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Volume 10
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10.3390/electronics10070836
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Commentary

Electrophysiological Correlates of Virtual-Reality Applications in the Rehabilitation Setting: New Perspectives for Stroke Patients

by
Francesco Arcuri
1,
Camillo Porcaro
1,2,3,4,5,
Irene Ciancarelli
6,
Paolo Tonin
1 and
Antonio Cerasa
1,7,*
1
Sant’Anna Institute, 88900 Crotone, Italy
2
Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC), National Research Council (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
3
Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
4
Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
5
Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
6
Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Territorial Rehabilitation ASL Avezzano-Sulmona, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
7
Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB-CNR), National Research Council, 87050 Mangone, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Electronics 2021, 10(7), 836; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070836
Submission received: 19 January 2021 / Revised: 4 March 2021 / Accepted: 30 March 2021 / Published: 1 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virtual-Reality-Based Rehabilitation Technology)
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Abstract

Here we reviewed the last evidence on the application of electroencephalography (EEG) as a non-invasive and portable neuroimaging method useful to extract hallmarks of neuroplasticity induced by virtual reality (VR) rehabilitation approaches in stroke patients. In the neurorehabilitation context, VR training has been used extensively to hamper the effects of motor treatments on the stroke’s brain. The concept underlying VR therapy is to improve brain plasticity by engaging users in multisensory training. In this narrative review, we present the key concepts of VR protocols applied to the rehabilitation of stroke patients and critically discuss challenges of EEG signal when applied as endophenotype to extract neurophysiological markers. When VR technology was applied to magnify the effects of treatments on motor recovery, significant EEG-related neural improvements were detected in the primary motor circuit either in terms of power spectral density or as time-frequency domains.
Keywords: virtual reality; EEG; rehabilitation; stroke virtual reality; EEG; rehabilitation; stroke

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MDPI and ACS Style

Arcuri, F.; Porcaro, C.; Ciancarelli, I.; Tonin, P.; Cerasa, A. Electrophysiological Correlates of Virtual-Reality Applications in the Rehabilitation Setting: New Perspectives for Stroke Patients. Electronics 2021, 10, 836. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070836

AMA Style

Arcuri F, Porcaro C, Ciancarelli I, Tonin P, Cerasa A. Electrophysiological Correlates of Virtual-Reality Applications in the Rehabilitation Setting: New Perspectives for Stroke Patients. Electronics. 2021; 10(7):836. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070836

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arcuri, Francesco, Camillo Porcaro, Irene Ciancarelli, Paolo Tonin, and Antonio Cerasa. 2021. "Electrophysiological Correlates of Virtual-Reality Applications in the Rehabilitation Setting: New Perspectives for Stroke Patients" Electronics 10, no. 7: 836. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070836

APA Style

Arcuri, F., Porcaro, C., Ciancarelli, I., Tonin, P., & Cerasa, A. (2021). Electrophysiological Correlates of Virtual-Reality Applications in the Rehabilitation Setting: New Perspectives for Stroke Patients. Electronics, 10(7), 836. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070836

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