Cancers, Volume 17, Issue 23

Introduction: Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) with [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE is effective in treating advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs), yet predicting individual response in this treatment remains a challenge due to inter-lesion heterogen...

Background: Regulatory T cells (FOXP3⁺), checkpoint signaling (PD-1), and inhibitory B-cell signaling (CD32B/FCGR2B) may shape recurrence risk after resection of lung adenocarcinoma, but small, stage-heterogeneous cohorts complicate inference. Method...

Background: For very-rare cancers such as pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL), center-level case volume is uniformly low, rendering the traditional volume–outcome paradigm uninformative. This study examines whether cancer programs’...

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, primarily due to distant metastasis [...]

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a biologically heterogeneous malignancy accounting for 3% of adult cancers globally. Despite advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapies, durable disea...

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) features aggressive progression and a complex immunosuppressive microenvironment, contributing to poor patient prognosis and highlighting the need to identify key molecular drivers. The actin&...

Background/Objectives: The association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and extraesophageal malignancies remains unclear. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the relationship between GERD and these cancers. Methods: PubMed, Emba...

The abstract has been submitted for presentation to the AANS 2026 meeting being held in San Antonio, TX, USA. Introduction: Oligodendrogliomas are an uncommon subset of gliomas that are molecularly defined by 1p/19q codeletion in the setting of an is...

Background: Lung cancer (LC) is a complex-to-treat disease and remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Methods: Our aim was to investigate the prognostic role of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR),...

Background/Objective: The objective was to evaluate the standalone performance of an AI system, Transpara 1.7.1 (ScreenPoint Medical), in screening mammography cases proceeding to stereotactic biopsy using histopathological results as ground truth. M...

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to characterize dendritic cell (DC) heterogeneity, immune associations, and prognostic relevance across three TP53-mutated tumor entities—high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), triple-negative breast c...

Background/Objectives: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15 to 20% of breast cancer cases and contributes to a disproportionate 35% of breast cancer deaths. Its resistance to chemotherapy presents a significant challenge. Methods: We...

Background: Commissioning of ‘joint care’ across teenage and young adult (TYA) principal treatment centres (PTC) and regional designated hospitals was introduced to enable cancer care closer to home, while providing support through the TY...

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone mainly produced by the kidney. EPO stimulates red blood cell production in response to hypoxia. EPO represents one of the most compelling paradoxes in medical oncology. For decades, recombinant EPO has been prescribe...

Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide and continues to be a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Precise staging is crucial for predicting outcomes and directing treatment decisions. Current international guid...

Background/Objectives: Germline BRCA1 mutations account for ~15–20% of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) cases. While most are small sequence variants, structural rearrangements also contribute significantly to the pathogenic landscap...

Liver transplantation (LT) is a curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, lifelong immunosuppressive therapy required to prevent graft rejection inevitably compromises antitumor immunity, thereby increasing the risk of HCC recur...

Background/Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the predominant form of liver cancer, ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. With the shift from viral hepatitis to metabolically dysfunction-associated steatosis li...

Background: The Canady Helios Cold Plasma (CHCP) system is a non-thermal, non-contact cold atmospheric plasma technology that generates transient electric fields and reactive species capable of disrupting cancer cell membranes. This study investigate...

To contrast the COVID-19 pandemic brought by the corona virus SARS-CoV-2, two mRNA-based anti-COVID-19 vaccines (by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) were made available relatively quickly and deployed worldwide based on an emergency approval. Being consi...

Background: Healthcare policy in the United Kingdom recognizes that teenagers and young adults (TYA:16–24 years at diagnosis) require specialist care. In England, Principal Treatment Centers (PTCs) exist, delivering enhanced care exclusively wi...

Background/Objectives: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis and complex diagnostic pathways. Pulmonologists often play a central role in its initial recognition and investigation. This narrative revie...

Background: Pericardial mesothelioma (PM) is an extremely rare cancer with a poor prognosis and no consensus on diagnostic and therapeutic management. We conducted a registry-based study on PM cases in Italy diagnosed between 1993 and 2021. Methods:...

Background: Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) represents approximately 70–75% of newly diagnosed bladder cancers and is characterized by high recurrence rates despite guideline-based management. Chronic urinary retention and bladder ou...

Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a rare and aggressive cancer. Standard of care for unresectable disease consists of chemotherapy, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition, immunotherapy, or combinations thereof. Despite recent therapeutic advances,...

Ovarian cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in the United States. This complex disease arises from tissues such as the ovarian surface epithelium, fallopian tube epithelium, endometrium, or ectopic Müllerian co...

Background/Objectives: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and lung cancer (LC) are major global health challenges that share several pathogenic mechanisms despite their distinct clinical features. PF leads to progressive fibrotic remodeling and respiratory decl...

Background/Objectives: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) remain a therapeutic challenge due to their limited response to radiation and conventional chemotherapies. While recent advances in immunotherapy have improved outcomes in several cancers, these strat...

Background/Objectives: Melanomas may develop de novo or in association with a pre-existing nevus (nevus-associated melanoma, NAM). Whether these subtypes differ in their clinical and biological behavior remains uncertain. We aimed to compare the clin...

Background/Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the oncological safety and outcomes of minimally invasive versus open interval debulking surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer, addressing whether l...

Background/Objectives: Insulinomas are rare insulin-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (pNETs). Preoperative tumour localisation can usually be achieved by computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, or positron emission tomography...

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy for T1-2 stage III colorectal cancer, a disease with a low recurrence rate. Methods: The efficacies of fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy (5FU group) and ox...

Background: Large-scale data on the diagnostic performance of functional imaging in metastatic pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) are scarce. Objective: To analyze the diagnostic accuracy of functional imaging for the assessment of metastases duri...

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulatory molecules that have multifaceted impacts on the carcinogenic molecular landscape—with pathologic consequences when aberrantly expressed. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rapidly prog...

Background and Objective: Prostate cancer remains one of the most prevalent and potentially lethal malignancies among men worldwide, and timely and accurate diagnosis, along with the stratification of patients by disease severity, is critical for per...

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) tumors during pregnancy are rare but present significant diagnostic, therapeutic, and ethical challenges. These include both primary and metastatic lesions, which share overlapping clinical features and manage...

Background/Objectives: High-grade gliomas (HGGs), including glioblastomas, are among the most aggressive brain tumors due to their high intratumoral heterogeneity and extensive infiltration. Glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) frequently invade along white...

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies. An unmet need exists for reliable biomarkers and in vitro models capable of predicting patient drug response to advance personalized medicine. Traditional models fail to...

Radiotherapy remains a central component of cancer therapy that induces DNA damage and cancer cell death. Beyond its cytotoxic effects, radiotherapy acts as a potent immunomodulator by releasing immunogenic molecules, inflammatory mediators, and neoa...

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) constitute a class of non-coding RNAs traditionally associated with ribosomal RNA modification. However, recent research has revealed that these molecules participate in a wide range of cellular processes with significa...

Background/Objectives: Accurate intraoperative margin assessment is essential for ensuring complete tumour excision in breast-conserving surgery, minimising local recurrence, and avoiding reoperations. Ex vivo fusion confocal microscopy (EVFCM) provi...

Osteosarcoma (OSA) is an aggressive primary bone cancer mainly affecting the pediatric population. Despite intensive multimodal treatments, therapeutic progress has remained limited for decades, resulting in high recurrence rates, poor prognosis driv...

Background/Objectives: This study presents and explores the potential of Updated Bayesian Deduction (UBD) using colorectal cancer (CRC) detection and prioritisation as a case example. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related morta...

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) presents a significant clinical challenge due to its high heterogeneity and limited treatment efficacy, creating an urgent need for reliable prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. Integrating funct...

Despite the advent and growth of endoscopic and nephron-sparing management approaches, the mainstay treatment for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in 2025 remains radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). Classic teaching, largely derived from the ben...

Background/Objectives: The genitourinary microbiome and metabolome may contribute to prostate cancer (PC) biology, but evidence remains limited. This pilot study characterizes the urinary microbiota and volatilome in men with PC and investigates micr...

Background/Objectives: There is growing interest in the gut microbiome’s role in cancer, particularly its influence on prostate cancer therapy. This review explores how the gut microbiota modulates treatment outcomes and how prostate cancer the...

Background: Metabolic instability, encompassing fluctuations in body weight, glucose, insulin, and sex hormones, may create a pro-inflammatory and proliferative endometrial microenvironment even in women with normal BMI. Methods: A systematic literat...

Background: Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a mature T-cell lymphoma linked to textured breast implants. A leading hypothesis suggests that chronic inflammation, combined with immunological and genetic factors,...

Background: Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is a rare malignancy primarily treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT). This study evaluated outcomes and the prognostic value of simple hematologic indices in patients receiving modern image-guided CRT. M...