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131 Results Found

  • Review
  • Open Access
15 Citations
12,046 Views
33 Pages

Intensity–Duration–Frequency Curves in a Data-Rich Era: A Review

  • Sabrina Lanciotti,
  • Elena Ridolfi,
  • Fabio Russo and
  • Francesco Napolitano

16 November 2022

Intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves are widely used in the hydrological design of hydraulic structures. This paper presents a wide review of methodologies for constructing IDF curves with a specific focus on the choice of the datase...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,770 Views
20 Pages

25 November 2020

To explicitly account for asymptotic dependence between rainfall intensity maxima of different accumulation duration, a recent development for estimating Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves involves the use of a max-stable process. In our study...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
4,767 Views
17 Pages

1 September 2023

As a catastrophic phenomenon, drought has destructive impacts on water resources, the environment, and the ecosystem. Consequently, drought plays a vital role in risk assessment, water resources management, and drought mitigation plans. The main aim...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,945 Views
18 Pages

25 May 2022

This study aims to develop the intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves for Yangon, the economic center of Myanmar, using four satellite precipitation datasets, namely GPM IMERG, TRMM, GSMaP_NRT, and GSMaP_GC. Different probability distr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,587 Views
21 Pages

26 August 2021

Most areas around the world lack fine rainfall records which are needed to derive Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves, and those that are available are in the form of daily data. Thus, the disaggregation of rainfall data from coarse to fine tem...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,542 Views
21 Pages

8 January 2025

Climate change has the potential to significantly impact various aspects of Earth’s climate systems, including precipitation patterns, necessitating region-specific action plans. This study examines the Wadi Al Rummah region in Qassim province,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
77 Citations
8,985 Views
25 Pages

Uncertainty in Rainfall Intensity Duration Frequency Curves of Peninsular Malaysia under Changing Climate Scenarios

  • Muhammad Noor,
  • Tarmizi Ismail,
  • Eun-Sung Chung,
  • Shamsuddin Shahid and
  • Jang Hyun Sung

28 November 2018

This study developed a methodological framework to update the rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves under climate change scenarios. A model output statistics (MOS) method is used to downscale the daily rainfall of general circulation mod...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
6,327 Views
14 Pages

27 December 2021

In arid areas, flashflood water management is a major concern due to arid climate ambiguity. The examining and derivation of intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves in an urban arid area under a variety of terrain patterns and climatic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
7,954 Views
31 Pages

27 April 2020

Rainfall Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) curves are among the most essential datasets used in water resources management across the globe. Traditionally, they are derived from observations of historical rainfall, under the assumption o...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
4,832 Views
22 Pages

Introducing Non-Stationarity Into the Development of Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves under a Changing Climate

  • Daniele Feitoza Silva,
  • Slobodan P. Simonovic,
  • Andre Schardong and
  • Joel Avruch Goldenfum

7 April 2021

Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationships are traditional tools in water infrastructure planning and design. IDFs are developed under a stationarity assumption which may not be realistic, neither in the present nor in the future, under a chang...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
17,052 Views
13 Pages

27 November 2021

Despite the availability of some studies related to rainfall characteristics in Sharjah city and the UAE, very few of these studies have investigated any causal link between recent cloud-seeding missions and the increasing rainfall intensities and ur...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,315 Views
17 Pages

Intensity–Duration–Frequency Curves for Dependent Datasets

  • Wafaa El Hannoun,
  • Anas Boukili Makhoukhi,
  • Abdelhak Zoglat and
  • Salah-Eddine El Adlouni

20 July 2023

Intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves of precipitation are a reference decision support tool used in hydrology. They allow the estimation of extreme precipitation and its return periods. Typically, IDF curves are estimated using univa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,341 Views
22 Pages

Utilizing Satellite Data to Establish Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves for Major Cities in Iraq

  • Sarah Jabbar Zeri,
  • Mohammed Magdy Hamed,
  • Xiaojun Wang and
  • Shamsuddin Shahid

22 February 2023

This study generates intensity-duration-frequency curves for three important cities in Iraq using Global Precipitation Measurement Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG), Global Satellite Mapping of Precipi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
9,559 Views
17 Pages

Comparative Analysis of Developed Rainfall Intensity–Duration–Frequency Curves for Erbil with Other Iraqi Urban Areas

  • Dalshad Ahmed Kareem,
  • Aumed Rahman M Amen,
  • Andam Mustafa,
  • Mehmet Ishak Yüce and
  • Michał Szydłowski

29 January 2022

Rainfall Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) relationships are widely used in water infrastructure design and construction. IDF curves represent the relationship between rainfall intensity, duration, and frequency, and are obtained by anal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,677 Views
18 Pages

19 September 2025

Intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves, which relate rainfall intensity (i), storm duration (d), and return period (T), are cornerstone tools for planning, designing, and operating hydraulic works. Since Sherman’s pioneering form...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
5,571 Views
24 Pages

21 January 2022

Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves representing the variation of the magnitude of extreme rainfall events with a return period and storm duration are widely used in hydrologic infrastructure design, flood risk management projects, and climate...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,393 Views
7 Pages

27 October 2023

Rainfall intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) relationships are crucial in the design and management of hydraulic structures. At the core of the assumption for IDF development is that the statistics of past rainfall events will represent fu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
324 Views
32 Pages

27 December 2025

Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) curves are essential tools in the design of stormwater management systems and are often used over long periods without frequent updates. However, the continuous collection of rainfall data and the expans...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,370 Views
25 Pages

Next-Generation Drought Intensity–Duration–Frequency Curves for Early Warning Systems in Ethiopia’s Pastoral Region

  • Getachew Tegegne,
  • Sintayehu Alemayehu,
  • Sintayehu W. Dejene,
  • Liyuneh Gebre,
  • Tadesse Terefe Zeleke,
  • Lidya Tesfaye and
  • Numery Abdulhamid

2 February 2025

The pastoral areas of Ethiopia are facing a recurrent drought crisis that significantly affects the availability of water resources for communities dependent on livestock. Despite the urgent need for effective drought early warning systems, Ethiopia&...

  • Article
  • Open Access
59 Citations
19,303 Views
22 Pages

22 February 2017

The magnitude and frequency of hydrological events are expected to increase in coming years due to climate change in megacities of Asia. Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) curves represent essential means to study effects on the performance of draina...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,466 Views
17 Pages

16 November 2023

In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of the heavy rainfall events that occurred in Seoul in 2022 and compared them with the projections of the representative concentration pathway (RCP). The analysis results indicated that climate change is...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
4,475 Views
19 Pages

15 September 2024

In the arid Arabian Peninsula, particularly within the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the perception of rainfall has shifted from a natural blessing to a significant challenge for infrastructure and community resilience. The unprecedented storm on 17 Ap...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,651 Views
23 Pages

Uncertainty Quantification of Future Design Rainfall Depths in Korea

  • Kyungmin Kim,
  • Jeonghyeon Choi,
  • Okjeong Lee,
  • Dong-Hyun Cha and
  • Sangdan Kim

25 December 2019

One of the most common ways to investigate changes in future rainfall extremes is to use future rainfall data simulated by climate models with climate change scenarios. However, the projected future design rainfall intensity varies greatly depending...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,402 Views
13 Pages

Estimation of the G2P Design Storm from a Rainfall Convectivity Index

  • Rosario Balbastre-Soldevila,
  • Rafael García-Bartual and
  • Ignacio Andrés-Doménech

14 July 2021

The two-parameter gamma function (G2P) design storm is a recent methodology used to obtain synthetic hyetographs especially developed for urban hydrology applications. Further analytical developments on the G2P design storm are presented herein, link...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
5,082 Views
15 Pages

2 December 2023

Extreme precipitation has become more frequent and intense with time and space. Infrastructure design tools such as Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves still rely on historical precipitation and stationary assumptions, risking current and futur...

  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
6,232 Views
21 Pages

Estimating IDF Curves Consistently over Durations with Spatial Covariates

  • Jana Ulrich,
  • Oscar E. Jurado,
  • Madlen Peter,
  • Marc Scheibel and
  • Henning W. Rust

6 November 2020

Given that long time series for temporally highly resolved precipitation observations are rarely available, it is necessary to pool information to obtain reliable estimates of the distribution of extreme precipitation, especially for short durations....

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
9,212 Views
19 Pages

Development of Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) Curves over the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Using CHIRPS Satellite-Based Precipitation Products

  • Tareefa S. Alsumaiti,
  • Khalid A. Hussein,
  • Dawit T. Ghebreyesus,
  • Pakorn Petchprayoon,
  • Hatim O. Sharif and
  • Waleed Abdalati

20 December 2023

The recent flooding events in the UAE have emphasized the need for a reassessment of flood frequencies to mitigate risks. The exponential urbanization and climatic changes in the UAE require a reform for developing and updating intensity–durati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
7,809 Views
35 Pages

9 October 2022

The design storm derived from intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves is the main input for hydrologic analysis or hydraulic design for flood control. The regions with higher flood risks due to extreme precipitation are often deficient...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,618 Views
22 Pages

Assessing Climate Change Impacts on Combined Sewer Overflows: A Modelling Perspective

  • Panagiota Galiatsatou,
  • Iraklis Nikoletos,
  • Dimitrios Malamataris,
  • Antigoni Zafirakou,
  • Philippos Jacob Ganoulis,
  • Argyro Gkatzioura,
  • Maria Kapouniari and
  • Anastasia Katsoulea

22 April 2025

The study examines the impacts of climate change on the operation and capacity of the combined sewer network in the historic center of Thessaloniki, Greece. Rainfall data from three high-resolution Regional Climate Models (RCMs), namely (a) the Cosmo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
6,856 Views
15 Pages

Developing Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) Curves Based on Rainfall Cumulative Distribution Frequency (CDF) for Can Tho City, Vietnam

  • Huynh Vuong Thu Minh,
  • Kim Lavane,
  • Le Thi Lanh,
  • Lam Van Thinh,
  • Nguyen Phuoc Cong,
  • Tran Van Ty,
  • Nigel K. Downes and
  • Pankaj Kumar

1 August 2022

Information on the relationship between rainfall intensity, duration and accumulation frequency or return period (IDF) is commonly utilized in the design and management of urban drainage systems. Can Tho City, located in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,397 Views
38 Pages

2 December 2024

This work aims to examine the effect of bias correction (BC) methods on the development of Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) curves under climate change at multiple temporal scales. Daily outputs from a 9-member CORDEX-CA GCM-RCM multi-m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,645 Views
13 Pages

17 October 2019

High-frequency rainfall data is needed in different practical hydrologic applications, such as the construction of the intensity-duration-frequency curves (IDF). This paper presents an investigation of trends (station-wise and regional) for several r...

  • Data Descriptor
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,324 Views
7 Pages

Rainfall Intensity–Duration–Frequency Curves Dataset for Brazil

  • Ivana Patente Torres,
  • Roberto Avelino Cecílio,
  • Laura Thebit de Almeida,
  • Marcel Carvalho Abreu,
  • Demetrius David da Silva,
  • Sidney Sara Zanetti and
  • Alexandre Cândido Xavier

29 January 2025

This is a database containing rainfall intensity–duration–frequency equations (IDF equations) for 6550 pluviographic and pluviometric stations in Brazil. The database was compiled from 370 different publications and contains the following...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,333 Views
20 Pages

12 October 2021

Designing water infrastructure requires information about the magnitude and frequency of upcoming rainfall. A limited range of data offers just one of many realizations that occurred in the past or will occur in the future; thus, it cannot sufficient...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,547 Views
13 Pages

Comparing Methods for the Regionalization of Intensity−Duration−Frequency (IDF) Curve Parameters in Sparsely-Gauged and Ungauged Areas of Central Chile

  • Claudia Sangüesa,
  • Roberto Pizarro,
  • Ben Ingram,
  • Alfredo Ibáñez,
  • Diego Rivera,
  • Pablo García-Chevesich,
  • Juan Pino,
  • Felipe Pérez,
  • Francisco Balocchi and
  • Francisco Peña

28 August 2023

Estimating intensity−duration−frequency (IDF) curves requires local historical information of precipitation intensity. When such information is unavailable, as in areas without rain gauges, it is necessary to consider other methods to est...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,208 Views
11 Pages

On the Rainfall Intensity–Duration–Frequency Curves, Partial-Area Effect and the Rational Method: Theory and the Engineering Practice

  • José Nilson B. Campos,
  • Ticiana Marinho de Carvalho Studart,
  • Francisco de Assis de Souza Filho and
  • Victor Costa Porto

30 September 2020

This research evaluates the partial-area effect and its relationship with the rainfall intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) equations. In the Rational Method, if the critical rainfall duration is shorter than the time of concentration, the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
4,343 Views
22 Pages

Regional Ombrian Curves: Design Rainfall Estimation for a Spatially Diverse Rainfall Regime

  • Theano Iliopoulou,
  • Nikolaos Malamos and
  • Demetris Koutsoyiannis

Ombrian curves, i.e., curves linking rainfall intensity to return period and time scale, are well-established engineering tools crucial to the design against stormwaters and floods. Though the at-site construction of such curves is considered a stand...

  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
7,835 Views
20 Pages

Relationship of Rainfall and Flood Return Periods through Hydrologic and Hydraulic Modeling

  • Harris Vangelis,
  • Ioanna Zotou,
  • Ioannis M. Kourtis,
  • Vasilis Bellos and
  • Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis

10 November 2022

In order to examine the relationship between rainfall return periods and flood return periods, the design storm approach is compared to the rainfall–runoff continuous simulation and flood frequency analysis approach. The former was based on rai...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
7,687 Views
19 Pages

Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curve for Extreme Rainfall Event Characterization, in the High Tropical Andes

  • Diego Escobar-González,
  • Mélany S. Singaña-Chasi,
  • Juan González-Vergara,
  • Bolívar Erazo,
  • Miguel Zambrano,
  • Darwin Acosta,
  • Marcos Villacís,
  • Mario Guallpa,
  • Braulio Lahuatte and
  • Diego H. Peluffo-Ordóñez

23 September 2022

In fields such as hydrology, meteorology, and civil engineering, the study of extreme precipitation events is useful to prevent rainfall related disasters. A widely-used practice to address such a problem is by using statistical inferences about prec...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,891 Views
20 Pages

4 December 2021

The Upper Vistula Basin is a flood-prone region in the summer season (May–October) due to intensive rainfall. From the point of view of water management, it is particularly important to assess the variability in this main factor of flood risk,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,433 Views
27 Pages

Modular Design of Bioretention Systems for Sustainable Stormwater Management under Drivers of Urbanization and Climate Change

  • Marina Batalini de Macedo,
  • Marcus Nóbrega Gomes Júnior,
  • Vivian Jochelavicius,
  • Thalita Raquel Pereira de Oliveira and
  • Eduardo Mario Mendiondo

1 June 2022

The increase in urbanization and climate change projections point to a worsening of floods and urban river contamination. Cities need to adopt adaptive urban drainage measures capable of mitigating these drivers of change. This study presents a pract...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
4,391 Views
18 Pages

SPI-Based Drought Classification in Italy: Influence of Different Probability Distribution Functions

  • Benedetta Moccia,
  • Claudio Mineo,
  • Elena Ridolfi,
  • Fabio Russo and
  • Francesco Napolitano

14 November 2022

Drought is ranked second in type of natural phenomena associated with billion dollars weather disaster during the past years. It is estimated that in EU countries the number of people affected by drought was increased by 20% over the last decades. It...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,654 Views
22 Pages

23 November 2023

This study delved into the analysis of hourly observed as well as future precipitation data in the towns of Willoughby and Buffalo on the Lake Erie Coast to examine the variations in IDF relationships over the 21st century. Several regional climate m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,439 Views
16 Pages

8 September 2020

There is not enough data and computational power for conventional flood mapping methods in many parts of the world, thus fast and low-data-demanding methods are very useful in facing the disaster. This paper presents an innovative procedure for estim...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,406 Views
17 Pages

Influence of Climate Change on the Design of Retention Basins in Northeastern Portugal

  • Luis F. Sanches Fernandes,
  • Mário G. Pereira,
  • Sónia G. Morgado and
  • Eduarda B. Macário

7 June 2018

Retention basins are used to control the quantity and quality of stormwater runoff. Their design is based on Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves and on the assumption that the rainfall distribution is stationary. The analysis of rainfall observ...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
6,748 Views
22 Pages

27 May 2020

Changes in climate, land use, and population can increase annual and interannual variability of socioeconomic droughts in water-scarce regions. This study develops a probabilistic approach to improve characterization of sub-annual socioeconomic droug...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
5,249 Views
22 Pages

Climate change is one of the prominent factors that causes an increased severity of extreme precipitation which, in turn, has a huge impact on drainage systems by means of flooding. Intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves play an essent...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,696 Views
19 Pages

18 April 2018

Designed for rainstorms and flooding, hydrosystems are largely based on local rainfall Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) curves which include nonstationary components accounting for climate variability. IDF curves are commonly calculated using downs...

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