Stratiform and convective rain are associated with different microphysical processes and generally produce drop-size distributions (DSDs) with different characteristics. A previous study, using data from a tropical coastal location found that the two...
Relations for retrieving precipitation and attenuation information from radar measurements play a key role in radar meteorology. The uncertainty in such relations highly affects the precipitation and attenuation estimates. Weather radar algorithms ar...
Calculating rainfall erosivity, which is the capacity of rainfall to dislodge soil particles and cause erosion, requires the measurement of the rainfall kinetic energy (KE). Direct measurement of KE has its own challenges, owing to the high cost and...
Stratiform and convective rain are associated with different microphysical processes and generally produce drop-size distributions (DSDs) with different characteristics. Previous studies using data from (a) a tropical coastal location, (b) a mid-lati...
In this study, the relationship between radar reflectivity and rain rate (Z–R) was investigated. The analysis was conducted using data collected by the OTT Parsivel1 disdrometer during the periods 2012–2014 and 2019–2025 in Warsaw,...
The precipitation systems that pass over mountains develop rapidly due to the forcible ascent caused by the topography, and spatial rainfall distribution differences occur due to the local development of the system because of the topography. In order...
Accurate precipitation measurement is critical for managing flood and drought risks. Traditional meteorological tools, such as rain gauges and remote sensors, have limitations in resolution, coverage, and cost-effectiveness. Recently, the opportunist...
Accurate classification of precipitation phase (liquid, mixed, or solid) is essential in high mountain environments, where rapid changes in elevation can lead to abrupt phase transitions over short distances, significantly affecting hydro-meteorologi...
Despite the several sources of inaccuracy, commercial microwave links (CML) have been recently exploited to estimate the average rainfall intensity along the radio path from signal attenuation. Validating these measurements against “ground trut...
The present study utilizes nine years of measurements taken from a Joss–Waldvogel disdrometer (JWD). From this dataset, thirty six rainfall events, were selected and categorized, respectively, in convective and stratiform types, according to specific...
The two-dimensional video distrometer (2DVD) is a well known ground based point-monitoring precipitation gauge, often used as a ground truth instrument to validate radar or satellite rainfall retrieval algorithms. This instrument records a number of...
The 2-Dimensional Video Disdrometer (2DVD) is a commonly used tool for exploring rain microphysics and for validating remotely sensed rain retrievals. Recent work has revealed a persistent anomaly in 2DVD data. Early investigations of this anomaly co...
Typhoon rainstorms often cause disasters in southern China. Quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) with the use of polarimetric radar can improve the accuracy of precipitation estimation and enhance typhoon defense ability. On the basis of the o...
Soil erosion by water is affected by the rainfall erosivity, which controls the initial detachment and mobilization of soil particles. Rainfall erosivity is expressed through the rainfall intensity (I) and the rainfall kinetic energy (KE). KE–I...
For synoptic-scale motions the vertical velocity component is typically of the order of a few centimeters per second. In general, the vertical velocity is not measured directly but must be inferred from other meteorological fields that are measured d...
Imaging disdrometers are widely used in field campaigns to provide information on the shape of hydrometeors, together with the diameter and the fall velocity, which can be used to derive information on the shape–size relations of hydrometeors....
Disdrometer and condensation nuclei (CN) data are compared with operational polarimetric radar data for one multicell and one supercell storm in eastern Nebraska on 11 June 2018. The radar was located ~14.3 km from the instrumentation location and pr...
Nowadays, laser disdrometers constitute a very appealing tool for measuring surface precipitation properties, by virtue of their capability to estimate not only the rainfall amount and intensity, but also the number, the size and the velocity of fall...
Hailfall is a severe local weather event that can cause great economic losses as well as the loss of people’s property; however, it is still difficult for domestic meteorological stations to comprehensively observe hail, and domestic independen...
The Tianshan Mountains are known as the “Water Tower of Central Asia” and are of significant strategic importance for Xinjiang as well as the Central Asian region. Accurately monitoring the spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation in...
We examine several different features of DSDs based on data and observations from two mid-latitude coastal locations: (a) the Delmarva peninsula, USA, and (b) Incheon, South Korea. In each case, the full DSD spectra were obtained from two collocated...
A method that formulates the retrieval of drop size distribution (DSD) parameters from polarimetric radar variables at attenuating frequency as the solution of an inverse problem is presented. The DSD in each radar bin is represented by a normalized...
The microphysical parameters of snowfall directly impact hydrological and atmospheric models. During the International Collaborative Experiment hosted at the Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games (ICE-POP 2018), dual-frequency radar re...
Measurements of full drop size distribution (DSD) spectra were used as input for scattering calculations to derive fitted equations for light rain and drizzle for estimating the mass-weighted mean diameter, Dm, from radar reflectivity (Zh) at S-band....
This study compared drop size distribution (DSD) measurements on the surface, the corresponding properties, and the precipitation modes among three deep convective regions within the Americas. The measurement compilation corresponded to two sites in...
Raindrop size distributions (DSDs) are the microphysical characteristics of raindrop spectra. Rainfall characterization is important to: (1) provide information on extreme rate, thus, it has an impact on rainfall related hazard; (2) provide data for...
The aim of our study is to estimate the parameters M (water content), R (rain rate) and Z (radar reflectivity) with raindrop size distribution by using the neural network method. Our investigations have been conducted in five African localities: Abid...
An hourly rainfall of 201.9 mm fell in Zhengzhou on 20 July 2021, breaking the hourly rainfall record of mainland China and causing severe urban flooding and human casualties. This observation-based study investigates the associated convective-scale...
This study investigates the statistical characteristics of raindrop size distributions (DSDs) in monsoon season with observations collected by the second-generation Particle Size and Velocity (Parsivel2) disdrometer located in Zhuhai, southern China....
This article proposes and presents a novel approach to the characterization of winter precipitation and modeling of radar observables through a synergistic use of advanced optical disdrometers for microphysical and geometrical measurements of ice and...
A methodology to process radar wind profiler Doppler spectra is presented and implemented for an UHF Degreane PCL1300 system. First, double peak signal detection is conducted at each height level and, then, vertical continuity checks for each radar b...
To analyze the difference in the microphysical development characteristics of orographic rainfall, several Parsivel disdrometers were installed along the windward and leeward slope of a mountain. There were differences in the raindrop size distributi...
The rain drop size distribution (DSD) at Cherrapunji, Northeast India was observed by a laser optical disdrometer Parsivel
Tools to identify and classify stratiform and convective rains at various times of the 12 days from June 2015 to March 2016 in Jincheon, Korea, were developed by using a Parsivel disdrometer and S-band polarimetric (S-POL) radar data. Stratiform and...
X-band dual-polarization phased-array weather radars (X-PARs) have been used in South China extensively. Eliminating the attenuation and system bias of X-band radar data is the key to utilizing the advantage of X-PAR networks. In this paper, the disd...
The Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) aboard the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission provides valuable three-dimensional precipitation structure data on a global scale and has been widely used in hydrometeorological research. Howeve...
This study, conducted in the framework of the LIAISE field campaign in NE Spain (May–September 2021), investigates how near-surface relative humidity influences early-stage rainfall characteristics when precipitation is most affected by tempera...
This paper presents a maximum entropy approach to Rain Drop Size Distribution (RDSD) modelling. It is shown that this approach allows (1) to use a physically consistent rationale to select a particular probability density function (pdf) (2) to provid...
This paper proposes an inverse model for raindrop size distribution (DSD) retrieval with polarimetric radar variables. In this method, a forward operator is first developed based on the simulations of monodisperse raindrops using a T-matrix method, a...
The pressing need for accurate and reliable precipitation measurements and forecasting poses theoretical and technological problems. Remote-sensing instruments with increased coverage and sensitivity (such as space-borne and ground-based radar) are a...
The millimeter-wave cloud radar, ceilometer, and disdrometer have been widely used to observe clouds and precipitation. However, there are some drawbacks when those three instruments are solely employed due to their own limitations, such as the fact...
The accurate retrieval of the raindrop size distribution (DSD) is a longstanding objective in meteorology because it underpins reliable quantitative precipitation estimation. Among remote sensors, weather radars are the primary tool for mapping DSD o...
This study investigates the characteristics of the raindrop size distribution (DSD) for five typhoons that made landfall or passed by Zhejiang on the eastern coast of China, from 2019 to 2022. Additionally, it examines the raindrop shape–slope...
It is essential to accurately estimate rainfall to predict and prevent hydrological disasters such as floods. In this paper, an electromagnetic wave rain gauge system and a method to estimate average rainfall using the system’s multiple elevati...
The satellite-derived HOAPS (Hamburg Ocean Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite Data) precipitation estimates have been validated against in-situ precipitation measurements from optical disdrometers, available from OceanRAIN (Ocean Rainfal...
Recent studies reported that precipitation and mountain waves induced low tropospheric level circulations may be decoupled or masked by greater spatial scale variability despite generally there is a connection between microphysical processes of preci...
The research presents the inter-comparison of atmospheric variables measured by 9 automatic weather stations. This set of data was compared with the measurements of other weather stations in order to standardize the values that must be adjusted when...
Rainfall simulators are versatile research tools that facilitate studying rain events and the many related physical phenomena. This work describes the development and validation of an indoor, large-scale rainfall simulator comprising a rain module in...
In July 2021, Typhoon In-Fa attacked eastern China and broke many records for extreme precipitation over the last century. Such an unrivaled impact results from In-Fa’s slow moving speed and long residence time due to atmospheric circulations....
Ground-based remote sensing equipment have the potential to be used for the nowcasting of the tephra hazard from volcanic eruptions. To do so raw data from the equipment first need to be accurately transformed to tephra-related physical quantities. I...
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