Along with simulated firefighting training, the development of virtual training systems and associated content has recently drawn attention as an alternative method for advanced firefighting training. In particular, to develop virtual training conten...
In ancient villages, the spread of uninterrupted fires caused great damage to clustered wooden houses. Thus, the spread of fire among wooden houses should be systematically studied to explore its characteristics. Statistical analysis is a feasible wa...
Nowadays, electromobility has a significant role in transportation; different electrically driven vehicles are spreading continuously. Due to this form of drivetrain, fire safety hazards have also changed when compared to those of conventional vehicl...
This study presents a novel water mist fire fighting system that integrates water mist sprays and water mist curtains, designed to achieve simultaneous fire suppression, thermal insulation, and smoke control. Three full-scale experiments were conduct...
This study investigates the thermal control effect of a water mist fire-extinguishing system in road tunnels under both single-source and double-source fire scenarios. A total of eight full-scale fire tests were executed in a physical tunnel, and the...
The increased demand for contactless services has facilitated a rapid increase in logistics facilities. There are shorter distances between the shelf racks used in mezzansine racks in such facilities compared to standard racks and can store various i...
Fires are accidents that can cause numerous human casualties in multiplexes. The simple sprinkler systems applied in South Korea employ sprinklers to protect people against residential fires, as specified by the National Fire Protection Association (...
The order/disorder characteristics of a compartment fire are researched based on experimental data. From our analysis performed by new, pioneering methods, we claim that the parametric Jensen-Shannon complexity can be successfully used to detect unus...
Assessments of subway train fires were conducted based on full-scale experiments and numerical simulations. The experimental platform and simulation model were established according to a real subway train in China. The results show that there was no...
Owing to the development of new materials that enhance structural members in the construction field, steel–polymer composite floors have been developed and applied to steel structures. Similar to a sandwich system, steel–polymer composite...
The widespread use of mezzanine racks in modern logistics warehouses has significantly increased fire hazards owing to the dense storage of combustibles. However, systematic full-scale studies examining the influence of shelf spacing on radiative ign...
Fire accidents are a significant risk to human life and civil infrastructure. As a countermeasure, the regulatory bodies of different countries have established standards for evaluating the performance of construction elements during fire exposure. I...
This paper presents the full-scale experimental assessment of a log-house timber wall with partial thermal insulation under in-plane compression and exposed to fire on one side. A key aspect of the current design application for log-house systems is...
Building utility tunnels has been widely adopted as an important solution for the sustainable development of cities, but their unique fire problems have not attracted enough attention to date. With the purpose of preliminarily understanding the fire...
A subway transfer station hall is crowded and complex in structure, which makes evacuation more difficult in case of a fire, but also provides more strategic options for smoke extraction. Full-scale experiments and numerical simulations are conducted...
This paper presents the development and validation of a two-zone model to predict fire development in a compartment. The model includes the effects of the ceiling jet on the convective heat transfer to enclosure walls and, unlike existing models, a n...
This study proposes an optimization design to improve the accuracy of fire risk models by combining the results of the UFSM (Urban Fire Spread Model, Japan) with the United States (US) Fire Simulation Software FDS6.7.3 (Fire Dynamics Simulator, FDS)....
This study deals with the simulation of office fires by combining large-scale experiments with nine wooden cribs and a carefully calibrated computer model. It shows how real fire conditions, reaching up to 800–1000 °C, could be reproduced e...
To study the fire behavior of UHVDC (ultra-high-voltage direct current) converter transformers and the effectiveness of CAFs (compressed air foams) in suppressing fires, a full-scale model of a 220 kV converter transformer fire was constructed. The m...
Smoke is an early visual phenomenon of forest fires, and the timely detection of smoke is of great significance for early warning systems. However, most existing smoke detection algorithms have varying levels of accuracy over different distances. Thi...
Fire-resistance experiments were conducted on two full-scale two-way reinforced concrete slabs with three simply supported edges and one clamped edge. This paper presents the design of the furnace, specimens and clamped-end device, the test plan, and...
Road tunnels are equipped with various safety installations that enable the tunnel’s autonomous response to fire in order to ensure conditions suitable for safe self-rescue and evacuation. A key role in this effort is played by the monitoring o...
The fire performance of ventilated facade systems incorporating combustible insulation remains a critical issue in contemporary building design. This study presents a full-scale natural-fire test of a ventilated, rendered facade system containing 150...
Bed mattresses are rated as products to cause a fire hazard because of their very high heat release rate among indoor combustibles. In this study, fire growth rate and flame height were measured through a series of combustion experiments on a full sc...
Bridges are critical components of transportation networks, and fire accidents can significantly impair their structural integrity, leading to safety risks and major economic losses. This study presents a comprehensive inspection, materials testing,...
The emergence of electric vehicles (EVs) has brought specific risks, including the possibility of fires or explosions resulting from mechanical, thermal, or electrical failures, which can lead to thermal runaway (TR). There is a great lack of knowled...
Co-firing coal and biomass in existing power plants facilitates influential advancement in the use of renewable energy resources and carbon emissions reduction. Biomass is intended as a CO2-zero net emission because, during its rise, it uses the same...
Proper positioning of the positive pressure ventilator is an important aspect of conducting rescue operations. The purpose of this article was to determine the effect of the parameter of the distance of setting up a mobile fan (distance from 1 to 7 m...
A main purpose of the study was to assess the impact of extinguishing with a low-pressure fog lance on a fire environment, especially of temperature. A low-pressure fog lance has recently been recommended for fighting fires in either limited spaces o...
In this study, a tunnel model with a length of 20 m, a width of 5 m, and a height of 5 m was used, and an experimental investigation was conducted to examine the impact of high-pressure water mist on the temperature distribution along the tunnel ceil...
An assessment of the performance of FireFOAM in simulating a large-scale compartment fire scenario is presented in this study, using the Edinburgh Tall Building Fire Test I (2017) as the basis for evaluation. Different mesh geometries and sizes are t...
It is very important to understand the residual performance of a structure for repair, retrofit, and reuse of a building after a fire. In this study, an experiment is conducted on the residual performance of real-scale siliceous aggregates-based rein...
In this study, three full-scale experiments and a series of numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the influence of subway platform height and atrium ceiling height of subway stations on smoke control by mechanical exhausting systems. Th...
To reduce the loss induced by forest fires, it is very important to detect the forest fire smoke in real time so that early and timely warning can be issued. Machine vision and image processing technology is widely used for detecting forest fire smok...
This numerical study focuses on the fire phenomenology associated with the presence of a composite-type aircraft immersed, at one particular location and orientation, within a large aviation-fuel fire in a moving fluid medium. An extension of the edd...
To address the difficulty in conducting fire tests to verify the fire-resistance limit of large one-way slabs with heavy loads in a metro, a scale fire test method is proposed based on the bearing capacity calculation of the one-way slab under fire....
Polyurethane material is used as an interior finish and wall cavity insulation. Flame-retardant products may be used for ignition, flame diffusion, and heat-release blocking. A large-scale test was conducted to understand the flame propagation charac...
This paper investigates aluminium composite panels (ACPs) to understand the fire behaviour of combustible cladding systems under different fire scenarios. A fire dynamics simulator (FDS) is used to develop the numerical model of full-scale fire tests...
The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1851 document provides guidelines for firefighters on the care and maintenance of their PPE, including decontamination practices. Firefighters are exposed to various toxic chemicals during fire suppress...
Fully or partially sealing the openings of tunnels to accelerate the self-extinction of fires provides a promising firefighting tactic to beat large fires in a long tunnel. So far, most experimental studies on the characteristics of fire with differe...
Large conflagrations of informal settlements occur regularly, leaving thousands of people homeless daily and taking tens of thousands of lives annually. Over the past few years, a large amount of data has been collected from a number of full-scale in...
Guided by the technical requirements for tunnel fire safety, an overview of tunnel piston wind, combustion models, and full-size and small tunnel fire tests is presented. Firstly, the theoretical model and numerical calculation methods for piston win...
Sauna is a common fixture in many facilities; a specific fire-protection system is typically designed and installed for this application, as short circuits or direct contact with incandescent materials may result in a fire. Water mist has been recent...
In this paper, the firing process and structural failure behavior of outdoor mechanical car parks are innovatively investigated under diverse conditions, leveraging fire experiments, FDS fire simulation, and finite element simulation. The fire experi...
Fire safety is a crucial issue for buildings, especially with the rise of modular construction, which demands materials that combine lightness with mechanical performance and stability. This study investigates a new concept for single-story modular c...
A common method for investigating various fire- and smoke-related phenoma is a reduced-scale fire modelling that uses the conservation concept of Froude number as its primary similarity criterion. Smoke obscuration measurements were not commonly used...
Effective early fire detection is crucial for preventing damage to people and buildings, especially in fire-prone historic structures. However, due to the infrequent occurrence of fire events throughout a building’s lifespan, real-world data fo...
Understanding the structural behaviour of flat plate systems during fire exposure is critical for ensuring the safety of occupants and emergency personnel. Flat slabs, a widely used structural system, undergo significant thermal deformations in fire,...
Owing to its discontinuous configuration, segment joint is of particular concern when the shield tunnel lining is exposed to fire. The thermal behavior of such joints when exposed to fire was investigated experimentally in full scale. In addition, th...
In order to study the characteristics of the thermal runaway process of a full-size prefabricated cabin energy storage system, a full-scale prefabricated cabin energy storage physical fire test platform was designed using 100% SOC energy storage batt...
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