rDNA is abundant in various organisms, typically expressed as conserved tandem repeats. It plays a crucial role in ribosome synthesis, gene transcription, and expression, and it affects the occurrence of diseases in both animals and plants, aging, pr...
In human cells, each rDNA unit consists of the ~13 kb long ribosomal part and ~30 kb long intergenic spacer (IGS). The ribosomal part, transcribed by RNA polymerase I (pol I), includes genes coding for 18S, 5.8S, and 28S RNAs of the ribosomal particl...
In human cells, ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is arranged in ten clusters of multiple tandem repeats. Each repeat is usually described as consisting of two parts: the 13 kb long ribosomal part, containing three genes coding for 18S, 5.8S and 28S RNAs of the r...
Although Crepis was the first model plant group in which chromosomal changes were considered to play an important role in speciation, their chromosome structure and evolution have been barely investigated using molecular cytogenetic methods. The aim...
In this study, droplet digital PCR and deep bisulfite sequencing were used to study the absolute and active rDNA copy number (CN) and the effect of paternal age on human and mouse sperm. The absolute CN ranged from 98 to 404 (219 ± 47) in huma...
Sugarcane is a major crop for sugar production around the world. The complexity of the sugarcane genome creates challenges for the use of both conventional and molecular breeding methods to improve sugarcane at a genetic level. DNA sequencing is an i...
Genes encoding ribosomal RNA (rDNA) are essential for cell survival and are particularly sensitive to factors leading to genomic instability. Their repetitive character makes them prone to inappropriate recombinational events arising from collision o...
The evolution of chromosome number and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) loci number and localisation were studied in Onobrychis Mill. Diploid and tetraploid species, as well as two basic chromosome numbers, x = 7 and x = 8, were observed among analysed taxa. The...
We report on a major update to the animal rDNA loci database, which now contains cytogenetic information for 45S and 5S rDNA loci in more than 2600 and 1000 species, respectively. The data analyses show the following: (i) A high variability in 5S and...
Meloidae are commonly known as blister beetles, so called for the secretion of cantharidin, a toxic substance that causes irritation and blistering. There has been a recent increase in the interest of the cantharidin anticancer potential of this inse...
The molecular classification of Acanthamoeba is currently based on the analysis of 18S rDNA sequences, delimiting around twenty genotypes (T1–T23). In some cases, however, the resolution of 18S is limited, and other genetic markers could be use...
Both absolute and presumably active rDNA (with a hypomethylated promoter region) copy number (CN) in the haploid human sperm genome are highly variable among individuals. Using a combination of droplet digital PCR and deep bisulfite sequencing, we ha...
Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is an excellent cytogenetic marker owing to its tandem arrangement and high copy numbers. However, comparative studies have focused more on the number of rDNA site variations within the Chrysanthemum genus, and studies on the typ...
Sponges (Porifera, Spongillida) make up the bulk of the benthic biomass in Lake Baikal and are represented by the family Lubomirskiidae, a collection of endemic species, and several species of the cosmopolitan family Spongillidae. We conducted an ana...
The identification and classification of strains of Acanthamoeba, a potentially pathogenic ubiquitous free-living amoeba, are largely based on the analysis of 18S rDNA sequences, currently delineating 23 genotypes, T1 to T23. In this study, the seque...
The keystone of ribosome biogenesis is the transcription of 45S rDNA. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains hundreds of 45S rDNA units; however, they are not all transcribed. Notably, 45S rDNA units contain insertions/deletions revealing the exist...
While nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA (nSSU rDNA) is the most commonly-used gene marker in studying phylogeny, ecology, abundance, and biodiversity of microbial eukaryotes, mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA (mtSSU rDNA) provides an altern...
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), the non-Mendelian transfer of genetic material between organisms, is relatively frequent in prokaryotes, whereas its extent among eukaryotes remains unclear. Here, we raise the hypothesis of a possible cross-phylum HGT...
Many years have passed since micronuclei were first observed then accepted as an indicator of the effect of mutagens. However, the possible mechanisms of their formation and elimination from the cell are still not fully understood. Various stresses,...
In the vast majority of Animalia genomes, the 5S rRNA gene repeats are located on chromosomes outside of the 45S rDNA arrays of the nucleolar organiser (NOR). We analysed the genomic databases available and found that a 5S rDNA sequence is inserted i...
Despite the widely accepted involvement of DNA methylation in the regulation of rDNA transcription, the relative participation of different cytosine methylation pathways is currently described only for a few model plants. Using PacBio, Bisulfite, and...
In this article, we analyzed the origin of wild polyploid oats (Avena L., Poaceae) using the region 18S rDNA (partially)–ITS1–5.8S rDNA obtained via NGS. There are six tetraploid (2n = 28) and four hexaploid (2n = 42) wild species differi...
The expression of clusters of rDNA genes influences pluripotency; however, the underlying mechanisms are not yet known. These clusters shape inter-chromosomal contacts with numerous genes controlling differentiation in human and Drosophila cells. Thi...
5S rDNA is organized as a cluster of tandemly repeated monomers that consist of the conservative 120 bp coding part and non-transcribed spacers (NTSs) with different lengths and sequences among different species. The polymorphism in the 5S rDNA NTSs...
Small noncoding RNAs of different origins and classes play several roles in the regulation of gene expression. Here, we show that diverged and rearranged fragments of rDNA units are scattered throughout the human genome and that endogenous small nonc...
Human rDNA clusters form numerous contacts with different chromosomal regions as evidenced by chromosome conformation capture data. Heterochromatization of rDNA genes leads to heterochromatization in different chromosomal regions coupled with the act...
In recent years, the purple-fleshed sweet potato has attracted more attention because of its high nutritional value. The cytogenetics of this crop is relatively unexplored, limiting our knowledge on its genetic diversity. Therefore, we conducted cyto...
Background: Interspecific hybridization between relative species Cobitis taenia (with a diploid genome designated as TT), Cobitis elongatoides (EE) and Cobitis tanaitica (NN) and the successive polyploidization with transitions from sexuality to asex...
Ribosomal DNA is one of the most conserved parts of the genome, especially in its rRNA coding regions, but some puzzling pieces of its noncoding repetitive sequences harbor secrets of cell growth and development machinery. Disruptions in the neat mec...
Chromosomes are organized into 3D structures that are important for the regulation of gene expression and differentiation. Important role in formation of inter-chromosome contacts play rDNA clusters that make up nucleoli. In the course of differentia...
Identification of the causative pathogen is required to optimize the effective therapy in infective endocarditis (IE). The aim of this study was to assess a 16S rDNA PCR to identify bacteria from heart valve tissues and to evaluate its usefulness as...
Long-term cultivation of Panax ginseng cell lines leads to a decreasing synthesis of the biologically active substances used in traditional medicine. To gain insight into the cellular mechanisms which may influence this process, we analyzed variation...
Background/Objectives: Sites of ribosomal RNA genes are the most widely documented regions of chromosomes in various groups of eukaryotes, including insects. Data on the number and chromosomal location of 45S rDNAs (25S, 5.8S, and 18S rDNA) are activ...
Metabarcoding and high-throughput sequencing methods have greatly improved our understanding of protist diversity. Although the V4 region of small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU-V4 rDNA) is the most widely used marker in DNA metabarcoding of eukaryotic m...
Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria is one of the most common and significant diseases in goats, leading to serious economic losses in the development of the goat industry. Although several genetic loci, such as 18S rDNA, ITS-1, ITS-2, and COI, have been a...
Endogenous hot spots of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are tightly linked with transcription patterns and cancer. There are nine hot spots of DSBs (denoted Pleiades) in human rDNA units that are located exclusively inside the intergenic spacer (IGS)...
Commiphora wightii is an endangered, endemic species found in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan, India and adjoining areas of Pakistan. The populations of this plant are rapidly dwindling due to overexploitation for their medicinally important resin. Anal...
The Elaeagnus L. species are trees and bushes that mainly grow in temperate zones of Western Europe; Minor, Central, and Southeast Asia; the Far East; and North America. Some species are used as fruit or ornamental plants and have economic value. Pro...
Background: For the past 25 years, the ITS rDNA (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of Gyrodactylidae has been crucial for species identification, description, and phylogeny. This family includes 25 genera parasitizing marine and freshwater fish, initially distinguishe...
The ribosomal DNA and pericentromeric satellite repeats are two important types of moderately repeated sequences existing in the human genome. They are functionally involved in the universal stress response. There is accumulating evidence that the co...
The actions of Eli Lilly-rDNA glucagon and Novo Nordisk-rDNA glucagon on glycogen catabolism and related parameters were investigated using the bivascularly perfused rat liver. The technique allows glucagon to be supplied to a selective portion of th...
In an open field trial on two agricultural soils in NW Italy, the impact of two seed-applied biostimulants on the rhizosphere bacterial community of young maize plants was evaluated. The 16S rDNA profiling was carried out on control and treated plant...
In China, premature rupture of membranes (PROM) counts as a major pregnancy complication in China and usually results into adverse pregnancy outcomes. We analysed the vagina microbiome composition using 16S rDNA V3–V4 amplicon sequencing techno...
Tamarins are a distinct group of small sized New World monkeys with complex phylogenetic relationships and poorly studied cytogenetic traits. In this study, we applied molecular cytogenetic analyses by fluorescence in situ hybridization with probes s...
Different developmental genes shape frequent dynamic inter-chromosomal contacts with rDNA units in human and Drosophila cells. In the course of differentiation, changes in these contacts occur, coupled with changes in the expression of hundreds of rD...
Background/Objectives: Segmental duplications (SDs) are major drivers of genome evolution and structural variation in primates, particularly within acrocentric chromosomes, where rDNA arrays and duplicated sequences are densely clustered. However, th...
Within the Neoscytalidium genus, N. dimidiatum, N. oculus, N. orchidacearum, and N. novaehollandiae have been recognized. Although these species are frequently found in soil, N. dimidiatum has been identified as an etiologic agent of onychomycosis or...
The Bohai Sea is a semi-enclosed shallow water that is influenced by both natural and anthropogenic stressors. However, the microeukaryotic communities and environmental factors that affect them in different regions remain largely unclear. We investi...
Sfela is a white brined Greek cheese of protected designation of origin (PDO) produced in the Peloponnese region from ovine, caprine milk, or a mixture of the two. Despite the PDO status of Sfela, very few studies have addressed its properties, inclu...
Rapid and accurate detection of the causes of gastrointestinal diseases in farmed and companion animals is crucial for advancing livestock farming and safeguarding public health safety. Diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria infections often result i...
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