4,367 Results Found

The land-surface developments of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are based on the Carbon-Hydrology Tiled Scheme for Surface Exchanges over Land (CHTESSEL) and form an integral part of the Integrated Forecasting System (...

Soil moisture plays a key role in water, carbon and energy exchanges between the land surface and the atmosphere. Therefore, a better representation of this variable in the Land-Surface Models (LSMs) used in climate modelling could significantly redu...

Surface air temperature is an important variable in quantifying extreme heat, but high-resolution temporal and spatial measurement is limited by sparse climate-data stations. As a result, hyperlocal models of extreme heat involve intensive physical d...

Land-surface characteristics (LSCs) and land-soil moisture conditions can modulate energy partition at the land surface, impact near-surface atmosphere conditions, and further affect land–atmosphere interactions. This study investigates the effect of...

The coastal zone is an area that includes the sea coast and adjacent parts of the land and sea, where the mutual interaction of these environments is clearly marked. Hence, the modelling of the land and seabed parts of the coastal zone is crucial and...

Several experimental studies have shown that climate-warming-induced permafrost thaw releases previously unavailable nitrogen which can lower nitrogen limitation, increase plant productivity, and counteract some of the carbon released from thawing pe...

The representation of snow is a crucial aspect of land-surface modelling, as it has a strong influence on energy and water balances. Snow schemes with multiple layers have been shown to better describe the snowpack evolution and bring improvements to...

Land Use Land-Cover Change (LULCC), such as deforestation, affects the climate system and land-atmosphere interactions. Using simulations carried out within the LUCID (Land Use and Climate, IDentification of robust Impacts) project framework, we firs...

The Yangtze River Basin experiences frequent extreme heatwaves and prolonged droughts, resulting in a tight supply demand balance of electricity and negatively impacting socioeconomic production. Meanwhile, ongoing inter-basin water diversion project...

Rice is one of the world’s major staple foods, especially in China. Highly accurate monitoring on rice-producing land is, therefore, crucial for assessing food supplies and productivity. Recently, the deep-learning convolutional neural network...

Climate warming is causing permafrost thaw and there is an urgent need to understand the spatial distribution of permafrost and its potential changes with climate. This study developed a long-term (1901–2100), 1-km resolution daily meteorologic...

Irrigation can affect climate and weather patterns from regional to global scales through the alteration of surface water and energy balances. Here, we couple a land-surface model (LSM) that includes various human land-water management activities inc...

Soil moisture impacts the biosphere–atmosphere exchange of CO2 and CH4 and plays an important role in the terrestrial carbon cycle. A better representation of soil moisture would improve coupled carbon–water dynamics in terrestrial ecosys...

Soil moisture is a key variable used to describe water and energy exchanges at the land surface/atmosphere interface. Therefore, there is widespread interest in the use of soil moisture retrievals from passive microwave satellites. In the assimilatio...

In this paper, the coupled WRF/SSiB model, accompanied by a Karst Rocky Desertification (KRD) map of the Guizhou Karst Plateau (GKP) of China, was applied to detect how the changed vegetation and soil characteristics over the GKP modify the energy ba...

This paper reports a comparative experiment using remote sensing underlying surface data (ESACCI) and Community Land Model underlying surface data (CLM_LS) to analyze the uncertainty of land surface types in land–atmosphere interaction. The res...

A hyperspectral bidirectional reflectance (HSBR) model for land surface has been developed in this work. The HSBR model includes a very diverse land surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) database with ~40,000 spectra. The BRD...

The Eastern Mediterranean (EM) and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are projected to be exposed to extreme climatic conditions in the 21st century, which will likely induce adverse impacts in various sectors. Relevant climate change impact ass...

Most current land surface models (LSMs) coupled to regional climate models (RCMs) have been implemented at the several tens of kilometer spatial scales. Modeling land surface processes in LSMs at a finer resolution is necessary for improvements in te...

Land surface soil moisture (SSM) is crucial in research and applications in hydrology, ecology, and meteorology. A novel SSM retrieval model, based on the diurnal cycles of land surface temperature (LST) and net surface shortwave radiation (NSSR), ha...

Machine learning (ML), as an artificial intelligence tool, has acquired significant progress in data-driven research in Earth sciences. Land Surface Models (LSMs) are important components of the climate models, which help to capture the water, energy...

Surface properties in complex urban environments can significantly impact local-level temperature gradients and distribution on several scales. Studying temperature anomalies and identifying heat pockets in urban settings is challenging. Limited high...

Land cover type is a key parameter for simulating surface processes in many land surface models (LSMs). Currently, the widely used global remote sensing land cover products cannot meet the requirements of LSMs for classification systems, physical def...

Like most land surface models (LSMs) coupled to regional climate models (RCMs), the original Common Land Model (CoLM) predicts runoff from net water at each computational grid without explicit lateral flow (LF) schemes. This study has therefore propo...

Land surface models with detailed urban parameterization schemes provide adequate tools to estimate the impact of climate change in cities, because they rely on the results of the regional climate model, while operating on km scale at low cost. In th...

Surface fluxes are vital to understanding land–atmosphere interactions, with similarity theory forming the basis for their parameterization. However, this theory has limitations, particularly due to large eddy effects, which have not been widel...

Surface interactions occur near the land–atmosphere interface, thus affecting the temperature, convection, boundary layer, and stability of the atmosphere. A proper representation of surface interactions is a crucial component for numerical atm...

Over the past several decades, Saudi cities have experienced rapid urban developments and land use and land cover (LULC) changes. These developments will have numerous short- and long-term consequences including increasing the land surface temperatur...

The frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events are on the rise worldwide. Despite extensive efforts, regional climate models still show significant biases for extreme precipitation events, often due to factors like improper physics, the...

Microwave surface emissivity is complex and variable, leading to increased difficulty in accurately retrieving atmospheric parameters and assimilating satellite microwave observations over land. The Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) land emis...

Soil–Vegetation–Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT) models are a promising avenue towards gaining a better insight into land surface interactions and Earth’s system dynamics. One such model developed for the academic and research community i...

A physically-based image processing approach, based on a single-source surface energy balance framework, is developed here to model the land surface temperature (LST) over complex/rugged geologic terrains at medium to high spatial resolution (<102...

Transpiration represents more than 30% of the global land–atmosphere water exchange but is highly uncertain. Plant hydraulics was ignored in traditional land surface modeling, but recently plant hydraulics has been found to play an essential role in...

The spatial-temporal variability of drought occurrence over Bulgaria is characterized based on long-term records (2007–2018) of Meteosat information and the SVAT model-derived soil moisture availability index (referred to root zone depth, SMAI)...

Frequent heavy snowfall in Xinjiang plays an important role in the land water cycle. In this study, 18 groups of simulation experiments are conducted on the heavy snowfall event in Xinjiang during 9–13 December of 2015 using the Weather Researc...

Taking a typical forest’s underlying surface as our research area, in this study, we employed unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry to explore more accurate canopy parameters including the tree height and canopy radius, which were used t...

The recently developed Soil, Vegetation, and Snow (SVS) land surface model is being progressively implemented at Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) for operational numerical weather and hydrological predictions. The objective of this study...

Modelling ecological niches across vast distribution ranges in remote, high mountain regions like the Himalayas faces several data limitations, in particular nonavailability of species occurrence data and fine-scale environmental information of suffi...

The correction of Soil Moisture (SM) estimates in Land Surface Models (LSMs) is considered essential for improving the performance of numerical weather forecasting and hydrologic models used in weather and climate studies. Along with surface screen-l...

Land surface models (LSMs) simulate water and energy cycles at the atmosphere–soil interface, however, the physical processes in the subsurface are typically oversimplified and lateral water movement is neglected. Here, a cross-evaluation of land sur...

In this study, we showed that the multi-angle satellite remote sensing product, MISR L2 Land Surface (MIL2ASLS), which has a scale of 1.1 km, could be suitable for improving land-cover studies. Using seven images from this product, captured by the mu...

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is distributed with large areas of permafrost, which have received increasing attention as the climate warms. Accurately modeling the extent of permafrost and permafrost changes is now an important challenge for climate chang...

Solar radiation is a critical variable in global change sciences. While most of the current global datasets provide only the total downward solar radiation, we aim to develop a method to estimate the downward global land surface solar radiation and i...

Remote sensing technology plays an increasingly important role in land surface temperature (LST) research. However, various remote sensing data have spatial–temporal scales contradictions. In order to address this problem in LST research, the c...

The pressing issue of global warming is particularly evident in urban areas, where urban thermal islands amplify the warming effect. Understanding land surface temperature (LST) changes is crucial in mitigating and adapting to the effect of urban hea...

Soil moisture content is one of the most important parameters of hydrological studies. Cosmic-ray neutron sensing is a promising proximal soil moisture sensing technique at intermediate scale and high temporal resolution. In this study, we validate s...

Integrating numerical weather forecasts that provide ensemble precipitation forecasts, land surface hydrological modeling that resolves surface and subsurface hydrological processes, and artificial intelligence techniques that correct the forecast bi...

In the present study, soil moisture assimilation is conducted over the Indian subcontinent, using the Noah Land Surface Model (LSM) and the Soil Moisture Operational Products System (SMOPS) observations by utilizing the Ensemble Kalman Filter. The st...

The surface-atmosphere turbulent exchanges couple the water, energy and carbon budgets in the Earth system. The biosphere plays an important role in the evaporation process, and vegetation related parameters such as the leaf area index (LAI), vertica...

Understanding the link between greenspace patterns and land surface temperature is very important for mitigating the urban heat island (UHI) effect and is also useful for planners and decision-makers for providing a sustainable design for urban green...