The Rhus gall aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis uses the species Rhus chinensis as its primary host plant, on which galls are produced. The galls have medicinal properties and can be used in various situations due to their high tannin content. Detoxifi...
As cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO2) continue to infiltrate aquatic environments, the resulting health risks to exposed aquatic organisms are becoming evident. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are integral to the detoxification processes in these speci...
The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is a widely cultivated crop in tropical acidic soil that is tolerant to high concentration of aluminum and the aluminum-activated malate transporter (ALMT) plays an important role in plant aluminum detoxification....
The glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a complex family of phase II detoxification enzymes, known for their ability to catalyze the conjugation of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) to a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous electrophilic compo...
Plant defence mechanisms, including physical barriers like toughened bark and chemical defences like allelochemicals, are essential for protecting them against pests. Trees allocate non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) to produce secondary metabolites...
The prolonged use of pyrethroid insecticides for controlling the plant bug Lygus pratensis has led to upward resistance. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and potential regulatory pathways associated with lambda-cyhalothrin resist...
background: The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters family is one of the largest families of membrane proteins existing in all living organisms. Pyrethroid resistance has become the largest unique obstacle for mosquito control worldwide. ABC tran...
Nicosulfuron, an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor herbicide, is a broad-spectrum and highly effective post-emergence herbicide. Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are widely found in organisms and transfer sugar molecules from donors to acceptors to for...
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are a family of membrane-bound mono-oxygenase proteins, which are involved in cell metabolism and detoxification of various xenobiotic substances. In this study, we identified 58 putative CYP genes in Amur stickleback (Pungiti...
Sulcotrione is a member of triketone herbicides, a class of HPPD (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitors with broad-spectrum herbicidal activity. Modifications of glycosylation mediated by glycosyltransferases (GT) are involved in plant deto...
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450s) play a variety of physiological roles, including pesticide resistance, plant allelochemical detoxification, and hormone metabolism catalysis. However, limited information is available on the classification and...
Cadmium (Cd) exerts a toxic influence on numerous crucial growth and development processes in plants, notably affecting seed germination rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, and biomass. While considerable advances in Cd uptake and detoxifi...
The cerambycid beetle, Pharsalia antennata Gahan, 1894 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is a wood-boring pest that spends most of its life cycle in the trunks or under the bark of trees. These distinctive biological characteristics make it likely that thi...
Glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) form a broad family of antioxidant proteins essential for maintaining redox homeostasis in eukaryotic cells. In this study, we used an integrative approach that combines bioinformatics, molecular biology, and biochemist...
Phthonandria atrilineata, also known as the mulberry looper, is a major defoliator of mulberry trees. This feeding behavior directly affects the growth of the trees and reduces the quality and yield of mulberry leaves for its use in sericulture. Desp...
To appraise how evolutionary processes, such as gene duplication and loss, influence an organism’s xenobiotic sensitivity is a critical question in toxicology. Of particular importance are gene families involved in the mediation of detoxificati...
Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (MATE) proteins are essential transporters that extrude metabolites and participate in plant development and the detoxification of toxins. Little is known about the MATE gene family in the Solanaceae, which incl...
Spodoptera frugiperda poses a severe threat to crops, causing substantial economic losses. The increased use of chemical pesticides has led to resistance in S. frugiperda populations. Micro ribonucleic acids (MicroRNAs or miRNAs) are pivotal in insec...
Bark beetle, as a trunk borer, has caused a large number of tree deaths and seriously damaged the mountain forest ecosystem. Bark beetles oxidize the secondary metabolites of plants, degrade them, and excrete them from the body or convert them into c...
The use of insecticides is widespread in the control of debilitating mosquito-borne diseases. P450 enzymes (CYPs) play essential roles in mosquito physiological function but also in the enzymatic detoxification of xenobiotics. Broadly speaking, CYPs...
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that can cause damage to living organisms at different levels. Even at low concentrations, Cd can be toxic to plants, causing harm at multiple levels. As they are unable to move away from areas contaminated by Cd, plants...
One possible way to overcome the diversity of toxic plant allelochemicals idiosyncratically distributed among potential host plants is to have more counterdefense genes via gene duplication or fewer gene losses. Cytochrome P450 is the most important...
The genus Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) includes species that are among the most important crop pests in the world. These polyphagous species are able to feed on many plants, including corn, rice and cotton. In addition to their ability to adap...
The heavy-metal-associated (HMA) proteins are a class of PB1-type ATPases related to the intracellular transport and detoxification of metals. However, due to a lack of information regarding the HMA gene family in the Cucurbitaceae family, a comprehe...
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for plants, playing a crucial role in various physiological and molecular processes. Excess Cu induces oxidative stress and disrupts cellular functions, while Cu deficiency causes chlorosis and poor pollen de...
The Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (MATE) proteins serve as pivotal transporters responsible for the extrusion of metabolites, thereby playing a significant role in both plant development and the detoxification of toxins. The MATE gene family...
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are crucial in safeguarding plants against reactive oxygen species (ROS) toxicity caused by abiotic or biotic factors. Although recent research has revealed the involvement of the SOD gene family in plant biological proce...
The liver plays a pivotal role in drug handling due to its contribution to the processes of detoxification (phases 0 to 3). In addition, the liver is also an essential organ for the mechanism of action of many families of drugs, such as cholesterol-l...
Glutathione S-transferases (GST) are a large family of polymorphous proteins that play important roles in herbicide detoxification and stress response. Nicosulfuron is the most broadly used herbicide in maize fields, and it can cause different injuri...
UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are widely distributed enzymes in living organisms that catalyze the transfer of glycosyl groups from donor molecules to acceptor molecules’ glycoside ligands. These enzymes are pivotal for detoxifying and elimin...
The Cation Diffusion Facilitator (CDF) family, also named Metal Tolerance Protein (MTP), is one of the gene families involved in heavy metal transport in plants. However, a comprehensive study of MTPs in Brassica napus has not been reported yet. In t...
The flavin monooxygenase (FMO) enzyme was discovered in mammalian liver cells that convert a carcinogenic compound, N-N′-dimethylaniline, into a non-carcinogenic compound, N-oxide. Since then, many FMOs have been reported in animal systems for...
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are xenobiotic detoxification genes found in most eukaryotes, and linked in insects to the tolerance of plant secondary chemicals and insecticide resistance. The number and diversity of CYP clans, families, and subfamilies tha...
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a critical superfamily of multifunctional enzymes in plants. As a ligand or binding protein, GSTs regulate plant growth and development and detoxification. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv) could res...
The caterpillars of the Lepidoptera are important herbivores as most of them belong to serious agricultural and forestry pests. To adapt to their habitats and feeding host plants, the larvae utilize uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGT...
Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) can seriously affect animal health, with potentially severe economic losses. Previous studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota plays a significant role in detoxification. We analyzed the colon contents...
Recent transcriptomic profiling has revealed importance membrane transporters such as ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in fungal necrotrophic mycoparasites. In this study, RNA-Seq allowed rapid detection of ABC transcripts involved in biotroph...
Chironomids commonly dominate macroinvertebrate assemblages in aquatic habitats and these non-biting midges are known for their ability to tolerate contaminants. Studies regarding the interplay between gut microbiota and host detoxification ability i...
Detoxification of fusariotoxin is a type V Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance and is considered a component of type II resistance, which is related to the spread of infection within spikes. Understanding this type of resistance is vital for FHB re...
Phytochemical toxins are considered a defense measure for herbivore invasion. To adapt this defensive strategy, herbivores use glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) as an important detoxification enzyme to cope with toxic compounds, but the underlying mo...
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a large class of superfamily involved in a variety of biological processes with multiple functions, including phytohormone transport, heavy metal ion detoxification, and so on. Anthocyanin pigmentation in g...
The harlequin bug, Murgantia histrionica (Hahn), is an agricultural pest in the continental United States, particularly in southern states. Reliable gene sequence data are especially useful to the development of species-specific, environmentally frie...
The pale chub Zacco platypus (Cypriniformes; Xenocyprididae; Jordan & Evermann, 1902) is widely distributed across freshwater ecosystems in East Asia and has been recognized as a potential model fish species for ecotoxicology and environmental mo...
The glyoxalase system is the ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG) in the biological systems. It comprises two enzymes, glyoxalase I (GLYI) and glyoxalase II (GLYII), which act sequentially to convert MG into d-lactate, ther...
Glycosylation is a common modification reaction in plants. The products obtained upon glycosylation have different biological functions, making glycosylation an important mechanism affecting and regulating the balance of plant growth and metabolism....
The natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMPs) gene family represents a group of membrane transporter proteins with wide distribution in plants. This family of membrane transporters plays a pivotal role in mediating plant responses to...
The cap ‘n’ collar isoform C (CncC) transcription factor is thought to be a regulator associated with antioxidant and detoxification genes that can enhance pest resistance by regulating the expression of detoxification enzyme genes. Howev...
A rarely seen butterfly species, the large swallowtail butterfly Papilio elwesi Leech, 1889 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), endemic to the Chinese mainland, has been declared a state-protected animal in China since 2000, but its genome is not yet availa...
Phosphites have been used to control Sudden Oak Death; however, their precise mode of action is not fully understood. To study the mechanism of action of phosphites, we conducted an inoculation experiment on two open-pollinated tanoak families, previ...
Yarrowia lipolytica, the non-conventional yeast capable of high lipogenesis, is a microbial chassis for producing lipid-based biofuels and chemicals from renewable resources such as lignocellulosic biomass. However, the low tolerance of Y. lipolytica...
of 3