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Symmetry, Volume 17, Issue 7

July 2025 - 193 articles

Cover Story: Explaining the origin of more than 98% of the visible mass in the universe presents one of the most challenging problems in science. The answer is somehow supposed to be provided by quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of strong interactions felt by the gluons and quarks that are confined in protons and kindred systems. Over many years, but with rapid progress during the past decade, theoretical analyses have revealed a plausible answer with the paradigm of emergent hadron mass (EHM). A signature feature of EHM is a distance-dependent mass for QCD’s quarks that reaches a nuclear-sized scale as quarks strive to reach the surface of protons. This discussion explains how studies of reactions that lift the proton into one of its many excited states can be used to test EHM today and with even greater precision in the future. View this paper
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Articles (193)

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
490 Views
26 Pages

20 July 2025

The covariance tensors in statistics and Riemann curvature tensor in relativity theory are both biquadratic tensors that are weakly symmetric, but not symmetric in general. Motivated by this, in this paper, we consider nonsymmetric biquadratic tensor...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,311 Views
16 Pages

Maximal Norms of Orthogonal Projections and Closed-Range Operators

  • Salma Aljawi,
  • Cristian Conde,
  • Kais Feki and
  • Shigeru Furuichi

19 July 2025

Using the Dixmier angle between two closed subspaces of a complex Hilbert space H, we establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for the operator norm of the sum of two orthogonal projections, PW1 and PW2, onto closed subspaces W1 and W2, to a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
406 Views
14 Pages

19 July 2025

The paper oresents the analytical construction of approximate solutions to the generalized Fisher–Kolmogorov equation in the complex domain. The existence and uniqueness of such solutions are established within an analytic domanin of the comple...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,246 Views
24 Pages

MMF-Gait: A Multi-Model Fusion-Enhanced Gait Recognition Framework Integrating Convolutional and Attention Networks

  • Kamrul Hasan,
  • Khandokar Alisha Tuhin,
  • Md Rasul Islam Bapary,
  • Md Shafi Ud Doula,
  • Md Ashraful Alam,
  • Md Atiqur Rahman Ahad and
  • Md. Zasim Uddin

19 July 2025

Gait recognition is a reliable biometric approach that uniquely identifies individuals based on their natural walking patterns. It is widely used to recognize individuals who are challenging to camouflage and do not require a person’s cooperati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
713 Views
33 Pages

19 July 2025

We propose a novel approach for clustering problem, which refers to as Graph Regularized Orthogonal Subspace Non Negative Matrix Factorization (GNMFOS). This type of model introduces both graph regularization and orthogonality as penalty terms into t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,454 Views
32 Pages

A New Exponentiated Power Distribution for Modeling Censored Data with Applications to Clinical and Reliability Studies

  • Kenechukwu F. Aforka,
  • H. E. Semary,
  • Sidney I. Onyeagu,
  • Harrison O. Etaga,
  • Okechukwu J. Obulezi and
  • A. S. Al-Moisheer

18 July 2025

This paper presents the exponentiated power shanker (EPS) distribution, a fresh three-parameter extension of the standard Shanker distribution with the ability to extend a wider class of data behaviors, from right-skewed and heavy-tailed phenomena. T...

  • Article
  • Open Access
577 Views
22 Pages

18 July 2025

Precisely deciding potential suppliers enables companies to engage with high-caliber partners that fulfill their strategic development requirements, bolster their core competitiveness, and foster sustainable market growth. To mitigate the challenges...

  • Article
  • Open Access
849 Views
24 Pages

HE/MPC-Based Scheme for Secure Computing LCM/GCD and Its Application to Federated Learning

  • Xin Liu,
  • Xinyuan Guo,
  • Dan Luo,
  • Lanying Liang,
  • Wei Ye,
  • Yuchen Zhang,
  • Baohua Zhang,
  • Yu Gu and
  • Yu Guo

18 July 2025

Federated learning promotes the development of cross-domain intelligent applications under the premise of protecting data privacy, but there are still problems of sensitive parameter information leakage of multi-party data temporal alignment and reso...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
827 Views
21 Pages

18 July 2025

When faced with diverse types of image tampering and image quality degradation in real-world scenarios, traditional image tampering localization methods often struggle to balance boundary accuracy and robustness. To address these issues, this paper p...

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Symmetry - ISSN 2073-8994