A headphone-based virtual sound image can not be perceived as perfectly externalized if the acoustic of the synthesized room does not match that of the real listening environment. This effect has been well explored and is known as the room divergence...
With the continuous effort for a harmonious coexistence with nature in human settlement, theories for ecological design and urban sustainability are proposed and developed. However, in 2014, a new concept called ‘ecological wisdom’ was pr...
Several studies show that the reverberation and spectral details in direct sounds are two essential cues for perceived externalization of virtual sound sources in reverberant environments. The present study investigated the role of these two cues in...
Learning engagement among university students is a critical predictor of academic success. This study, drawing on responses from 333 questionnaires completed by Chinese tourism students, employs the fsQCA method to construct a configurational impact...
Sustainable transport, such as using inland waterway transport (IWT), represents a major pillar of the European Green Deal to reduce global warming. To evaluate the different inland transport modes (road, rail, IWT), it is crucial to know the externa...
Urban agglomerations are playing an increasingly important role in regional economic development, and economic externalities are the key factors in the formation and development of urban agglomerations. According to different mechanisms, agglomeratio...
6 December 2019
To sustain in today’s ever-changing and competitive landscape, firms must work within and outside of their organizations’ boundaries. Open innovation (OI) strategies such as external technology acquisition (ETA), and external technology e...
The rapid development of the urban network has led to the fact that cities are no longer single individuals, and the network has changed the urban development environment. The interaction between cities has gradually become an important factor for th...
The prominence of agglomeration externalities (AEs) and network externalities (NEs) in urban sustainable development has intensified in recent times, with advances in transportation infrastructure and information technology acting as key accelerators...
External collaboration is an effective way for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to improve innovation performance and obtain sustainable competitiveness. This study focuses on the influence of external collaboration on innovation performance...
Designing spacecraft involves a careful equilibrium to avoid overengineering or underdesigning, which underscores the importance of employing thermal uncertainty analysis. A key part of this analysis is modeling thermal conditions, but this is often...
The main objective of this paper is to present an analytical methodological framework for the estimation of the external costs of air emissions from passenger ships. We used as a case study the two main ports of Crete (Souda and Heraklion) and studie...
Governments create contests to allocate resources to stakeholders, e.g., grants, contracts. The actions of these stakeholders can generate a positive externality for themselves—the contest winner can attract additional outside funding and donations f...
A surprising aspect of the agglomeration economy is the lack of attention to the impact on the physical environment. Even in the field of spatial planning, road infrastructure has been built in situations where the consideration of the agglomeration...
External cervical resorption is a relatively uncommon, often misdiagnosed, destructive form of external resorption. It consists of an uncontrolled growth of resorptive tissue and consequent loss of mineralized tooth tissue, in an apical direction. Th...
3 January 2020
Hydropower development brings a very large number of external benefits which are enjoyed by the beneficiaries for free. These external benefits are defined and the beneficiaries are identified. Models to measure the external benefits are established...
Phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization is a conserved membrane stress signal that becomes chronically dysregulated in cancer cells and tumor-associated endothelium. In vivo, PS does not exist as a free lipid signal but is presented in specific membr...
The concept of a smart city is widely implemented all over the world, and this fact creates both possibilities and new challenges for all participants and stakeholders of the process. This study examines the implementation of smart governance in the...
The primary objectives of transportation system development in European countries include improving transport efficiency, enhancing national economic competitiveness, and promoting sustainable mobility. A key aspect of achieving these goals is the ev...
The minimization of negative externalities is a key aspect in the development of a circular and sustainable economic model. At the local scale, especially in urban areas, externalities are generated by the adverse impacts of air pollution on human he...
In this work, the effect of the external load on the current and power generation, as well as on the pollutant removal by microbial fuel cells (MFCs), has been studied by step-wise modifying the external load. The load changes included a direct scan,...
There is a growing level of concern regarding infrastructure externalities globally. However, most of the previous relevant reviews were undertaken manually and few of them covered all infrastructure systems. This study conducted a scientometric anal...
A narrow linewidth tunable laser source is a critical component in various fields, including laser radar, quantum information, coherent communication, and precise measurement. Tunable external cavity diode lasers (ECDLs) demonstrate excellent perform...
In many circles, including in Poland, lignite is still viewed as a cheap source of energy, which is only possible if the external costs associated with mining and burning coal are not taken into account. In Poland, this is reflected in plans to open...
Narrow linewidth external cavity semiconductor lasers (NLECSLs) have many important applications, such as spectroscopy, metrology, biomedicine, holography, space laser communication, laser lidar and coherent detection, etc. Due to their high coherenc...
External costs that are associated with air pollution, climate change linked to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), and noise are among the most important environmental externalities that are generated by road transport, which have been well monetized. T...
The impact of occupational and environmental exposure to external airborne agents on cognitive function, especially in incidence of dementia, is understudied. The present study was conducted to elucidate the association between severe external airbor...
This paper considers the collusive stability of downstream competition in a vertical market with network externalities and cost asymmetry. A dynamic collusion game is constructed, and backward induction is employed to solve the subgame perfect Nash e...
External fixation is widely used in trauma care for managing bone and soft tissue injuries. These devices are often associated with psychological challenges and are often not followed up with sufficient psychological support for the patient. The spec...
This paper aims to explore external auditors’ perception of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It investigates whether there is a perception among external auditors toward the contribution of AI to audit...
Thermal uncertainty analysis of spacecraft is an important method to avoid overdesign and underdesign problems. In the context of uncertainty analysis, thermal models representing multiple operating conditions must be invoked repeatedly, leading to s...
Contemporary artificial intelligence policies systematically externalize environmental costs. Despite divergent governance models, the European Union, the United States, and China converge on the same outcome: none impose binding restrictions on the...
This paper shows that a common form of external habit persistence, despite having much success in asset pricing, implies an extreme degree of conformity in investors’ portfolio choice. If an investor with this utility function uses US aggregate...
This study examines whether the external financing anomaly exists in an emerging-market setting. Using data on Korean listed firms from 1994 to 2023, we find that firms with higher net external financing subsequently earn significantly lower stock re...
The property of external positivity of dynamic systems is commonly defined as the non-negativity of the output for all time under zero initial conditions and any given non-negative input for all time. This paper investigates the extension of that pro...
The Greek fishing sector faces various challenges which can threaten its long-term sustainability. The PESTLE analysis is used to assess the impact of the external environment on the Greek fishing sector. According to our analysis, appropriate strate...
Solving important social problems and promoting sustainable development requires solutions involving multiple stakeholders. Nevertheless, previous social marketing studies were limited to individual behavioral changes and lacked a perspective to invo...
In recent years, bike-sharing has experienced rapid development; however, controversies about the externalities of bike-sharing programs have arisen as well. While bike-sharing programs have impacts on traffic, the environment, and public health, the...
Although global food consumption costs more in terms of impact on human life than money is spent on it, health costs have not been consistently quantified or included in food prices to date. In this paper, a method to determine the external health co...
This study investigated the external costs of different transport modes and their implications for sustainable transport policy. Utilising the INCONE60 Cargo Flow Model, we quantified and compared road and maritime transport’s environmental and...
Gaze tracking systems usually utilize near-infrared (NIR) lights and NIR cameras, and the performance of such systems is mainly affected by external light sources that include NIR components. This is ascribed to the production of additional (imposter...
Scholars have conducted a large number of empirical studies on agglomeration externalities and network externalities at the urban scale, but there are relatively few studies at the urban agglomeration scale. For the integrated development of the Yang...
Biomass remains one of the most important materials for the production of renewable energy in the European Union. Willow can be one of the sources of biomass, and its production can also be profitable on soils with low quality. A proper selection of...
ATP13A2, a late endo-/lysosomal polyamine transporter, is implicated in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease and Kufor–Rakeb syndrome, an early-onset atypical form of parkinsonism. Loss-of-function mutations in ATP13...
The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediation effects of external knowledge acquisition on the relationships between environments (dynamism, complexity, and hostility) and innovation. Although prior studies have extensively examined the r...
Legislative regulations have recognized the significance of board independence in enhancing the board’s role and strengthening its autonomy, which are among the key features that mitigate conflicts of interest between management and shareholder...
External ventricular drainage is often considered a life-saving treatment in acute hydrocephalus. Given the large number of discussion points, the ideal management of EVD has not been completely clarified. The objective of this study was to review th...
3 February 2023
This article concerns internalizing and externalizing behaviors among Polish adolescents attending primary schools in a medium-sized city in Poland. The aim of the study was to examine the levels of select problem behaviors (i.e., depression, withdra...
The sheer size, growth, and complexity of cities worldwide are creating an ever-increasing burden of negative externalities on society and the environment. This systematic review aims to illuminate the broad range of negative urban development extern...
Performing MR investigation on patients instrumented with external fixators is still controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of MR imaging of the knee structures in the presence of bridging external fixators. Different cadaver...
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