2,973 Results Found

Urban villages, namely villages encircled by urban environments, are unique phenomena that proliferated during China’s rapid urbanization process, as well as important development issues for many Chinese cities at present. This article focuses...

Planning policies have greatly influenced the development of urban villages, an informal phenomenon in which rural settlements are encircled by urban environments during China’s rapid urbanization process. “The National New-type Urbanizat...

Informal entrepreneurship is a pervasive feature of developing economies, yet the psychological drivers of the transition to formal entrepreneurship remain poorly understood. Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behaviour, this research investigates the...

This paper examines the relationship between different types of employment and subjective well-being with a focus on informal employment. The China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) for three selected years (2012, 2014 and 2016) shows an upward tren...

Green innovation has been recognized as a strategic priority to build competitive advantage, but few studies have examined the impact of environmental information disclosure on green innovation in emerging economies. By integrating the stakeholder an...

Labor market dualism has caused a persistent wage gap between formal and informal workers in Indonesia. This study aimed to decompose the wage difference between formal and informal workers based on cohorts in Indonesia and further analyze the factor...

Computational ontologies are machine-processable structures which represent particular domains of interest. They integrate knowledge which can be used by humans or machines for decision making and problem solving. The main aim of this systematic revi...

External collaboration is an effective way for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to improve innovation performance and obtain sustainable competitiveness. This study focuses on the influence of external collaboration on innovation performance...

Youth workers across the United Kingdom utilise varied terminology when referring to the professional practice of youth work, in both formal and informal spaces. A lack of formal approaches to terminology across the youth work sector is having a detr...

With this study, we aim to assess integration possibilities of formal and informal waste management approaches in a low-income country context by using recycling as a tool towards sustainability. Using a holistic approach, this study examines both fo...

Adequate access to credit is necessary for the sustainable development of agriculture. This study uses a double hurdle model to investigate what affects farming households’ credit participation and amount, and a Probit model to find out credit...

Geographic information systems have undergone rapid growth for decades. Topology has provided valuable modeling tools in the development of this field. Formal verification ofthe model of topological spatial relations can provide a reliable guarantee...

Withdrawal from rural homesteads (WRH) in China is mainly conducted under the guidance of government and follows the principle of farmers’ voluntary participation, in which both formal and informal institutions play essential roles. However, fe...

Urbanization plays a critical role in changing the urban environment. Most developed countries have almost completed urbanization. However, with more and more people moving to cities, the urban environment in developing countries is undergoing signif...

At present, most of China’s waste electrical and electronic equipment (hereafter referred to as WEEE) flow into the informal recycling sector, which has no official disassembly certification. To regulate the WEEE recycling industry, the policy...

This study investigates the determinants of household borrowing choices in Thailand, with a focus on the risks associated with formal and informal credit markets. Using cross-sectional survey data from 6949 respondents across 77 provinces collected i...

Considering refugees’ employment challenges in their host countries, they often need to create jobs by starting ventures and embracing self-employment. However, this requires financing. This study seeks to assess the roles of formal and informa...

In further understanding the importance of the informal/formal nexus, it is posited that they can co-exist, as explained in the case description example of a Youth Professional Practitioner Network (YPPN). It posits the influence of ‘informal e...

Background: Dementia is a public health priority with a dramatic social and economic impact on people with dementia (PwD), their caregivers and societies. The aim of this study was to contribute to the knowledge on how utilization of formal and infor...

Many shared views of both scholars and practitioners reflect spatial planning as a place-creating process that must be understood from a multi-level perspective. Formal and informal planning modes have variations in planning practices in different co...

To address the concern of environmental pollution, it is necessary to study the effect of environmental regulation on industrial solid waste emission reduction in China. This paper aimed to analyze the effectiveness of provincial environmental regula...

There has been a gradual shift over the years towards the use of social networking sites (SNS) in formal and informal English language learning which was accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Though there is an abundance of articles dedicated to...

Access to finance is essential for fostering financial inclusion, improving household economic well-being, and stimulating economic growth. However, if not prudently managed, it can become a double-edged sword, increasing the risk of over-indebtednes...

Multilabel classification is a recently conceptualized task in machine learning. Contrary to most of the research that has so far focused on classification machinery, we take a data-centric approach and provide an integrative framework that blends qu...

The impact of formal care (co-paid by long term care (LTC) insurance) on informal care is critical to the improvement and promotion of public policy. We conducted an interview-based survey to examine how the use of formal care impacts the use of info...

The high-quality development of China’s fishery economy serves as its core objective, with robust financial support playing a pivotal role. This study employs provincial panel data spanning 2005 to 2020 and utilizes the entropy method to evalua...

Increasing water scarcity in developing world cities combined with poor performance of water supply systems has led to an increasing reliance on informal water supply systems. Although the availability of informal supply provides a coping mechanism t...

Technology transfer has become one of the most important activities that must be developed by universities. However, there are multiple ways to do it. We can differentiate, essentially, between formal transfer (which is carried out through the channe...

(1) Background: This study investigated how potential shifts in patients’ formal and informal care utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted their informal caregivers in terms of their subjective burden, psychological wellbeing, and hap...

Most research on entrepreneurial activities and institutions focuses on identifying certain relationships between formal and informal institutions and entrepreneurship across economies. In this study, we advance entrepreneurship research by examining...

Most people are using their smartphones daily and carry them all the time. Therefore, mobile learning applications can be integrated in daily routines to make learning a part of daily life. While numerous mobile learning applications exist, each with...

Institutions have long shaped human life. One of their key roles is to balance the interests of the community with those of smaller sub-groups and individuals. The larger and more complex human communities are, the more pressing the need for function...

Background: The demand for long-term care is increasing as the elderly population continues to grow, prompting a critical examination of care modalities. Methods: This study employs data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS)...

This study investigates how demographic characteristics, severity of intimate partner violence (IPV), social support, gender equality awareness, and demographic factors (e.g., living with children at home) influence help-seeking behaviors among 2527...

While there is abundant literature on the positive correlation between refugee post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social isolation, few studies have examined the moderating effects of formal and informal interpersonal support. This study on 15...

The construction industry produces enormous amounts of information, relying on building information modeling (BIM). However, due to interoperability issues, valuable information is not being used properly. Ontology offers a solution to this interoper...

The housing market in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, is expanding and with it a need for increased market transparency to guide investors and other stakeholders. The objective of this paper is to evaluate machine learning (ML) methods to appraise real esta...

In Indonesia, there is a significant gap between the skills, creativity, innovation abilities, and job awareness of college graduates as well as the demands of the modern workforce. This gap originates from a curriculum and learning design that has n...

This study focuses on the address paradigm in the Spanish spoken in Montevideo, the capital of Uruguay, a Latin American variety which presents speakers with three options—one polite (usted), and two familiar (pan-Hispanic tú and regional vos). Recen...

This paper summarizes the main findings of research on education for sustainable development (ESD) at the international level. The context of the research regards educating cities, or local administrations committed to education through all their pol...

Developing high-quality regional integration requires a good-quality water environment. In this study, the impact of formal and informal environmental regulation (FIER) on water environment governance performance (WEP) is examined using a fixed-effec...

In the “culture of digitality”, new (digital) spaces of opportunity in the contested field of formal and informal learning contexts are constantly emerging, forcing students to orient themselves and take responsibility for selecting infor...

Promoting green technology innovation (GTI) through environmental regulation is a key measure in reducing the severity of environmental problems. However, the effects of formal environmental regulation (FER) and informal environmental regulation (IER...

Consider a formal context (G, M, I) as the basic mechanism to capture information about a set G of objects, a set M of attributes and the relation I ∈ G × M between them. Traditional use of Formal Concept Analysis has some shortcomings in...

Nowadays, audiovisual media play a central role in access to information and in personal relationships. Among the audiovisual media is cinema, which due to its heterogeneous nature, can fulfill diverse educational functions. The objective of this stu...

This paper aims to explore the ecological characteristics of information and its scientific research from various aspects. Firstly, it explores formal information including eight basic types, and then explores the essence of information involved the...

This article provides information on the current Dutch educational system, paying special attention to the position of Islam in formal, non-formal and informal education. It briefly sketches the history of the so-called “pillarised educational...

This paper empirically analyses variation in use of formally, semi-formally, and informally regulated finance using the South African National Income Dynamics Study longitudinal data. The logistic regressions indicate that many individuals use a comb...

Grandparents constitute an important source of childcare to many parents. Focusing on the Belgian context, this paper improves our understanding of childcare decision-making by investigating how formal childcare availability and availability of grand...

The rational for this paper is contextualized within a broader national and international agenda of reaching Education for All (EFA), knowledge transformation and production with an overall focus on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Whose...