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128 Results Found

  • Communication
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,701 Views
13 Pages

A Portable Waterproof EEG Acquisition Device for Dolphins

  • Yanchao Yu,
  • Ni Li,
  • Yan Li and
  • Wentao Liu

11 May 2021

The acquisition and analysis of EEG signals of dolphins, a highly intelligent creature, has always been a focus of the research of bioelectric signals. Prevailing cable-connected devices cannot be adapted to data acquisition very well when dolphins a...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
11,269 Views
28 Pages

Recent Advances in Portable Dry Electrode EEG: Architecture and Applications in Brain-Computer Interfaces

  • Meihong Zhang,
  • Bocheng Qian,
  • Jianming Gao,
  • Shaokai Zhao,
  • Yibo Cui,
  • Zhiguo Luo,
  • Kecheng Shi and
  • Erwei Yin

21 August 2025

As brain–computer interface (BCI) technology continues to advance, research on human brain function has gradually transitioned from theoretical investigation to practical engineering applications. To support EEG signal acquisition in a variety...

  • Review
  • Open Access
5 Citations
11,187 Views
35 Pages

The Next Frontier in Brain Monitoring: A Comprehensive Look at In-Ear EEG Electrodes and Their Applications

  • Alexandra Stefania Mihai (Ungureanu),
  • Oana Geman,
  • Roxana Toderean,
  • Lucas Miron and
  • Sara SharghiLavan

25 May 2025

Electroencephalography (EEG) remains an essential method for monitoring brain activity, but the limitations of conventional systems due to the complexity of installation and lack of portability have led to the introduction and development of in-ear E...

  • Article
  • Open Access

Computational Analysis of EEG Responses to Anxiogenic Stimuli Using Machine Learning Algorithms

  • Felix-Constantin Adochiei,
  • Anamaria Ioniță,
  • Ioana-Raluca Adochiei,
  • Oana-Isabela Stirbu,
  • Gladiola Petroiu and
  • Florin Ciprian Argatu

2 February 2026

Anxiety disorders are commonly assessed using instruments such as HAM-A and GAD-7. These tools rely on patient self-report and clinician interpretation, which may introduce variability. This study proposes an EEG-based computational framework for est...

  • Article
  • Open Access
42 Citations
10,465 Views
20 Pages

19 February 2021

In this experiment, we operated within the novel research area of Informal Green Spaces (often called green wastelands), exploring emotional well-being with the employment of portable electroencephalography (EEG) devices. The apparatus (commercial EE...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,714 Views
31 Pages

Emotion recognition remains an intricate task at the crossroads of psychology and artificial intelligence, necessitating real-time, accurate discernment of implicit emotional states. Here, we introduce a pioneering wearable dual-modal device, synergi...

  • Letter
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,349 Views
9 Pages

EEG Fingerprints under Naturalistic Viewing Using a Portable Device

  • Matteo Fraschini,
  • Miro Meli,
  • Matteo Demuru,
  • Luca Didaci and
  • Luigi Barberini

17 November 2020

The electroencephalogram (EEG) has been proven to be a promising technique for personal identification and verification. Recently, the aperiodic component of the power spectrum was shown to outperform other commonly used EEG features. Beyond that, EE...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,735 Views
15 Pages

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a recording of comprehensive reflection of physiological brain activities. Because of many reasons, however, including noises of heartbeat artifacts and muscular movements, there are complex challenges for efficient EEG...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
4,445 Views
17 Pages

A Portable Wireless Device for Cyclic Alternating Pattern Estimation from an EEG Monopolar Derivation

  • Fábio Mendonça,
  • Sheikh Shanawaz Mostafa,
  • Fernando Morgado-Dias and
  • Antonio G. Ravelo-García

7 December 2019

Quality of sleep can be assessed by analyzing the cyclic alternating pattern, a long-lasting periodic activity that is composed of two alternate electroencephalogram patterns, which is considered to be a marker of sleep instability. Experts usually s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
7,207 Views
33 Pages

14 May 2025

Emotions play a pivotal role in shaping human decision-making, behavior, and physiological well-being. Electroencephalography (EEG)-based emotion recognition offers promising avenues for real-time self-monitoring and affective computing applications....

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,765 Views
3 Pages

The application of electroencephalography electrodes in Virtual Reality (VR) glasses allows users to relate cognitive, emotional, and social functions with the exposure to certain stimuli. The development of non-invasive portable devices, coupled wit...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,208 Views
48 Pages

Point-of-Care Electroencephalography in Acute Neurological Care: A Narrative Review

  • Roberto Fratangelo,
  • Francesco Lolli,
  • Maenia Scarpino and
  • Antonello Grippo

Point-of-care electroencephalography (POC-EEG) systems are rapid-access, reduced-montage devices designed to address the limitations of conventional EEG (conv-EEG), enabling faster neurophysiological assessment in acute settings. This review evaluate...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,028 Views
28 Pages

Background/Objectives: This study shows a lightweight hybrid framework based on a feedforward neural network using a single frontopolar electroencephalography channel, which is a practical configuration for wearable systems combining memory and a sle...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
760 Views
25 Pages

EEG-Based Assessment of Mental Fatigue in Students: A Systematic Review of Measurement Methods and Data Processing Protocols

  • Rosa Ayuso-Moreno,
  • Ana Rubio-Morales,
  • Alba Durán-Rufaco,
  • Tomás García-Calvo and
  • Inmaculada González-Ponce

25 December 2025

Mental fatigue significantly impairs student performance and learning outcomes, yet reliable neurophysiological assessment methods remain elusive in educational research. This systematic review examines electroencephalography (EEG) as an objective mo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
42 Citations
7,664 Views
21 Pages

It is important to maintain attention when carrying out significant daily-life tasks that require high levels of safety and efficiency. Since degradation of attention can sometimes have dire consequences, various brain activity measurement devices su...

  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
5,503 Views
17 Pages

25 January 2022

Recently, the use of portable electroencephalogram (EEG) devices to record brain signals in both health care monitoring and in other applications, such as fatigue detection in drivers, has been increased due to its low cost and ease of use. However,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,497 Views
24 Pages

Efficient Embedded System for Drowsiness Detection Based on EEG Signals: Features Extraction and Hardware Acceleration

  • Aymen Zayed,
  • Emanuel Trabes,
  • Jimmy Tarrillo,
  • Khaled Ben Khalifa and
  • Carlos Valderrama

Drowsiness detection is crucial for ensuring the safety of individuals engaged in high-risk activities. Numerous studies have explored drowsiness detection techniques based on EEG signals, but these have typically been validated on computers, which l...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
3,655 Views
19 Pages

21 January 2023

Background: Portable electroencephalogram (EEG) systems are often used in health care applications to record brain signals because their ease of use. An electrooculogram (EOG) is a common, low frequency, high amplitude artifact of the eye blink signa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
8,590 Views
23 Pages

Fiberless, Multi-Channel fNIRS-EEG System Based on Silicon Photomultipliers: Towards Sensitive and Ecological Mapping of Brain Activity and Neurovascular Coupling

  • Antonio Maria Chiarelli,
  • David Perpetuini,
  • Pierpaolo Croce,
  • Giuseppe Greco,
  • Leonardo Mistretta,
  • Raimondo Rizzo,
  • Vincenzo Vinciguerra,
  • Mario Francesco Romeo,
  • Filippo Zappasodi and
  • Giuseppe Costantino Giaconia
  • + 4 authors

16 May 2020

Portable neuroimaging technologies can be employed for long-term monitoring of neurophysiological and neuropathological states. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and Electroencephalography (EEG) are highly suited for such a purpose. Their...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,935 Views
22 Pages

26 March 2025

This research focuses on the depression states classification of EEG signals using the EEGNet model optimized with Optuna. The purpose was to increase model performance by combining data from healthy and depressed subjects, which ensured model robust...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
3,596 Views
15 Pages

Emotional State Detection Using Electroencephalogram Signals: A Genetic Algorithm Approach

  • Rosa A. García-Hernández,
  • José M. Celaya-Padilla,
  • Huizilopoztli Luna-García,
  • Alejandra García-Hernández,
  • Carlos E. Galván-Tejada,
  • Jorge I. Galván-Tejada,
  • Hamurabi Gamboa-Rosales,
  • David Rondon and
  • Klinge O. Villalba-Condori

23 May 2023

Emotion recognition based on electroencephalogram signals (EEG) has been analyzed extensively in different applications, most of them using medical-grade equipment in laboratories. The trend in human-centered artificial intelligence applications is t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,297 Views
12 Pages

29 February 2024

There is a need for seizure classification based on EEG signals that can be implemented with a portable device for in-home continuous minoring of epilepsy. In this study, we developed a novel machine learning algorithm for seizure detection suitable...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,770 Views
14 Pages

A Convolutional Neural Network for SSVEP Identification by Using a Few-Channel EEG

  • Xiaodong Li,
  • Shuoheng Yang,
  • Ningbo Fei,
  • Junlin Wang,
  • Wei Huang and
  • Yong Hu

The application of wearable electroencephalogram (EEG) devices is growing in brain–computer interfaces (BCI) owing to their good wearability and portability. Compared with conventional devices, wearable devices typically support fewer EEG chann...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,933 Views
11 Pages

6 December 2022

Despite the growing interest in the use of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals as a potential biometric for subject identification and the recent advances in the use of deep learning (DL) models to study neurological signals, such as electrocardiogram...

  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
8,744 Views
17 Pages

A Deep Learning Strategy for Automatic Sleep Staging Based on Two-Channel EEG Headband Data

  • Amelia A. Casciola,
  • Sebastiano K. Carlucci,
  • Brianne A. Kent,
  • Amanda M. Punch,
  • Michael A. Muszynski,
  • Daniel Zhou,
  • Alireza Kazemi,
  • Maryam S. Mirian,
  • Jason Valerio and
  • Haakon B. Nygaard
  • + 1 author

11 May 2021

Sleep disturbances are common in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, and together represent a potential therapeutic target for disease modification. A major barrier for studying sleep in patients with dementia is the requiremen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,197 Views
29 Pages

Lower-Limb Motor Imagery Recognition Prototype Based on EEG Acquisition, Filtering, and Machine Learning-Based Pattern Detection

  • Sonia Rocío Moreno-Castelblanco,
  • Manuel Andrés Vélez-Guerrero and
  • Mauro Callejas-Cuervo

16 October 2025

Advances in brain–computer interface (BCI) research have explored various strategies for acquiring and processing electroencephalographic (EEG) signals to detect motor imagery (MI) activities. However, the complexity of multichannel clinical sy...

  • Editorial
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,794 Views
8 Pages

EEG Signal Processing Techniques and Applications—2nd Edition

  • Hua-Liang Wei,
  • Yuzhu Guo,
  • Fei He and
  • Yifan Zhao

29 January 2025

Electroencephalography (EEG), as a well-established, non-invasive tool, has been successfully applied to a wide range of conditions due to its many evident advantages, such as economy, portability, easy operation, easy accessibility, and widespread a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
5,146 Views
9 Pages

Wearable System Based on Ultra-Thin Parylene C Tattoo Electrodes for EEG Recording

  • Antonello Mascia,
  • Riccardo Collu,
  • Andrea Spanu,
  • Matteo Fraschini,
  • Massimo Barbaro and
  • Piero Cosseddu

9 January 2023

In an increasingly interconnected world, where electronic devices permeate every aspect of our lives, wearable systems aimed at monitoring physiological signals are rapidly taking over the sport and fitness domain, as well as biomedical fields such a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,048 Views
16 Pages

1 January 2022

Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) can detect specific EEG patterns and translate them into control signals for external devices by providing people suffering from severe motor disabilities with an alternative/additional channel to communicate and inter...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,086 Views
6 Pages

1 November 2021

Emotion identification and categorization have been emerging in the brain machine interface in the current era. Audio, visual, and electroencephalography (EEG) data have all been shown to be useful for automated emotion identification in a number of...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
3,198 Views
10 Pages

27 July 2020

In this study, techniques were proposed for the detection of epileptic seizures from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals using the wavelet transform (WT), peak extraction and phase–space reconstruction (PSR) based Euclidean distances. In the fir...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,307 Views
15 Pages

The study of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is crucial for understanding brain function and has extensive applications in clinical diagnosis, neuroscience, and brain–computer interface technology. This paper addresses the challenge of recog...

  • Review
  • Open Access
169 Citations
24,160 Views
22 Pages

Concurrent fNIRS and EEG for Brain Function Investigation: A Systematic, Methodology-Focused Review

  • Rihui Li,
  • Dalin Yang,
  • Feng Fang,
  • Keum-Shik Hong,
  • Allan L. Reiss and
  • Yingchun Zhang

5 August 2022

Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) stand as state-of-the-art techniques for non-invasive functional neuroimaging. On a unimodal basis, EEG has poor spatial resolution while presenting high temporal resoluti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,585 Views
23 Pages

28 May 2025

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive and portable way to capture neurophysiological activity, which provides the basis for brain–computer interface systems and more innovative applications, from entertainment to security. However, the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
93 Citations
8,229 Views
19 Pages

18 December 2018

Drowsiness detection has been studied in the context of evaluating products, assessing driver alertness, and managing office environments. Drowsiness level can be readily detected through measurement of human brain activity. The electroencephalogram...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,251 Views
21 Pages

23 July 2024

The objective of this study was to make informed decisions regarding the design of wearable electroencephalography (wearable EEG) for the detection of motor imagery movements based on testing the critical features for the development of wearable EEG....

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,415 Views
21 Pages

28 November 2024

Background: Manually labeling sleep stages is time-consuming and labor-intensive, making automatic sleep staging methods crucial for practical sleep monitoring. While both single- and multi-channel data are commonly used in automatic sleep staging, l...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,047 Views
16 Pages

26 August 2023

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a crucial tool in cognitive neuroscience, enabling the study of neurophysiological function by measuring the brain’s electrical activity. Its applications include perception, learning, memory, language, decision...

  • Commentary
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,135 Views
7 Pages

Here we reviewed the last evidence on the application of electroencephalography (EEG) as a non-invasive and portable neuroimaging method useful to extract hallmarks of neuroplasticity induced by virtual reality (VR) rehabilitation approaches in strok...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
6,748 Views
17 Pages

Online EEG Seizure Detection and Localization

  • Amirsalar Mansouri,
  • Sanjay P. Singh and
  • Khalid Sayood

23 August 2019

Epilepsy is one of the three most prevalent neurological disorders. A significant proportion of patients suffering from epilepsy can be effectively treated if their seizures are detected in a timely manner. However, detection of most seizures require...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,563 Views
10 Pages

Differences in Electroencephalography Power Levels between Poor and Good Performance in Attentional Tasks

  • Moemi Matsuo,
  • Takashi Higuchi,
  • Taiyo Ichibakase,
  • Hikaru Suyama,
  • Runa Takahara and
  • Masatoshi Nakamura

Decreased attentional function causes problems in daily life. However, a quick and easy evaluation method of attentional function has not yet been developed. Therefore, we are searching for a method to evaluate attentional function easily and quickly...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
5,399 Views
19 Pages

4 September 2022

With the development of portable EEG acquisition systems, the collected EEG has gradually changed from being multi-channel to few-channel or single-channel, thus the removal of single-channel EEG signal artifacts is extremely significant. For the art...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,546 Views
17 Pages

20 August 2025

Background/Objectives: Electroencephalography (EEG)-based emotion recognition plays an important role in affective computing and brain–computer interface applications. However, existing methods often face the challenge of achieving high classif...

  • Review
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,922 Views
21 Pages

Construction Site Hazard Identification and Worker Adverse Reaction Monitoring Using Electroencephalograms: A Review

  • Bo’an Wei,
  • Bin Yang,
  • Weiling Zhang,
  • Pengju Liu,
  • Hanliang Fu,
  • Zhihan Lv and
  • Faming Wang

10 January 2024

The construction process is a dynamic one, and the complexity of the working conditions and the high level of uncertainty make the construction industry the third most dangerous industry after mining and agriculture. And since the construction indust...

  • Review
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,872 Views
55 Pages

18 May 2025

Driven by the remarkable capabilities of machine learning, brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) are carving out an ever-expanding range of applications across a multitude of diverse fields. Notably, electroencephalogram (EEG) signals have risen to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
6,866 Views
15 Pages

Virtual Reality Customized 360-Degree Experiences for Stress Relief

  • Miguel A. Vaquero-Blasco,
  • Eduardo Perez-Valero,
  • Christian Morillas and
  • Miguel A. Lopez-Gordo

22 March 2021

The latest studies in virtual reality (VR) have evidenced the potential of this technology to reproduce environments from multiple domains in an immersive way. For instance, in stress relief research, VR has been presented as a portable and inexpensi...

  • Review
  • Open Access
16 Citations
9,203 Views
19 Pages

Digital health tracking is a source of valuable insights for public health research and consumer health technology. The brain is the most complex organ, containing information about psychophysical and physiological biomarkers that correlate with heal...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
130 Views
25 Pages

Use of EEG for Studying the Underlying Processes of Learning in Higher Education: A Systematic Review

  • Irene González-Díez,
  • Gloria Pérez-López-de-Echazarreta,
  • María Consuelo Sáiz-Manzanares and
  • María del Camino Escolar-Llamazares

21 January 2026

The use of instruments for recording neurophysiological metrics is increasingly prevalent in natural settings, driven by advances in portability, reduced invasiveness, and the advantages these technologies offer for objective assessment of cognitive...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,360 Views
16 Pages

16 February 2019

Electroencephalography (EEG) provides a non-invasive, portable and low-cost way to convert neural signals into electrical signals. Using EEG to monitor people’s cognitive workload means a lot, especially for tasks demanding high attention. Befo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,485 Views
26 Pages

Multimodal Explainability Using Class Activation Maps and Canonical Correlation for MI-EEG Deep Learning Classification

  • Marcos Loaiza-Arias,
  • Andrés Marino Álvarez-Meza,
  • David Cárdenas-Peña,
  • Álvaro Ángel Orozco-Gutierrez and
  • German Castellanos-Dominguez

1 December 2024

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) are essential in advancing medical diagnosis and treatment by providing non-invasive tools to assess neurological states. Among these, motor imagery (MI), in which patients mentally simulate motor tasks without...

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