The sixth generation of mobile networks (6G) has the potential to revolutionize the way we communicate, interact, and use information for machine-to-machine (M2M) communication in Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0, while also improving coverage in places...
To discuss the invariance properties of a sixth-order generalized time-fractional Sawada-Kotera equation, on the basis of the Riemann-Liouville derivative, the Lie point symmetry and symmetry reductions are derived. Then the power series theory is us...
In this study, we will discuss the engineering construction of a special sixth generation (6G) antenna, based on the fractal called Minkowski’s loop. The antenna has the shape of this known fractal, set at four iterations, to obtain maximum per...
The standardization activities of the fifth generation communications are clearly over and deployment has commenced globally. To sustain the competitive edge of wireless networks, industrial and academia synergy have begun to conceptualize the next g...
The fifth generation (5G) of wireless communication is in its finalization stage and has received favorable reception in many nations. However, research is now geared towards the anticipated sixth-generation (6G) wireless network. The new 6G promises...
The main aim of this paper is to use the properties of the trigonometric sums and character sums, and the number of the solutions of several symmetry congruence equations to research the computational problem of a certain sixth power mean of the gene...
The rapid evolution of drone technology has introduced unprecedented challenges in security, particularly concerning the threat of unconventional drone and swarm attacks. In order to deal with threats, drones need to be classified by intercepting the...
The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks is expected to revolutionize communication systems, transforming them into intelligent platforms that provide seamless connectivity and intelligent services....
In this paper, we present a new modelling method to create 3D models. First, characteristic cross section curves are generated and approximated by generalized elliptic curves. Then, a vector-valued sixth-order partial differential equation is propose...
Wireless networks have gained significant attention and importance in healthcare as various medical devices such as mobile devices, sensors, and remote monitoring equipment must be connected to communication networks. In order to provide advanced med...
The intensive deployment of sixth-generation (6G) base stations is expected to greatly enhance network service capabilities, offering significantly higher throughput and lower latency compared to previous generations. However, this advancement is acc...
Modern wireless networks are rapidly advancing through research into novel applications that push the boundaries of information and communication systems to satisfy the increasing user demand. To facilitate this process, the development of communicat...
To meet the performance goals of fifth generation (5G) and future sixth generation (6G) optical wireless communication (OWC) and sensing systems, we seek to develop low-cost, reliable, compact lasers capable of sourcing 5–20 Gb/s (ideally up to 100 G...
Terahertz (THz) communication is a key technology for sixth-generation (6G) networks, offering ultra-high data rates, low latency, and massive connectivity. However, the THz band faces significant propagation challenges, including high path loss, mol...
With the dramatic increase in the number of mobile users and wireless devices accessing the network, the performance of fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems has been severely challenged. Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has re...
Handover (HO) management plays a key role in ensuring uninterrupted connectivity across evolving wireless networks. While previous generations such as 4G and 5G have introduced several HO strategies, these techniques are insufficient to meet the rigo...
Rapid advancements in the development of smart terminals and infrastructure, coupled with a wide range of applications with complex requirements, are creating traffic demands that current networks may not be able to fully handle. Accordingly, the stu...
The blockchain-based searchable symmetric encryption (SSE) scheme allows the retrieval and verification of outsourced data on cloud servers in sixth generation (6G) networks while ensuring the privacy of data. However, existing schemes are challengin...
The fifth generation achieved tremendous success, which brings high hopes for the next generation, as evidenced by the sixth generation (6G) key performance indicators, which include ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC), extremely high da...
Maritime communication networks are critical for supporting the increasing demands of oceanic and coastal activities, including shipping, fishing, and offshore operations. However, traditional systems face significant challenges in providing reliable...
To mitigate the degradation of positioning accuracy in sixth-generation mobile communication systems under dynamic line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions, this paper proposes an improved adaptive Kalman filter positioning method...
The sixth generation (6G) wireless technology aims to achieve global connectivity with environmentally sustainable networks to improve the overall quality of life. The driving force behind these networks is the rapid evolution of the Internet of Thin...
The evolution towards sixth-generation (6G) networks requires new architecture enhancements to support the broad device ecosystem, comprising users, machines, autonomous vehicles, and Internet-of-things devices. Moreover, high heterogeneity in the de...
Drones have attracted extensive attention for their environmental, civil, and military applications. Because of their low cost and flexibility in deployment, drones with communication capabilities are expected to play key important roles in Fifth Gen...
Multi-access edge computing (MEC) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) are regarded as promising technologies to improve the computation capability and offloading efficiency of mobile devices in the sixth-generation (6G) mobile system. This pape...
The roadside unit (RSU) is one of the fundamental components in a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), where a vehicle communicates in infrastructure mode. The RSU has multiple functions, including the sharing of emergency messages and the updating of v...
Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has the ability to overcome the challenges of the wireless environment like random fluctuations, shadowing, and mobility in an energy efficient way when compared...
Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) systems have emerged as a key component for Sixth Generation (6G) networks, enhancing resource efficiency and enabling diverse applications. Currently, ISAC systems have been recognized as a leading trend f...
Sixth-generation (6G) communication systems, with ultra-wide bands, energy-autonomous end nodes, and dense connectivity, challenge existing network designs. Optimizing time resources with energy harvesting, backscatter communication, and relays is es...
The Cooperative-Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) require emerging Vehicular-to-Everything (V2X) applications, such as Advanced Driving Systems (ADS) and Connected Autonomous Driving (CAD), to support efficient road safety measures. These applica...
Visible light communication (VLC) is one of the key technologies for the sixth generation (6G) to support the connection and throughput of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Furthermore, VLC channel modeling is the foundation for designing eff...
This study introduces a numerically efficient iterative solver for computing the Drazin generalized inverse, addressing a critical need for high-performance methods in matrix computations. The proposed two-step scheme achieves sixth-order convergence...
The investigation into potential hazards linked with millimeter-wave (mmWave) radiation is crucial, given the widespread adoption of body-centric wireless sensor nodes operating within this frequency band. This is particularly pertinent in light of i...
In this paper, we propose a novel system integrating reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) with cognitive radio (CR) technology, presenting a forward-looking solution aligned with the evolving standards of 6G and beyond networks. The proposed RI...
In recent decades, wireless power transfer (WPT) has gained significant interest from both academic and industrial experts. It possesses natural electrical isolation between transmitter and receiver components, ensuring a secure charging mechanism in...
This paper examines the quantitative and qualitative situation of the current fixed and mobile Internet and its expected future. It provides a detailed insight into the past, present, and future of the Internet along with the development of technolog...
Multi-access edge computing (MEC) is a key technology in the fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks. MEC optimizes communication and computation resources by hosting the application process close to the user equipment (UE) in network edges. The key...
The massive growth of mobile users will spread to significant numbers of small cells for the Fifth Generation (5G) mobile network, which will overlap the fourth generation (4G) network. A tremendous increase in handover (HO) scenarios and HO rates wi...
A large number of stone blocks, stacked up in diminishing size to form pagodas, was discovered in northern China, primarily eastern Gansu and southeastern Shanxi. Their stylistic traits and inscriptions indicate the popularity of the practice of maki...
Next-generation wireless communication networks are developing across the world day by day; this requires high data rate transportation over the systems. Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) spectrum with terahertz (THz) bands is a promising solution for next-g...
Enhancing energy efficiency, content distribution, latency, and transmission speeds are vital components of communication systems. Multiple access methods hold great promise for boosting these performance indicators. This manuscript evaluates the eff...
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a potential technology to support high network density, while satisfying the quality of service (QoS) demands. To maximize the attainable sum rate of individual users and minimize outage, the power allocation...
The capabilities of 6G networks surpass those of existing networks, aiming to enable seamless connectivity between all entities and users at any given time. A critical aspect of achieving enhanced and ubiquitous mobile broadband, as promised by 6G ne...
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) and massive multiple input and multiple output (M-MIMO) are the two major enabling technologies for next-generation networks, capable of providing spectral efficiency (SE), energy efficiency (EE), array gain,...
This paper is concerned with establishing novel expressions that express the derivative of any order of the orthogonal polynomials, namely, Chebyshev polynomials of the sixth kind in terms of Chebyshev polynomials themselves. We will prove that these...
Fifth-generation (5G) advancements improve transmitter and receiver functionalities, but the propagation environment remains uncontrolled. By changing the phase of impinging waves, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have the potential to regul...
The recent upsurge of smart cities’ applications and their building blocks in terms of the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), federated and distributed learning, big data analytics, blockchain, and edge-cloud computing has...
Ultra-low-power is a key performance indicator in 6G-IoT ecosystems. Sensor nodes in this eco-system are also capable of running light-weight artificial intelligence (AI) models. In this work, we have achieved high performance in a gas sensor system...
This study analyzes the observed patterns of Generative Artificial Intelligence (Generative AI) use by students in higher education through the lens of the sociotechnical systems (STS) theory, focusing on the academic subsystem. The empirical basis i...
Purpose: Untreated early childhood caries (ECC) adversely affect children’s quality of life. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of ECC on growth, development, and quality of life. Design and Methods: A total of 95 children were divided into th...
of 13