Trees’ structural defects are responsible for the reduction in forest product quality and the accident of tree collapse under extreme environmental conditions. Although the manual view inspection for assessing tree health condition is reliable,...
Traditional inventories require large investments of resources and a trained workforce to measure tree sizes and characteristics that affect wood quality and value, such as the presence of defects and damages. Handheld light detection and ranging (Li...
In China, preserving historic trees and ancient timber structures has attracted more attention from researchers and institutions. Nondestructive testing (NDT) technology has gained momentum in the application and research in recent years. This paper...
Incidence rates of tree damage are increasing because of the increased intensity and frequency of abnormal climate events such as strong winds and heavy rains. Structural defects inside trees are difficult to detect by visual inspection; therefore, i...
Internal decay and cavities in wood are known to reduce the structural functionality of trees. Such damage may lead to detrimental effects not only on the wood, but also on humans. This is especially the case with old, large trees that are more vulne...
The most severe partial discharges and main insulation failures of 10 kV cross-linked polyethylene cables occur at the joint due to defects caused by various factors during the manufacturing and installation processes. The electric field distortion i...
The identification of defects in apple leaf specimens is crucial for mitigating crop loss and maintaining harvest quality. This study investigates the applicability of an intensity detection simulation-integrated optical cross-sectional modeling meth...
Successful conservation through monitoring of ecosystems and species, which entails the quantification of disturbances at the ecosystem, species, and population levels, presents significant challenges. Given the pivotal role of this information in fo...
Compression wood (CW) negatively affects the industrial quality of Pinus taeda by causing distortion in sawn boards and is visually characterized by a darker reddish colour. Thinning is considered a key factor influencing its formation, but the repor...
To address the limitation of existing static defect detection methods in capturing code semantics and structural relationships—which leads to incomplete feature representation—we propose a multimodal feature fusion approach for source cod...
Aggressive fungal and insect attacks have reached an alarming level, threatening a variety of tree species, such as ash and oak trees, in the United Kingdom and beyond. In this context, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has proven to be an effective non...
Rail surface inspection plays a pivotal role in large-scale railway construction and development. However, accurately identifying possible defects involving a large variety of visual appearances and their dynamic illuminations remains challenging. In...
A tree skeleton reflects the geometric and structural characteristics of a tree. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) provides an effective means to construct tree skeletons that can capture the surface and topological features of trees. However, it is d...
Natural disasters and warfare lead to the destruction of city buildings and infrastructure, leaving large numbers of people homeless. The rebuilding of destroyed cities needs to be carried out promptly while maintaining a balance between construction...
Taking methanol production as an example, the concept of “ontology” is introduced to construct a safety knowledge ontology, and a safety information knowledge base is created with the help of the Protégé software. These can...
Stress wave technology is very suitable for detecting internal defects of standing trees, logs, and wood and has gradually become the mainstream technology in this research field. Usually, 12 sensors are positioned equidistantly around the cross-sect...
This paper focuses on building a non-invasive, low-cost sensor that can be fitted over tree trunks growing in a semiarid land environment. It also proposes a new definition that characterizes tree trunks’ water retention capabilities mathematic...
A reliable inspection of the tree trunk internal defects is often considered vital in the health condition assessment for the living tree. There has been a desire to reconstruct the internal structure quantitatively using a non-destructive testing te...
Defect pattern analysis of wafer bin maps (WBMs) is an important means of identifying process problems. Recently, automated analysis methods using machine learning or deep learning have been studied as alternatives to manual classification by enginee...
As a key accessory of high-voltage (HV) insulated submarine cable, the factory joints of the cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) represent an unpredictable uncertainty in cable-connecting fabrications by means of the extruded molding joint (EMJ) techniq...
This study investigated the effect of the number of sensors (8, 12, 16, and 20) on the measurement results of stress wave velocity in two-dimensional acoustic tomography of Hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii Sweet) trees and evaluated the method&rsquo...
To assess the health conditions of tree trunks, it is necessary to estimate the layers and anomalies of their internal structure. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the internal part of tree trunks considering their irregular contour....
This work adopted a green synthesis route using cashew tree gum as a mediating agent to obtain Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles through the sol–gel method. Structural analysis confirmed the formation of the hexagonal wurtzite phase and distortions in...
Reliable, non-destructive grading of fresh fruit requires simultaneous assessment of external morphology and hidden internal defects. Camera-based grading of fresh fruit using colorimetric (RGB) and near-infrared (NIR) imaging often misses subsurface...
Structural deterioration inevitably leads to defects in buildings. It is primarily caused by environmental exposure, material ageing, and long-term service conditions, whereas defects such as poor soil compaction arise from improper construction prac...
Functional designs of nanostructured materials seek to exploit the potential of complex morphologies and disorder. In this context, the spin dynamics in disordered antiferromagnetic materials present a significant challenge due to induced geometric f...
Early software defect prediction research primarily relied on software metric features. However, such features struggle to fully capture semantic information in source code. Consequently, methods based on semantic features have gradually become mains...
Plantaginaceae, consisting of 12 tribes, is a diverse, cosmopolitan family. To date, the inter-tribal relationships of this family have been unresolved, and the plastome structure and composition within Plantaginaceae have seldom been comprehensively...
In this work, the dynamics of a quantum walker on glued trees is revisited to understand the influence of the architecture of the graph on the efficiency of the transfer between the two roots. Instead of considering regular binary trees, we focus our...
Minor physical damage can reduce the insulation performance of epoxy resin, which seriously threatens the reliability of electrical equipment. In this paper, the epoxy resin insulating composite was prepared by a microcapsule system to achieve its se...
In the aeronautics sector, aircraft parts are inspected during manufacture, assembly and service, to detect defects eventually present. Defects can be of different types, sizes and orientations, appearing in materials presenting a complex structure....
Logs, recording the system runtime information, are frequently used to ensure software system reliability. As the first and foremost step of typical log analysis, many data-driven methods have been proposed for automated log parsing. Most existing lo...
Multi-layer conductive structures, especially those with features like bolt holes, are vulnerable to hidden corrosion and cracking, posing a serious threat to equipment integrity. Early defect detection is vital for implementing effective maintenance...
Network layer multicast research is an important field of network research that requires simulators or emulators to support Software-Defined Networking (SDN) as well as to provide a specific structure at the network layer to facilitate packet forward...
Two models with a wax module tree structure were employed for directional solidification simulation. An experimental alloy of a second-generation nickel-based single-crystal superalloy, DD5, was set for this investigation. The temperature gradient va...
The foundation of machine learning is to enable computers to automatically solve certain problems. One of the main tools for achieving this goal is genetic programming (GP), which was developed from the genetic algorithm to expand its scope in machin...
Timely maintenance of road pavements is crucial to ensure optimal performance. The accurate prediction of trends in pavement defects enables more efficient allocation of funds, leading to a safer, higher-quality road network. This article systematica...
We study the topological defects and spin structures of rotating SU(3) spin–orbit-coupled spin F=1 Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) in an in-plane quadrupole field with ferromagnetic spin interaction, and the BECs is confined by a harmoni...
Reinforced concrete (RC) structures are used in a wide range of applications, including high-rise buildings, nuclear power plants, oil and gas platforms, bridges, and other infrastructure. However, over time, RC structures can be subject to deteriora...
Eukaryotic cilia are microtubule-based organelles that protrude from the cell surface to fulfill sensory and motility functions. Their basic structure consists of an axoneme templated by a centriole/basal body. Striking differences in ciliary ultra-s...
This study assessed the health risks of date palms in Taiwan with aerial root growth using visual tree assessment and minimally invasive testing. The phenomenon of aerial root growth on the outer side of the trunk is presumed to be a growth response...
Crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) has been the cornerstone material in the power industry for insulating high-voltage cables due to its exceptional properties, including reduced dielectric loss, high dielectric constant and thermal conductivity, and ex...
Program dependence analysis plays a fundamental role in program comprehension, software maintenance, and defect detection. However, existing static approaches—such as those based on Program Dependence Graphs or Abstract Syntax Trees—strug...
This study focuses on investigating and predicting two hidden structures: plant root system architecture and non-visible bubbles in plexiglass. Current approaches are damaging, expensive, or time-consuming. Infrared imaging was used to study the root...
Process automation utilizes specialized technology and equipment to automate and enhance production processes, leading to higher manufacturing efficiency, higher productivity, and cost savings. The aluminum die casting industry has significantly gain...
Wood material is the foundation of wood structure architecture, and its production technology and equipment technology decide the development and upgrading of modern wood structure architecture. Aiming at the problems of low automation degree, low ma...
Holm oak (Quercus ilex) is considered to be one of the major structural elements of Mediterranean forests and the agrosilvopastoral Spanish “dehesa”, making it an outstanding example of ecological and socioeconomic sustainability in fores...
The first goal of this paper is to verify the accuracy of four calculation methods of log volume. The tool to achieve this goal is to compare the results of the calculation of the log volume with the real log volume obtained from the three-dimensiona...
A serious accident might occur as a direct result of a defective component or system, especially at an automated vehicle. The objective of this study is to establish a fault analysis methodology that can effectively improve the reliability of electri...
It is well known that path planning has always been an important study area for intelligent ships, especially for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs). Therefore, it is necessary to study the path-planning algorithm for USVs. As one of the basic algorith...
of 2