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52 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
908 Views
22 Pages

An Artificial Intelligence-Driven Precipitation Downscaling Method Using Spatiotemporally Coupled Multi-Source Data

  • Chao Li,
  • Long Ma,
  • Xing Huang,
  • Chenyue Wang,
  • Xinyuan Liu,
  • Bolin Sun and
  • Qiang Zhang

22 October 2025

Addressing the challenges posed by sparse ground meteorological stations and the insufficient resolution and accuracy of reanalysis and satellite precipitation products, this study establishes a multi-source environmental feature system that precisel...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,421 Views
20 Pages

18 November 2024

In this research, we introduce a novel method leveraging the Transformer architecture to generate high-fidelity precipitation model outputs. This technique emulates the statistical characteristics of high-resolution datasets while substantially lower...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,951 Views
20 Pages

12 August 2024

High-resolution and accurate precipitation data are essential for hydrological, meteorological, and ecological research at the watershed scale. However, in regions with complex terrain and significant rainfall variability, the limited number of rain...

  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
9,956 Views
22 Pages

Downscaling TRMM Monthly Precipitation Using Google Earth Engine and Google Cloud Computing

  • Abdelrazek Elnashar,
  • Hongwei Zeng,
  • Bingfang Wu,
  • Ning Zhang,
  • Fuyou Tian,
  • Miao Zhang,
  • Weiwei Zhu,
  • Nana Yan,
  • Zeqiang Chen and
  • Yuan Li
  • + 2 authors

25 November 2020

Accurate precipitation data at high spatiotemporal resolution are critical for land and water management at the basin scale. We proposed a downscaling framework for Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation products through integrating...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,463 Views
19 Pages

11 December 2019

Accurate and spatially-distributed precipitation information is vital to the study of the regional hydrological cycle and water resources, as well as for environmental management. To provide high spatio-temporal resolution precipitation estimates ove...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,846 Views
16 Pages

30 June 2024

Spatial downscaling is an effective way to improve the spatial resolution of precipitation products. However, the existing methods often fail to adequately consider the spatial heterogeneity and complex nonlinearity between precipitation and surface...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,279 Views
22 Pages

Coupling Downscaling and Calibrating Methods for Generating High-Quality Precipitation Data with Multisource Satellite Data in the Yellow River Basin

  • Haibo Yang,
  • Xiang Cui,
  • Yingchun Cai,
  • Zhengrong Wu,
  • Shiqi Gao,
  • Bo Yu,
  • Yanling Wang,
  • Ke Li,
  • Zheng Duan and
  • Qiuhua Liang

9 April 2024

Remote sensing precipitation data have the characteristics of wide coverage and revealing spatiotemporal information, but their spatial resolution is low. The accuracy of the data is obviously different in different study areas and hydrometeorologica...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,358 Views
18 Pages

6 September 2023

High accuracy and a high spatiotemporal resolution of precipitation are essential for the hydrological, ecological, and environmental fields. However, the existing daily gridded precipitation datasets, such as remote sensing products, are limited bot...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
5,207 Views
27 Pages

Combining APHRODITE Rain Gauges-Based Precipitation with Downscaled-TRMM Data to Translate High-Resolution Precipitation Estimates in the Indus Basin

  • Rabeea Noor,
  • Arfan Arshad,
  • Muhammad Shafeeque,
  • Jinping Liu,
  • Azhar Baig,
  • Shoaib Ali,
  • Aarish Maqsood,
  • Quoc Bao Pham,
  • Adil Dilawar and
  • Ahmed Elbeltagi
  • + 2 authors

5 January 2023

Understanding the pixel-scale hydrology and the spatiotemporal distribution of regional precipitation requires high precision and high-resolution precipitation data. Satellite-based precipitation products have coarse spatial resolutions (~10 km&ndash...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,202 Views
14 Pages

Time Varying Spatial Downscaling of Satellite-Based Drought Index

  • Hone-Jay Chu,
  • Regita Faridatunisa Wijayanti,
  • Lalu Muhamad Jaelani and
  • Hui-Ping Tsai

15 September 2021

Drought monitoring is essential to detect the presence of drought, and the comprehensive change of drought conditions on a regional or global scale. This study used satellite precipitation data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), but...

  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
7,914 Views
18 Pages

15 July 2016

Merging satellite and rain gauge data by combining accurate quantitative rainfall from stations with spatial continuous information from remote sensing observations provides a practical method of estimating rainfall. However, generating high spatiote...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,531 Views
21 Pages

An Operational Downscaling Method of Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) for Regional Drought Monitoring

  • Zhiming Hong,
  • Yijie Hu,
  • Changlu Cui,
  • Xining Yang,
  • Chongxin Tao,
  • Weiran Luo,
  • Wen Zhang,
  • Linyi Li and
  • Lingkui Meng

Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has been shown to be a powerful proxy for photosynthesis and a promising indicator of drought monitoring, but the ability of high-resolution satellite-derived SIF for drought monitoring has not been widely...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
5,756 Views
16 Pages

Projection of Water Availability and Sustainability in Nigeria Due to Climate Change

  • Mohammed Sanusi Shiru,
  • Shamsuddin Shahid and
  • Inhwan Park

2 June 2021

This study projects water availability and sustainability in Nigeria due to climate change. This study used Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) terrestrial water storage data (TWS), Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) precipita...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,281 Views
19 Pages

19 September 2023

Satellite products have mediocre performance in precipitation estimation, while rain gauges are incapable of describing continuous spatial precipitation distributions. To obtain spatially continuous and accurate precipitation data, this paper propose...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
2,617 Views
22 Pages

31 March 2024

Accurate and reliable precipitation data are important for analyzing regional precipitation distribution, water resource management, and ecological environment construction. Due to the scarcity of meteorological stations in the Turpan–Hami regi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,755 Views
35 Pages

5 November 2020

Downscaling methods have been widely used due to the coarse and biased outputs of general circulation models (GCMs), which cannot be applied directly in regional climate change projection. Hence, appropriate selection of GCMs and downscaling methods...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
9,054 Views
20 Pages

Assessment of Effective Seasonal Downscaling of TRMM Precipitation Data in Peninsular Malaysia

  • Mohd Rizaludin Mahmud,
  • Shinya Numata,
  • Hiroshi Matsuyama,
  • Tetsuro Hosaka and
  • Mazlan Hashim

7 April 2015

Precise spatio-temporal measurements of rainfall during seasonal monsoons are critical for accurate hydrologic analyses in the tropical regions of Southeast Asia. The use of satellite precipitation data is technologically sound but requires downscali...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,359 Views
22 Pages

Optimization of CMIP6 Precipitation Projection Based on Bayesian Model Averaging Approach and Future Urban Precipitation Risk Assessment: A Case Study of Shanghai

  • Yifeng Qin,
  • Caihua Yang,
  • Hao Wu,
  • Changkun Xie,
  • Afshin Afshari,
  • Veselin Krustev,
  • Shengbing He and
  • Shengquan Che

25 August 2025

Urban flooding, intensified by climate change, poses significant threats to sustainable development, necessitating accurate precipitation projections for effective risk management. This study utilized Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) to optimize CMIP6...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,962 Views
16 Pages

Generating High-Resolution and Long-Term SPEI Dataset over Southwest China through Downscaling EEAD Product by Machine Learning

  • Rui Fu,
  • Rui Chen,
  • Changjing Wang,
  • Xiao Chen,
  • Hongfan Gu,
  • Cong Wang,
  • Baodong Xu,
  • Guoxiang Liu and
  • Gaofei Yin

30 March 2022

Drought is an event of shortages in the water supply, whether atmospheric, surface water or ground water. Prolonged droughts have negative impacts on ecosystems, agriculture, society, and the economy. Although existing drought index products are wide...

  • Article
  • Open Access
567 Views
18 Pages

25 November 2025

The Pearl River Basin (PRB) is a humid subtropical system where frequent floods and recurrent droughts challenge water management. GRACE and GRACE Follow-On provide basin-scale constraints on terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA), yet their coar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,722 Views
29 Pages

26 October 2024

The hydrological cycle is altered by climate change and human activities, amplifying extreme precipitation and heightening the flood risk regionally and globally. It is imperative to explore the future possible alterations in flood risk at the region...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,353 Views
22 Pages

Unlike global and regional assessments, the spatio-temporal variability of air temperature and precipitation, caused by climate change, must be more useful when the assessment is made at the sub-regional to local scale. Thus, this study aims to asses...

  • Article
  • Open Access
74 Citations
8,454 Views
18 Pages

16 March 2018

Soil moisture plays a crucial role in the hydrological cycle and climate system. The reliable estimation of soil moisture in space and time is important to monitor and even predict hydrological and meteorological disasters. Here we studied the spatio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
2,889 Views
23 Pages

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Climatic Variables in the Munneru River Basin, India, Using NEX-GDDP Data and the REA Approach

  • Eswar Sai Buri,
  • Venkata Reddy Keesara,
  • Kotapati Narayana Loukika and
  • Venkataramana Sridhar

2 February 2022

For effective management practices and decision-making, the uncertainty associated with Regional Climate Models (RCMs) and their scenarios need to be assessed in the context of climate change. The present study analyzes the various uncertainties in t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
7,387 Views
21 Pages

The Assessment of Climate Change on Rainfall-Runoff Erosivity in the Chirchik–Akhangaran Basin, Uzbekistan

  • Khusen Sh. Gafforov,
  • Anming Bao,
  • Shavkat Rakhimov,
  • Tie Liu,
  • Farkhod Abdullaev,
  • Liangliang Jiang,
  • Khaydar Durdiev,
  • Eldiiar Duulatov,
  • Moldir Rakhimova and
  • Yerbolat Mukanov

21 April 2020

Changes in the frequency or intensity of rainfall due to climate always affect the conservation of soil resources, which leads to land degradation. The importance of assessing past and future climate differences plays an important role in future plan...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,408 Views
28 Pages

5 December 2024

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) enables large-scale monitoring of terrestrial water storage changes, significantly contributing to hydrology and related fields. However, the coarse resolution of groundwater storage anomaly (GWSA)...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,965 Views
18 Pages

Spatio-Temporal Interpolation and Bias Correction Ordering Analysis for Hydrological Simulations: An Assessment on a Mountainous River Basin

  • Charalampos Skoulikaris,
  • Panagiota Venetsanou,
  • Georgia Lazoglou,
  • Christina Anagnostopoulou and
  • Konstantinos Voudouris

20 February 2022

Triggering hydrological simulations with climate change gridded datasets is one of the prevailing approaches in climate change impact assessment at a river basin scale, with bias correction and spatio-temporal interpolation being functions routinely...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,444 Views
22 Pages

Climate Change in Southeast Tibet and Its Potential Impacts on Cryospheric Disasters

  • Congxi Fang,
  • Jinlei Chen,
  • Lijun Su,
  • Zongji Yang and
  • Tao Yang

Southeast Tibet is characterized by extensive alpine glaciers and deep valleys, making it highly prone to cryospheric disasters such as avalanches, ice/ice–rock avalanches, glacial lake outburst floods, debris flows, and barrier lakes, which po...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,865 Views
18 Pages

12 August 2019

It is very important to analyze and monitor agricultural drought to obtain high temporal-spatial resolution soil moisture products. To overcome the deficiencies of passive microwave soil moisture products with low resolution, we construct a spatial f...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,148 Views
20 Pages

6 December 2020

This study assessed the performance of 24 simulations, from five regional climate models (RCMs) participating in the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX), in representing spatiotemporal characteristics of precipitation over We...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
5,354 Views
30 Pages

Distributed Hydrological Model Based on Machine Learning Algorithm: Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Floods

  • Zafar Iqbal,
  • Shamsuddin Shahid,
  • Tarmizi Ismail,
  • Zulfaqar Sa’adi,
  • Aitazaz Farooque and
  • Zaher Mundher Yaseen

28 May 2022

Rapid population growth, economic development, land-use modifications, and climate change are the major driving forces of growing hydrological disasters like floods and water stress. Reliable flood modelling is challenging due to the spatiotemporal c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
5,779 Views
28 Pages

Evaluation of Present-Day CMIP6 Model Simulations of Extreme Precipitation and Temperature over the Australian Continent

  • Nidhi Nishant,
  • Giovanni Di Virgilio,
  • Fei Ji,
  • Eugene Tam,
  • Kathleen Beyer and
  • Matthew L. Riley

12 September 2022

Australia experiences a variety of climate extremes that result in loss of life and economic and environmental damage. This paper provides a first evaluation of the performance of state-of-the-art Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6)...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
6,926 Views
18 Pages

Variations of the Snow Water Equivalent in the Ourika Catchment (Morocco) over 2000–2018 Using Downscaled MERRA-2 Data

  • Mohamed Wassim Baba,
  • Simon Gascoin,
  • Lionel Jarlan,
  • Vincent Simonneaux and
  • Lahoucine Hanich

23 August 2018

The Ourika River is an important tributary of the Tensift River in the water-stressed region of Marrakesh (Morocco). The Ourika river flow is dominated by the snow melt contribution from the High Atlas mountains. Despite its importance in terms of wa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
5,399 Views
17 Pages

Climate Change Influences of Temporal and Spatial Drought Variation in the Andean High Mountain Basin

  • Dario Zhiña,
  • Martín Montenegro,
  • Lisseth Montalván,
  • Daniel Mendoza,
  • Juan Contreras,
  • Lenin Campozano and
  • Alex Avilés

18 September 2019

Climate change threatens the hydrological equilibrium with severe consequences for living beings. In that respect, considerable differences in drought features are expected, especially for mountain-Andean regions, which seem to be prone to climate ch...

  • Article
  • Open Access
79 Citations
8,677 Views
23 Pages

25 December 2017

Although numerous satellite-based soil moisture (SM) products can provide spatiotemporally continuous worldwide datasets, they can hardly be employed in characterizing fine-grained regional land surface processes, owing to their coarse spatial resolu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,937 Views
27 Pages

Soil Moisture-Derived SWDI at 30 m Based on Multiple Satellite Datasets for Agricultural Drought Monitoring

  • Jing Ning,
  • Yunjun Yao,
  • Joshua B. Fisher,
  • Yufu Li,
  • Xiaotong Zhang,
  • Bo Jiang,
  • Jia Xu,
  • Ruiyang Yu,
  • Lu Liu and
  • Luna Zhang
  • + 3 authors

11 September 2024

As a major agricultural hazard, drought frequently occurs due to a reduction in precipitation resulting in a continuously propagating soil moisture (SM) deficit. Assessment of the high spatial-resolution SM-derived drought index is crucial for monito...

  • Article
  • Open Access
46 Citations
7,260 Views
16 Pages

Projected Rainfall Erosivity Over Central Asia Based on CMIP5 Climate Models

  • Eldiiar Duulatov,
  • Xi Chen,
  • Amobichukwu C. Amanambu,
  • Friday U. Ochege,
  • Rustam Orozbaev,
  • Gulnura Issanova and
  • Gulkaiyr Omurakunova

28 April 2019

Climate change-induced precipitation variability is the leading cause of rainfall erosivity that leads to excessive soil losses in most countries of the world. In this paper, four global climate models (GCMs) were used to characterize the spatiotempo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,790 Views
17 Pages

The Study of Drought in Future Climate Scenarios in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region

  • Gengmin Jiang,
  • Xiaobo Gu,
  • Dongsheng Zhao,
  • Jun Xu,
  • Changkun Yang,
  • Siyu Wang,
  • Yuying Li and
  • Bai-Lian Li

6 December 2021

In the context of global warming, agricultural production and social and economic development are significantly affected by drought. The future change of climate conditions is uncertain; thus, it is of great importance to clarify the aspects of droug...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,625 Views
24 Pages

High-Resolution Projections of Bioclimatic Variables in Türkiye: Emerging Patterns and Temporal Shifts

  • Yurdanur Ünal,
  • Ayşegül Ceren Moral,
  • Cemre Yürük Sonuç,
  • Ongun Şahin and
  • Emre Salkım

19 September 2025

This study presents a comprehensive spatiotemporal assessment of climatic and bioclimatic conditions across Türkiye for both a historical reference period (1995–2014) and future projections (2020–2099) under two Shared Socioeconomic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
6,400 Views
14 Pages

Over the years, Jamaica has experienced sporadic cases of dengue fever. Even though the island is vulnerable to dengue, there is paucity in the spatio-temporal analysis of the disease using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing tool...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
4,690 Views
22 Pages

11 November 2022

Evaluation of the long-term effect of ecosystem recovery projects is critical for future ecological management and sustainable development. The Three-North Shelterbelt (TNS) is a large-scale afforestation project in a crucial region of China. Numerou...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
657 Views
14 Pages

7 April 2025

The meteorology-driven multiscale behavior of snow depth over the Tibetan Plateau was investigated via analyzing the spatio-temporal variability of snow depth over 28 intraseasonal continuous snow cover regions. By employing power spectra and the Kul...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,449 Views
23 Pages

Assessment of Satellite-Based Rainfall Products Using a X-Band Rain Radar Network in the Complex Terrain of the Ecuadorian Andes

  • Nazli Turini,
  • Boris Thies,
  • Rütger Rollenbeck,
  • Andreas Fries,
  • Franz Pucha-Cofrep,
  • Johanna Orellana-Alvear,
  • Natalia Horna and
  • Jörg Bendix

14 December 2021

Ground based rainfall information is hardly available in most high mountain areas of the world due to the remoteness and complex topography. Thus, proper understanding of spatio-temporal rainfall dynamics still remains a challenge in those areas. Sat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
2,843 Views
21 Pages

2 November 2022

Quantifying the spatiotemporal variations of basin-scale surface water (SW)–groundwater (GW) interactions is vital for the conjunctive management of water resources in the basin. In this study, an integrated hydrological model (SWAT-MODFLOW) is...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,325 Views
22 Pages

8 April 2024

Landslides recurrently cause severe damage and, in some cases, the full disruption of many highways in mountainous areas, which can last from a few days to even months. Thus, there is a high demand for monitoring tools and precipitation data to suppo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,481 Views
20 Pages

Mapping Crop Evapotranspiration by Combining the Unmixing and Weight Image Fusion Methods

  • Xiaochun Zhang,
  • Hongsi Gao,
  • Liangsheng Shi,
  • Xiaolong Hu,
  • Liao Zhong and
  • Jiang Bian

1 July 2024

The demand for freshwater is increasing with population growth and rapid socio-economic development. It is more and more important for refined irrigation water management to conduct research on crop evapotranspiration (ET) data with a high spatiotemp...

  • Article
  • Open Access
731 Views
31 Pages

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Groundwater Storage Changes and Its Driving Factors in the Semi-Arid Region of the Lower Chenab Canal

  • Muhammad Hassan Ali,
  • Mannan Aleem,
  • Naeem Saddique,
  • Lubna Anjum,
  • Muhammad Imran Khan,
  • Rana Ammar Aslam,
  • Muhammad Umar Akbar,
  • Miaohua Mao,
  • Abid Sarwar and
  • Shazia Shukrullah
  • + 2 authors

11 December 2025

Groundwater depletion is among the most critical hydrological threats to sustainable agriculture and water security in semi-arid regions. This study presents a high-resolution, multi-sensor assessment of groundwater storage (GWS) dynamics across the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
4,087 Views
23 Pages

7 August 2022

Drought events cause ecological problems, including reduced water resources and degraded vegetation. Quantifying vegetation responses to drought is essential for ecological management. However, in existing research, the response relationships (correl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
8,265 Views
24 Pages

19 November 2018

Atmospheric moisture pathways to the highlands of the tropical Andes Mountains were investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, as well as back-trajectory analysis. To assess model uncertainties according to the initial and l...

  • Article
  • Open Access
40 Citations
10,786 Views
28 Pages

Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources in the Kilombero Catchment in Tanzania

  • Kristian Näschen,
  • Bernd Diekkrüger,
  • Constanze Leemhuis,
  • Larisa S. Seregina and
  • Roderick van der Linden

24 April 2019

This article illustrates the impact of potential future climate scenarios on water quantity in time and space for an East African floodplain catchment surrounded by mountainous areas. In East Africa, agricultural intensification is shifting from upla...

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