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Symmetry, Volume 17, Issue 7

2025 July - 193 articles

Cover Story: Explaining the origin of more than 98% of the visible mass in the universe presents one of the most challenging problems in science. The answer is somehow supposed to be provided by quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of strong interactions felt by the gluons and quarks that are confined in protons and kindred systems. Over many years, but with rapid progress during the past decade, theoretical analyses have revealed a plausible answer with the paradigm of emergent hadron mass (EHM). A signature feature of EHM is a distance-dependent mass for QCD’s quarks that reaches a nuclear-sized scale as quarks strive to reach the surface of protons. This discussion explains how studies of reactions that lift the proton into one of its many excited states can be used to test EHM today and with even greater precision in the future. View this paper
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Articles (193)

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
700 Views
16 Pages

5 July 2025

In this paper, we tackle the decentralized-output feedback sampled-data disturbance rejection control for a dual-drive H-Gantry (DDHG) system with a symmetrical structure. For the DDHG system with disturbances, only the position information of the sy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
920 Views
23 Pages

4 July 2025

The construction of pumped storage power stations (PSPSs) is undergoing rapid expansion globally. Detecting operational faults and defects in pumped storage units is critical, as effective diagnostic methods can not only identify fault types quickly...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,117 Views
37 Pages

4 July 2025

Multilevel thresholding image segmentation plays a crucial role in various image processing applications. However, achieving optimal segmentation results often poses challenges due to the intricate nature of images. In this study, a novel metaheurist...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,196 Views
28 Pages

4 July 2025

Geographic information systems (GISs) have shown considerable promise in enhancing textual semantic analysis. Current textual semantic analysis methods face significant limitations in accurately delineating semantic boundaries, identifying semantic c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,910 Views
33 Pages

4 July 2025

Time series forecasting serves a critical function in domains such as energy, meteorology, and power systems by leveraging historical data to predict future trends. However, existing methods often prioritize long-term dependencies while neglecting th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,336 Views
23 Pages

4 July 2025

A fuzzy extractor is a foundational cryptographic component that enables the extraction of reproducible and uniformly random strings from sources with inherent noise, such as biometric traits. Reusable fuzzy extractor guarantees the security of multi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,598 Views
16 Pages

Nonlinear Hydrogen Bond Network in Small Water Clusters: Combining NMR, DFT, FT-IR, and EIS Research

  • Ignat Ignatov,
  • Yordan G. Marinov,
  • Paunka Vassileva,
  • Georgi Gluhchev,
  • Ludmila A. Pesotskaya,
  • Ivan P. Jordanov and
  • Mario T. Iliev

4 July 2025

Water’s unique physicochemical properties arise from its dynamic hydrogen-bonding network, yet the precise molecular threshold at which these cooperative behaviors emerge remains a key question. This study employed nuclear magnetic resonance (N...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,841 Views
21 Pages

4 July 2025

Hexapod robots that use external sensors to sense the environment are susceptible to factors such as light intensity or foggy weather. This effect leads to a drastic decrease in the motility of the hexapod robot. This paper proposes a motion control...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,901 Views
18 Pages

4 July 2025

Nowadays, the world witnesses cyber attacks daily, and these threats are becoming exponentially sophisticated due to advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI). This progress allows adversaries to accelerate malware development and streamline the explo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,614 Views
23 Pages

4 July 2025

Longstanding anomalies in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), including the low quadrupole moment and hemispherical power asymmetry, have recently been linked to an underlying parity asymmetry. We show here how this parity asymmetry naturally aris...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,471 Views
19 Pages

Lateral Asymmetries and Their Predictive Ability for Maximal Incremental Cycle Ergometer Performance in Road Cyclists

  • Mario Iglesias-Caamaño,
  • Jose Manuel Abalo-Rey,
  • Tania Álvarez-Yates,
  • Diego Fernández-Redondo,
  • Jose Angel López-Campos,
  • Fábio Yuzo Nakamura,
  • Alba Cuba-Dorado and
  • Oscar García-García

4 July 2025

This study aimed to (1) determine and compare the magnitude and direction of asymmetry in lower limbs neuromuscular properties, range of motion, strength and muscle electrical activity (EMG) in well-trained male road cyclist across categories (elite,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6,833 Views
17 Pages

Characteristics of Foot Pressure Distribution During Standing and Walking with Anatomical Leg Length Discrepancy—A Comparative Analysis of Patients with and Without Low Back Pain

  • Krzysztof Konior,
  • Aleksandra Bitenc-Jasiejko,
  • Anna Lubkowska,
  • Ewa Stachowska,
  • Anna Walińska,
  • Kinga Gonta,
  • Piotr Skomro and
  • Danuta Lietz-Kijak

4 July 2025

Body asymmetry is often analysed in the context of low back pain (LBP). To date, research has mainly focused on the general relationships between asymmetry and pain, with less attention paid to issues related to pressure distribution and its potentia...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
908 Views
14 Pages

4 July 2025

Based on the magnetic configuration of the China Astro-Torus-1 (CAT-1) levitated dipole device, this study investigated the confinement performance of common discharge gas ions under E × B transverse transport conditions induced by electric fie...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,144 Views
14 Pages

3 July 2025

A novel externally heated retort for Jimsar oil shale resources is proposed, and the symmetrical mathematical model of the transport process in the retort is established through intensively studying the mechanisms of shale gas flows, heat transfer, a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,103 Views
21 Pages

3 July 2025

With the rapid development of smart connected vehicles, vehicle network communications demand high-speed data transmission to support advanced automotive services. Millimeter Wave (mmWave) communication offers fast data rates, strong anti-interferenc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
923 Views
18 Pages

3 July 2025

This study investigates the potential Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation incorporating a power-type nonlinearity (PKPp), a model that features prominently in various nonlinear phenomena encountered in physics and applied mathematics. A complete No...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,233 Views
25 Pages

An Enhanced YOLOv8 Model with Symmetry-Aware Feature Extraction for High-Accuracy Solar Panel Defect Detection

  • Xiaoxia Lin,
  • Xinyue Xiao,
  • Lin Sun,
  • Xiaodong Yang,
  • Chunwei Leng,
  • Yan Li,
  • Zhenyu Niu,
  • Yingzhou Meng and
  • Weihao Gong

3 July 2025

The growing popularity of solar panels is crucial for global decarbonization, but harsh environmental conditions can lead to defects such as cracks, fingerprints, and short circuits. Existing methods face the challenge of detecting multi-scale defect...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,191 Views
24 Pages

3 July 2025

An involutive m-semilattice is a kind of algebraic structure with symmetry. Symmetry is reflected from partial-order relations to algebraic operations and even categorical properties. In this study, firstly, the concepts of the nucleus and congruence...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,418 Views
20 Pages

3 July 2025

Test-time adaptation (TTA) enhances model performance in target domains by dynamically adjusting parameters using unlabeled test data. However, existing TTA methods typically assume balanced data distributions, whereas real-world test data is often i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
871 Views
22 Pages

3 July 2025

Leaf shape is a crucial visual cue for plant recognition. However, distinguishing among plants with high inter-class shape similarity remains a significant challenge, especially among cultivars within the same species where shape differences can be e...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
822 Views
17 Pages

Statistical Analysis Under a Random Censoring Scheme with Applications

  • Mustafa M. Hasaballah and
  • Mahmoud M. Abdelwahab

3 July 2025

The Gumbel Type-II distribution is a widely recognized and frequently utilized lifetime distribution, playing a crucial role in reliability engineering. This paper focuses on the statistical inference of the Gumbel Type-II distribution under a random...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,097 Views
14 Pages

A Wideband Circularly Polarized Filtering Dipole Antenna

  • Xianjing Lin,
  • Ruishan Huang,
  • Miaowang Zeng and
  • An Yan

3 July 2025

This paper presents a circularly polarized (CP) antenna based on crossed dipoles with bandpass-type filtering radiation response. The antenna employs a pair of crossed dipole arms as radiators, which are printed on the upper and lower planes of the s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,040 Views
28 Pages

2 July 2025

The eye is one of our five sense organs, where optical and neural structures are integrated. It works in synchrony with the brain, enabling the formation of meaningful images. However, lack of function, complete absence or structural abnormalities of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,146 Views
20 Pages

Multi-Keyword Ranked Search on Encrypted Cloud Data Based on Snow Ablation Optimizer

  • Huiyan Chen,
  • Shuncong Tan,
  • Xing Ma,
  • Xi Lin and
  • Yunfei Yao

2 July 2025

The idea of multi-keyword ranked search over encrypted cloud data has attracted considerable attention in recent studies, as it allows users to securely and efficiently retrieve highly relevant results. Traditional methods improve search efficiency b...

  • Article
  • Open Access
871 Views
63 Pages

2 July 2025

We consider the macroscopic motion of the normal component of superfluid 3He-A in global thermodynamic equilibrium within the context of the Zubarev statistical operator method. We formulate the corresponding effective theory in the language of the f...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
877 Views
30 Pages

2 July 2025

This study focuses on estimating the unknown parameters and the reliability function of the inverted-Weibull distribution, using an improved adaptive progressive Type-II censoring scheme under a competing risks model. Both classical and Bayesian esti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,436 Views
26 Pages

2 July 2025

To meet the growing demand for secure and reliable image protection in digital communication, this paper proposes a novel image encryption framework that addresses the challenges of high plaintext sensitivity, resistance to statistical attacks, and k...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,388 Views
20 Pages

Gaussian Chebyshev Polynomials and Their Properties

  • Funda Taşdemir and
  • Vuslat Şeyda Durusoy

2 July 2025

In this study, we define a new family of Gaussian polynomials, called Gaussian Chebyshev polynomials, by extending classical Chebyshev polynomials into the complex domain. These polynomials are characterized by second-order linear recurrence relation...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
954 Views
21 Pages

Ferromagnet-Type System: Integrable Flows of Curves/Surfaces, Soliton Solutions, and Equivalence

  • Gulgassyl Nugmanova,
  • Guldana Bekova,
  • Meruyert Zhassybayeva,
  • Aigul Taishiyeva,
  • Kuralay Yesmakhanova and
  • Zhaidary Myrzakulova

2 July 2025

This paper investigates an integrable spin system known as the Myrzakulov-XIII (M-XIII) equation through geometric and gauge-theoretic methods. The M-XIII equation, which describes dispersionless dynamics with curvature-induced interactions, is shown...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,026 Views
15 Pages

Non-Centered Chi Distributions as Models for Fair Assessment in Sports Performance

  • Diego Puig Castro,
  • Ana Coronado Ferrer,
  • Juan Carlos Castro Palacio,
  • Pedro Fernández de Córdoba,
  • Nuria Ortigosa and
  • Enrique A. Sánchez Pérez

2 July 2025

Some stochastic phenomena that appear in real-world processes and satisfy some similar characteristics can be effectively modeled using functions based on variants of the chi distribution. In this paper, we extend the use of the uncentered chi distri...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,339 Views
13 Pages

Thermodynamic Properties of a Diatomic Molecule Under Effects of Small Oscillations in an Elastic Environment

  • Ricardo L. L. Vitória,
  • Carlos F. S. Pereira and
  • Sergio Murilo da Silva Braga Martins

2 July 2025

In this paper, we analytically investigate a diatomic molecule subject to the Morse potential under the small oscillations regime, immersed in a medium with a point defect representing impurities or vacancies in an elastic system. Initially, we apply...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,793 Views
24 Pages

1 July 2025

Recent advancements in deep learning have driven the rapid proliferation of deepfake generation techniques, raising substantial concerns over digital security and trustworthiness. Most current detection methods primarily focus on spatial or frequency...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
996 Views
19 Pages

1 July 2025

Flexible manipulators are widely applied in many fields. Here, the control design for a simplified flexible manipulator model with nonlinear inputs and state constraints is studied. The impact of two inputs and disturbances on the system was consider...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
851 Views
15 Pages

1 July 2025

Accidental ground surcharge loads can induce adverse effects such as segment cracking in underlying shield tunnel structures, with particularly pronounced impacts on pre-damaged tunnel segments. Cracks represent one of the most common initial damage...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,184 Views
31 Pages

1 July 2025

This paper introduces the record-based transmuted Rayleigh distribution of order 3 (rbt-R), a three-parameter extension of the classical Rayleigh model designed to address data characterized by high skewness and heavy tails. While traditional general...

  • Article
  • Open Access
759 Views
20 Pages

1 July 2025

A rational exchange protocol is a type of e-commerce protocol that aims to maximize the participants’ own interests. The Buttyan model is commonly used to analyze the security of such protocols. However, this model has limitations in dealing wi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,138 Views
23 Pages

1 July 2025

Accurate identification of electricity price anomalies is essential for enhancing transparency, stability, and efficiency in modern electricity markets. While prior methods primarily focus on temporal patterns, this study introduces a novel approach...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,542 Views
21 Pages

Dynamic Modeling and Modal Analysis of Rectangular Plates with Edge Symmetric Periodic Acoustic Black Holes

  • Yuanyuan Shi,
  • Ziyi Liu,
  • Qiyuan Fan,
  • Xiao Wang,
  • Qibai Huang and
  • Jiangying Peng

1 July 2025

The vibration noise of plate structures in engineering is strongly related to the modal resonance, and modal design is the key to improve the dynamic characteristics of plate structures and avoid structural resonance. This paper investigates the dyna...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,039 Views
12 Pages

Behavioral Lateralization and Boldness Traits Across Eight Teleost Fish Species

  • Alessandra Pecunioso,
  • Elisa Rotondi and
  • Christian Agrillo

1 July 2025

Understanding inter-species differences in behavioral lateralization and exploration patterns is crucial for advancing the study of animal behavior. In this study, we standardized the experimental procedure to minimize methodological variability and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
779 Views
23 Pages

30 June 2025

Optimized earth-rock allocation is key in the construction of large-scale navigation channel projects. This paper analyzes the characteristics of a large-scale navigation channel project and establishes an earth-rock allocation system in phases and c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,297 Views
15 Pages

30 June 2025

This paper introduces novel, non-classical Julia and Mandelbrot sets using the Jungck–Noor iterative method with s-convexity, and derives an escape criterion for higher-order complex polynomials of the form zn+z3z+ω, w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
935 Views
32 Pages

30 June 2025

With the increasing integration of augmented reality (AR) in various applications, ensuring secure access and content authenticity has become a critical challenge. This paper proposes an innovative and robust authentication framework for protecting A...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,547 Views
31 Pages

30 June 2025

Advanced persistent threat (APT) attacks present significant challenges to cybersecurity due to their covert nature, high complexity, and ability to operate across multiple temporal and spatial scales. Existing detection techniques often struggle wit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,710 Views
26 Pages

A Bridge Defect Detection Algorithm Based on UGMB Multi-Scale Feature Extraction and Fusion

  • Haiyan Zhang,
  • Chao Tian,
  • Ao Zhang,
  • Yilin Liu,
  • Guxue Gao,
  • Zhiwen Zhuang,
  • Tongtong Yin and
  • Nuo Zhang

30 June 2025

Aiming at the problems of leakage and misdetection caused by insufficient multi-scale feature extraction and an excessive amount of model parameters in bridge defect detection, this paper proposes the AMSF-Pyramid-YOLOv11n model. First, a Cooperative...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
890 Views
24 Pages

30 June 2025

To ensure the green, safe, and efficient extraction of mineral resources and promote sustainability, the stability of mined-out areas has become a critical factor affecting safe production and ecological restoration in underground metal mines. The in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,064 Views
22 Pages

29 June 2025

Robust dynamic equivalents of large power networks are essential for fast and reliable stability analysis of bulk power systems. This is because the dimensionality of modern power systems raises convergence issues in modern stability-analysis program...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,973 Views
20 Pages

Complex Question Decomposition Based on Causal Reinforcement Learning

  • Dezhi Li,
  • Yunjun Lu,
  • Jianping Wu,
  • Wenlu Zhou and
  • Guangjun Zeng

29 June 2025

Complex question decomposition is an important research topic in the field of natural language processing (NLP). It refers to the decomposition of a compound question containing multiple ontologies and classes into a simple question containing only a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
694 Views
15 Pages

28 June 2025

In this paper, we extend the study of contravariant Einstein-like metrics to Poisson doubly warped product manifolds (PDWPMs). We derive the necessary and sufficient conditions under which the base and fiber manifolds of a PDWPM inherit Einstein-like...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,048 Views
15 Pages

Cascaded Dual Domain Hybrid Attention Network

  • Yujia Cai,
  • Qingyu Dong,
  • Cheng Qiu,
  • Lubin Wang and
  • Qiang Yu

28 June 2025

High-quality reconstruction of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from undersampled k-space remains a significant challenge in medical imaging. While the integration of compressed sensing and deep learning has notably improved the performance of M...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
974 Views
19 Pages

28 June 2025

The Rayleigh distribution is a continuous probability distribution that is inherently asymmetric and commonly used to model right-skewed data. It holds significant importance across a wide range of scientific and engineering disciplines and exhibits...

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Symmetry - ISSN 2073-8994