history re...

This study develops an explainable machine learning framework for wildfire prediction across Australia, integrating region-specific models and feature attribution to identify key environmental drivers. Three wildfire indicators, Estimated Fire Area (...

This paper presents a validated computational workflow for simulating the fire-induced collapse of steel moment-resisting frames, comparing static general and dynamic explicit analysis procedures. Whereas most existing studies employ dynamic explicit...

Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) are essential polymeric materials, prized for their low density, high mechanical strength, and superior thermal insulation, making them indispensable in construction, refrigeration, and transportation. Despite these a...

Firefighters wear bunker gear for protection against thermal hazards during firefighting. Bunker gear are fabricated from superior-performance fibers and enhanced by chemical flame retardants to increase fire resistance. However, brominated flame ret...

This study develops a combustible material pyrolysis model capable of numerically predicting and analyzing ultra-fast fire scenarios. The model was subsequently applied to investigate fire behavior in industrial complex facilities. Based on a propoli...

This study presents a fire risk assessment of traditional wooden dwellings in Southern Hunan, focusing on Zhoujia Compound—a nationally protected cultural heritage site. By applying Pyrosim fire simulation software, we modeled fire spread, smok...

In real-world fire scenarios, complex lighting conditions and smoke interference significantly challenge the accuracy and robustness of traditional fire detection systems. Fusion of complementary modalities, such as visible light (RGB) and infrared (...

The neutral point of a 10 kV distribution network often adopts an arc suppression coil or high resistance grounding mode to ensure the reliability of the power supply. The single-phase grounding fault current is below 10 A, and the distribution netwo...

Smoke detection is a practical approach for early identification of wildfires and mitigating hazards that affect ecosystems, infrastructure, property, and the community. The existing deep learning (DL) object detection methods (e.g., Detection Transf...

Electrical cabinet fire is a prevalent type of electrical fire. It can result in significant casualties and major damage to residential dwellings, chemical plants, or other facilities. This study proposes an investigation methodology for electrical c...

In the context of climate change, increasingly severe forest fires present a significant threat to lives, property, ecosystem functionality, and the sustainable development of forest resources. As a result, there is an urgent need for rapid, efficien...

The utilisation of fire resistance control systems in contemporary timber construction and the conservation of historic edifices has emerged as a pivotal solution, superseding conventional mandatory systems. Such approaches are particularly beneficia...